微柱凝胶法在新生儿溶血病检测中的应用

目的采用微柱凝胶技术进行新生儿溶血病血清学检测,对新生儿直接抗人球蛋白试验、游离试验、放散试验的结果进行分析。方法采用微柱凝胶技术对新生儿溶血病进行检测。结果在108例送检的标本中74例确诊为新生儿溶血病,占送检标本的68．5％（74／108）;出生天数小于或等于5d者新生儿溶血病检出率为72．3%（68／94）,明显高于出生天数大于5d的新生儿42．9％（6／14）。结论微柱凝胶技术与传统试管法相比,具有操作简便、敏感性高、准确等优点;新生儿外周血标本的早期检测,可提高阳性指标的检出率。     

微柱凝胶检测技术在新生儿溶血筛查试验中的应用

目的 应用微柱凝胶检测技术探讨新生儿溶血筛查试验在诊断新生儿溶血病（HDN）中的临床应用。方法 采用微柱凝胶抗人球蛋白试验对本院新生儿病房怀疑为HDN的患者进行检测。结果 522例HDN筛查试验阳性率为41．4％,均为ABO HDN。其中直抗试验阳性率9．2％,游离试验阳性率35．8％,热放散试验阳性率28．7％。结论 快速早期诊断HDN可提高治疗水平,减少后遗症的发生。     

Acquired Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Newborns: Positive Impact on Newborn Health through Early Detection

The early diagnosis of and intervention in vitamin B12 deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants by mothers with low vitamin B12 is crucial in preventing possible irreversible neurologic damage, megaloblastic anemia, and failure to thrive. We assess the usefulness of the early detection of asymptomatic B12 deficiency related to acquired conditions and highlight the importance of monitoring serum vitamin B12 levels during pregnancy. We describe demographic, clinical, dietary, and biochemical data, including the evolution of a vitamin B12 deficiency’s functional biomarkers. We enrolled 12 newborns (5 males) with an age range of 1–2 months old that were exclusively breastfed and asymptomatic. These cases were referred to our metabolic unit due to alterations in expanded newborn screening: high levels of methylmalonic acid and/or total homocysteine (tHcy). All mothers were under a vegetarian diet except three who had abnormal B12 absorption, and all presented low or borderline serum B12 level and high plasma levels of tHcy. Supplementation with oral vitB12 re-established the metabolic homeostasis of the mothers. In infants, therapy with an intramuscular injection of 1.0 mg hydroxocobalamin led to the rapid normalization of the metabolic pattern, and a healthy outcome was observed. Acquired B12 deficiency should be ruled out before proceeding in a differential diagnosis of cobalamin metabolism deficits, methylmalonic acidemia, and homocystinuria.     

Newborn weight change and predictors of underweight in the neonatal period in Guinea‐Bissau,Nepal, Pakistan and Uganda

In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), growth impairment is common; however, the trajectory of growth over the course of the first month has not been well characterised. To describe newborn growth trajectory and predictors of growth impairment, we assessed growth frequently over the first 30 days among infants born ≥2000 g in Guinea‐Bissau, Nepal, Pakistan and Uganda. In this cohort of 741 infants, the mean birth weight was 3036 ± 424 g. For 721 (98%) infants, weight loss occurred for a median of 2 days (interquartile range, 1–4) following birth until weight nadir was reached 5.9 ± 4.3% below birth weight. At 30 days of age, the mean weight was 3934 ± 592 g. The prevalence of being underweight at 30 days ranged from 5% in Uganda to 31% in Pakistan. Of those underweight at 30 days of age, 56 (59%) had not been low birth weight (LBW), and 48 (50%) had reached weight nadir subsequent to 4 days of age. Male sex (relative risk [RR] 2.73 [1.58, 3.57]), LBW (RR 6.41 [4.67, 8.81]), maternal primiparity (1.74 [1.20, 2.51]) and reaching weight nadir subsequent to 4 days of age (RR 5.03 [3.46, 7.31]) were highly predictive of being underweight at 30 days of age. In this LMIC cohort, country of birth, male sex, LBW and maternal primiparity increased the risk of impaired growth, as did the modifiable factor of delayed initiation of growth. Interventions tailored to infants with modifiable risk factors could reduce the burden of growth impairment in LMIC.     

Challenges of paediatric organ donation

Paediatric organ donation represents a small fraction of overall organ donation in Australia and New Zealand and indeed world‐wide. Many factors contribute to low donation rates including low paediatric intensive care mortality, consent rates and medical suitability relating to disease, age and size. In the past decade, the re‐emergence of donation after circulatory death has changed the landscape for the paediatric population. This article reviews the current status and challenges of organ donation for the paediatric population.     

选择性头部亚低温治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病

目的探讨选择性头部亚低温对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的疗效。方法50例中、重度HIE新生儿随机分为治疗组和对照组各25例。对照组予对症支持治疗，治疗组在此基础上予选择性头部亚低温，持续72h。观察治疗后二组头颅B超大脑中动脉阻力指数（RI）和生后5—7d及28dNBNA评分。结果治疗组与对照组比较总有效率48％（12／25例）vs28％（7／25例），中度HIE有效率68．75％（11／16例）vs41．18％（7／17例），重度HIE有效率11．11％（1／9例）vs0。生后3—4d头颅B超大脑中动脉RI〈0．55的患儿，治疗组与对照组比较总有效率13．33％（2／15例）vs0，R10．55～0．80的总有效率100％（10／10例）vs58．33％（7／12例）。结论选择性头部亚低温做为一种脑保护治疗可被用来治疗新生儿HIE；亚低温对中度HIE治疗可能有效。     

双水平正压通气和经鼻持续气道正压通气在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征撤机后应用的比较

目的探讨重度新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）早产儿撤机后使用双水平正压通气（DuoPAP）和持续气道正压通气（NCPAP）模式相比,是否可以降低撤机失败率。方法选择2012年1—12月入住本院早产儿重症监护病房、胎龄29—34周、需要有创呼吸、并且在生后4周内撤机的重度RDS早产儿,撤机后随机分为DuoPAP组和NCPAP组,若应用这两种方式不能维持则再次气管插管呼吸机辅助呼吸。主要观察指标为撤机失败率、失败原因以及使用无创呼吸支持后1、12、24、48、72h二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、氧分压（PaO2）和氧合指数（OI）。结果共入选69例RDS早产儿,DuoPAP组35例,NCPAP组34例。DuoPAP组与NCPA组比较,撤机失败率降低（11．4％比35．3％）;12、24hOI升高[12h：（228．1±44．4）比（204．2±44．6）,24h：（254．6±39．5）比（230．4±44．4）],PaCO2（mmHg）降低[12h：（35．1±8．3）比（40．5士8．9）,24h：（36．8±8．4）比（42．1±8．8）];12hPaO2（mmHg）升高[（89．0±12．5）比（74．5±13．8）],P均〈0．05。两组总用氧时间、有创呼吸支持时间、气胸、坏死性小肠结肠炎和重度脑室内出血发生率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论与使用NCPAP相比,撤机后使用DuoPAP可明显降低重度RDS患儿撤机失败率,值得推广。     

肛周吹氧后外用云南白药粉治疗新生儿重度臀红

目的观察肛周吹氧后外用云南白药粉治疗新生儿重度臀红的效果。方法将80例重度臀红的患儿,按发现先后顺序分为两组,对照组40例,采用传统方法直接肛周外涂金霉素眼膏治疗;观察组40例,采用肛周吹氧后外用云南白药粉治疗。观察两组的治疗效果及治愈所需时间。结果观察组使用肛周吹氧后外涂云南白药粉比对照组单纯直接肛周外涂金霉素眼膏治疗新生儿重度臀红所需时间缩短、治愈率增高,观察组总有效率为100．0％,对照组的总有效率为42．5％。两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论肛周吹氧后外用云南白药粉治疗新牛儿莺度臀红效果明显。     

四君子汤经不同途径给药对窒息后喂养不耐受新生儿血浆胃动素的影响

目的:观察不同给药途径下四君子汤对窒息后喂养不耐受新生儿血浆胃动素(MTL)的影响.方法:将78例窒息后喂养不耐受新生儿随机分为四君子汤经胃管微量给药组、四君子汤微量灌肠给药组及常规静脉高营养形式喂养的对照组各26例,分别施以四君子汤微量喂养、四君子汤微量灌肠及常规静脉高营养形式喂养,检测治疗前及治疗第1、3、4天患儿...     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清脂联素水平的变化及临床意义

目的探讨血清脂联素水平在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）患儿中的变化及其临床意义。方法应用ELISA法检测90例不同病变程度（轻度组30例,中度组30例,重度组30例）的HIE患儿和30例正常新生儿的血清脂联素水平,并对患儿组在治疗过程中进行血清脂联素水平的动态测定（分别于治疗第7天、第14天和第30天）。结果与对照组比较,HIE患儿的血清脂联素水平明显降低,且病变程度越重下降越明显,其中轻度组下降至（9.97±0.97）mg/L,中度组下降至（9.01±0.32）mg/L,重度组下降至（6.34±1.50）mg/L,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,不同病变程度组间有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。在治疗过程中,随病情的好转,血清脂联素水平有上升的趋势,在治疗第7天、第14天和第30天与第1天相比,脂联素水平持续上升（P〈0.01）,且在治疗第30天与对照组比较,轻度组与中度组与对照组无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,重度组与对照组比较仍有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论HIE患儿的血清脂联素水平与神经系统损伤程度和炎症存在状态呈明显的负相关,连续测定HIE患儿血清脂联素水平,对病情估计、用药指导、疗效观察和预后判断有重要的意义。