Assessing the appropriateness of combining economic data from multinational clinical trials

Because of the potential for large variability among countries in the utilization and cost of health care resources, it is important to assess the appropriateness of combining economic data across the countries in a multinational clinical economic trial. We show how available tests for interaction can be applied to economic endpoints, including cost-effectiveness ratios and net health benefits. This analysis includes a characterization of possible interactions being quantitative or qualitative in nature. In the absence of interaction, a pooled estimate of the economic endpoint should be representative of the participating countries. We explore the analytic issues by further analysing data from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S).     

A framework for cost-effectiveness analysis from clinical trial data

We present a general Bayesian framework for cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) from clinical trial data. This framework allows for very flexible modelling of both cost and efficacy related trial data. A common CEA technique is established for this wide class of models through linking mean efficacy and mean cost to the parameters of any given model. Examples are given in which efficacy may be measured as a continuous, binary, ordinal or time-to-event outcome, and in which costs are modelled as distributed normally, log-normally, as a mixture or non-parametrically. A case study is presented, illustrating the methodology and illuminating the role of prior information.     

Factors affecting renal hydrogen ion excretion capacity in healthy children

In 560 healthy German children and adolescents aged 2.8–22.0 years from the DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study, the relationship between urine pH and renal net acid excretion (mmol/day/1.73 m²) was analysed. A quadratic model showed the best fit (r ²=0.608). Using logistic regression analysis three parameters (urinary phosphorus excretion, total protein intake and urinary ratio of potassium and sodium) had a significant effect on renal hydrogen ion excretion capacity characterised by the probability of high or low net acid excretion with respect to the urine pH value. Urinary osmolality, in contrast to what has been seen in a previous experimental study with low birth weight infants, along with sex and age had no significant independent effects on renal net acid excretion with respect to the urine pH value over the range of osmolalities observed. In healthy children and adolescents a low fluid intake with high urinary osmolality does not at least substantially decrease the renal capacity of hydrogen ion excretion. Received: 7 April 2000 / Revised: 15 December 2000 / Accepted: 15 December 2000     

中央网络监护系统在术后护理中的应用

目的探讨中央监护网络系统在手术后护理中的临床作用。方法总结2320例手术后应用中央监护网络系统的效果。结果应用中央监护网络系统可随时、连续、长时间地监测患者的重要生命体征参数，提高护理质量。结论中央监护网络系统实现多床位集中监护，是术后患者安全的可靠保证，可提高工作效率和护理工作的科学性，值得在临床中推广。     

颅骨缺损修补54例临床分析

目的总结颅骨缺损修补的经验,寻找修补颅骨缺损的最佳材料。方法选择美国WaltrLoranz公司生产的三维钛网01-7251系列或三维钛网HP-1172系列和武汉同济大学生物化工厂生产的仿生人造颅骨应用于临床修补不同大小、不同年龄、不同性别、不同状态下各种原因所致的颅骨缺损患者。结果54例各种原因所致的颅骨缺损患者,全部一次性修补成功。结论修补各种形态、各种原因所致的颅骨缺损材料虽种类较多,但用钛网片方法简单,操作方便,易塑型、易固定、抗压性能强、组织相容性好、并发症极少,对植入者无任何不良影响,是目前多种修补材料中效果最佳、安全性最好、不良反应最少、患者最信得过的一种修补颅骨缺损的特殊材料。     

基于小波网络的非稳态故障诊断方法

针对现有ＢＰ网络在故障诊断中存在的缺陷，提出了利用小波函数构造故障诊断神经元网络，利用变尺度算法进行网络训练，加快了网络的训练速度。并交结果运用到一个ＣＳＴＲ非稳态故障诊断的过程中，仿真实例表明，小波网络较ＢＰ网络具有更好的故障诊断能力。     

HTML和PowerPoint文件类型的课件的功能分析与比较

本文从课件制作、体现知识结构性、版面显示、内容表现形式、动画效果、教案的播放顺序、学生接受情况、文件传播的容易等角度出发,对HTML和PowerPoint文件类型的课件进行功能分析和比较,建议把课件做成HTML类型文件.     

基于通用串行总线的主机与小型医学仪器互连的研究

目的 探讨实现主机与小型医学仪器互连的方法，以便最终实现小型医学仪器的网络化。方法 本文提出了利用通用串行总线（USB）实现主机与小型医学仪器互连的方案，同时解决了此方案中最关键的技术，即如何利用USB总线实现医学仪器的实时数据采集和传输，具体工作包括硬件设计、固体设计、驱动程序设计和应用程序设计。结果 利用USB总线实现了医学信号的实时数据采集和传输，为下一步实现医学仪器与主机互连打下了基础。结论 利用通用串行总线实现主机与小型医学仪器的互连是可行的。     

浅谈医院局域网的安全管理

阐述了医院局域网安全管理的重要性，针对局域网容易受到的安全威胁，提出具体的安全管理措施。