Objective and subjective need for cosmetic dentistry in the Dutch adult population

In order to assess the objective and subjective need for cosmetic dentistry in the Dutch adult population in 1986 a stratified sample of 2784 dentate persons, aged 15-74 yr, participated in the study. The aesthetics of anterior teeth and first premolars in the maxillary mandibular arch were determined by dental examiners as well as by the examinees. According to the dental examiners 16-63% of the people in the age range from 15 to 74 yr were in need of cosmetic dental care. Based on the patient's opinion (subjective need) these percentages varied between 18 and 40% in the different age groups. The discrepancy between the objective and subjective assessment in the percentage of people in need of cosmetic dental care increased with age.     

The experience of dysmenorrhea and its relationship to personality variables

The aims of this study were: to relate women's subjective experience of primary dysmenorrhea to psychogenic needs assessed longitudinally at the age of 15 and at the age of 25 in a nonclinical sample; to compare the psychogenic needs of women with severe primary dysmenorrhea with those of other women who never have experienced dysmenorrhea; and to examine whether women with severe dysmenorrhea were less conventionally feminine than women who never have experienced dysmenorrhea. At 25 years, 42% of the women experienced dysmenorrhea and 15% experienced pain that limited their daily activity. Differences in psychogenic needs according to the Cesarec Marke Personality Schedule and in psychological masculinity and femininity according to the Attitude Interest Schedule were found in women with severe primary dysmenorrhea compared with women who never experienced dysmenorrhea. The results indicate that women with severe dysmenorrhea have less self-esteem at 15 years, but compensate for this at 25 years by being more achievement-oriented and aggressive than women who never experienced dysmenorrhea. Further, women with severe dysmenorrhea are more conventionally feminine than women who never have experienced dysmenorrhea.     

Prevalence of malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment in Saudi Arabia

Abstract The prevalence of different malocclusion features was investigated in 500 14-yr-old male Saudi Arabian children, using a modification of the registration method described by Björk . et al. (3). Most of the children were in dental stage DS4 (all permanent teeth anterior to the first molars erupted). Totally 62.4% of the children had one or more malocclusion features related to dentition, occlusion, or space. The treatment need was evaluated according to the guidelines used in the Norwegian Health Service. About 40% were found to need treatment with fixed appliances, and for 33% extraction of permanent teeth would be part of the treatment. Only about 2.5% would benefit from treatment with simple removable appliances.     

Comparison of user assessed needs for care between psychiatric inpatients and supported community residents

The aim of the present study was to compare user assessed needs for care for psychiatric patients in inpatient settings with that of residents in supported community residences. The Camberwell Assessment of Need was administered to 75 patients and residents in different housing settings. Residents in supported community settings had more needs for care (8.1), than patients in inpatient settings (5.8), partly because of differences in duration of illness. A greater proportion of those living in supported community residences reported needs in the areas of psychotic symptoms, accommodation, food, daytime activities, sexual expression and looking after the home. There were no differences in numbers of unmet needs. Relatives and friends provided emotional and social support predominantly in the areas of company and psychological distress. In conclusion, living in supported community residences does not imply more unmet needs, or less adequate response to needs from services, despite a greater number of needs being reported. In some areas of need, relatives and friends play an important role in the provision of support.     

The care needs of older patients with bipolar disorder

Objectives: With aging, bipolar disorder evolves into a more complex illness, with increasing cognitive impairment, somatic comorbidity, and polypharmacy. To tailor treatment of these patients, it is important to study their needs, as having more unmet needs is a strong predictor of a lower quality of life.

Method: Seventy-eight Dutch patients with bipolar I or II disorder aged 60 years and older in contact with mental health services were interviewed using the Camberwell Assessment of Need in the Elderly (CANE) to assess met and unmet needs, both from a patient and a staff perspective.

Results: Patients (mean age 68 years, range 61–98) reported a mean of 4.3 needs compared to 4.4 reported by staff, of which 0.8 were unmet according to patients and 0.5 according to staff. Patients frequently rated company and daytime activities as unmet needs. More current mood symptoms were associated with a higher total number of needs. Less social participation was associated with a higher total number of needs and more unmet needs.

Conclusion: Older bipolar patients report fewer needs and unmet needs compared to older patients with depression, schizophrenia, and dementia. A plausible explanation is that older bipolar patients had higher Global Assessment of Functioning scores, were better socially integrated, and had fewer actual mood symptoms, all of which correlated with the number of needs in this study. The results emphasize the necessity to assess the needs of bipolar patients with special attention to social functioning, as it is suggested that staff fail to recognize or anticipate these needs.     

综合性医院儿科住院患儿家属对医院需求的调查分析

目的调查综合性医院儿科住院患儿家属对医院的需求，寻求更人性化服务的方式。方法对255例住院患儿家长进行问卷调查。结果对医院设施和管理、对疾病相关内容的了解、对医生护士的要求、对健康教育进行了排序。结论根据排序的结果，寻求最需解决的问题来提高儿科住院患儿家长的满意度。     

Entry regulation and the effect of public reporting: Evidence from Home Health Compare

Economic theory suggests that competition and information are complementary tools for promoting health care quality. The existing empirical literature has documented this effect only in the context of competition among existing firms. Extending this literature, we examine competition driven by the entry of new firms into the home health care industry. In particular, we use the certificate of need (CON) law as a proxy for the entry of firms to avoid potential endogeneity of entry. We find that home health agencies in non‐CON states improved quality under public reporting significantly more than agencies in CON states. Because home health care is a labor‐intensive and capital‐light industry, the state CON law is a major barrier for new firms to enter. Our findings suggest that policymakers may jointly consider information disclosure and entry regulation to achieve better quality in home health care.     

需要层次护理对卵巢囊肿患者术后自护能力及恢复的影响

目的探讨需要层次理论对卵巢囊肿手术患者术后自护能力及恢复的影响。方法将80例卵巢囊肿手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用需要层次护理,比较2组术后自护能力及恢复情况。结果观察组护理后在自我概念、自我责任、自我护理技能与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后肛门排气的时间、排便时间、离床活动时间、住院时间、术后并发症均与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论需要层次护理能够满足卵巢囊肿患者身心需要,提高患者术后的自护能力,加快术后康复。