Individual difference in the number of chewing strokes and its determinant factors

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution and individual variation of the number of chewing strokes before last swallowing (NCS), as well as to assess the factors that affect NCS, when dentulous adults masticate the same type of food. NCS was measured in 75 dentulous adults using gummy candies. Measurements were repeated five times to obtain the average and variation. Moreover, the correlation of NCS with various physiological factors (lateral width and vertical distance of chewing loop, angle of opening and closing path, opening and closing time, occlusal time, masticatory performance, number of occlusal contact points, occlusal contact area, occlusal force, flow rate of whole saliva and viscosity of whole saliva) and 28 personality factors were analysed by both of the single variate analysis and the multivariate analysis. The results showed that the average NCS was 41.0 +/- 16.0, and the coefficient of variation was 0.090 +/- 0.040. Additionally, the correlation between NCS and each factor was investigated, and found that any of these factors did not function as a single determinant for NCS. Following, determinant factors were further examined by the stepwise method of linear multiple regression analysis. From these analysis we found that when opening and closing time and four personality factors were combined, they were significantly involved in determining NCS (P < 0.01). Therefore, we conclude that individual NCS until last swallowing is not determined by a sole, specific physiological factor but is affected by multiple factors including personality.     

影响体外冲击波碎石效果的多因素分析

目的 分析多种因素对体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）效果的影响,为尿路结石患者选择适当的治疗方法提供依据.方法 随访我院2005年11月至2006年3月之间进行ESWL治疗的113例患者,其中31例随访丢失,参与统计分析共72例,包括液电27例和电磁波45例.应用Logistic多元线性回归方法进行统计学分析.结果 本组72例共ESWL治疗137次,随访2～12周,平均8周.其中41例（56.9%）结石完全粉碎排空,30例（41.7%）结石不完全粉碎,1例（1.4%）患者碎石失败转为开放手术.多元Logistic回归分析表明在各因素中,只有结石大小（X5）、结石位置（X6）、冲击波源（X8）对ESWL治疗效果具有统计学意义.碎石效果指数PI=16.13-3.20X5-1.31X6-3.31X8,PI越大,表示治疗成功的概率越大.结论 体外冲击波碎石对泌尿系结石的治疗是安全且有效的.分析表明,结石直径越小,位置越低,越易排出;在相同结石条件下液电冲击波较电磁波的碎石效果要好.我们的统计分析模型可以对特定性状的结石计算出其碎石治疗成功的概率,有利于根据患者的具体情况在临床选择个体化的治疗方案.     

安徽省军队离退休干部的生活满意度及影响因素

[目的]探讨安徽省军队离退休干部的生活满意度及其影响因素。[方法]采用问卷和体格检查相结合的方法对767名离退休干部进行现况调查。[结果]安徽省军队离退休干部生活满意度较高，生活满意度良好的占59.97％。子女孝顺、营养状况、所里诊断水平、日常生活能力、经济收入、婚姻状况、睡眠情况等是生活满意度的影响因素。[结论]军队干休所医疗卫生工作不仅要放在医疗保健上，而且应重视加强社会、家庭对老年人的关爱和支持。     

木犀草素在导电聚合物膜修饰电极上的电催化性能及其测定

目的:研究木犀草素在4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)导电聚合膜修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为,建立测定木犀草素含量的电化学分析新方法。方法:采用循环伏安法研究木犀草素在导电聚合膜修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其电极反应机理,以差示脉冲伏安法建立了检测木犀草素含量的电化学分析新方法。结果:在磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 4.0)中,在-0.2～+0.8 V范围内木犀草素在PAR膜修饰电极表面是受吸附控制,发生准可逆单电子转移电极反应过程,电子转移系数α=0.47;在导电聚合膜厚度为40圈(100mV.s-1),富集电位-0.2 V,富集时间180 s,利用差示脉冲伏安法可测得其氧化峰电流Ip与浓度分别在3.0×10-8～1.0×10-6mol·L-1内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8mol·L-1。结论:本法操作简单、快速、灵敏、准确,并可为木犀草素的质量控制提供科学依据。     

线性回归分析中异常点的诊断统计量

在线性回归分析中，可将观察资料中出现的离群点分为高杠杆点和异常点。t分布化普通残差及t分布化预报残差对捡出资料中的异常点部不理想。作者提出用残差平方和减少量及由此导出的偏F检验作为检验异常点的统计量。这一统计量也适用于诊断非线性回归中的资料异常点。文中用实例对这一统计量作了详细说明。     

Differentiating benign from malignant cardiac tumors with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Background

The purpose of this analysis is to describe the differences in cardiac magnetic resonance characteristics between benign and malignant tumors, which would be helpful for surgical planning.

Regression splines in the time-dependent coefficient rates model for recurrent event data

Many epidemiologic studies involve the occurrence of recurrent events and much attention has been given for the development of modeling techniques that take into account the dependence structure of multiple event data. This paper presents a time-dependent coefficient rates model that incorporates regression splines in its estimation procedure. Such methods would be appropriate in situations where the effect of an exposure or covariates changes over time in recurrent event data settings. The finite sample properties of the estimators are studied via simulation. Using data from a randomized community trial that was designed to evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation on recurrent diarrheal episodes in small children, we model the functional form of the treatment effect on the time to the occurrence of diarrhea. The results describe how this effect varies over time. In summary, we observed a major impact of the vitamin A supplementation on diarrhea after 2 months of the dosage, with the effect diminishing after the third dosage. The proposed method can be viewed as a flexible alternative to the marginal rates model with constant effect in situations where the effect of interest may vary over time.     

某医院神经内科重症患者医院感染的发生情况及影响因素分析

目的 了解某医院神经内科重症患者医院感染的发生情况,并分析医院感染的影响因素。方法 选择247例神经内科重症患者作为研究对象,根据是否发生医院感染分为医院感染组和非医院感染组,通过回顾性调查和实验室检查,采用logistic回归分析确定神经内科重症患者医院感染发生的影响因素。结果 某医院所有研究对象中,共计43例重症患者发生医院感染,感染率为17.41%,感染部位以呼吸系统（24例,占比55.82%）和泌尿系统（13例,占比30.23%）为主。Logistic回归分析结果发现神经内科重症患者医院感染的独立危险因素包括年龄≥60岁（OR=2.056,95%CI:1.056～4.004）、有意识障碍（OR=3.025,95%CI:1.202～7.615）、使用呼吸机（OR=1.476,95%CI:1.031～2.112）、住院时间≥2周（OR=1.754,95%CI:1.057～2.883）、TP<70g/L（OR=2.469,95%CI:1.132～5.387）和ALB<25g/L（OR=2.312,95%CI:1.130～4.728）（OR=2.312,95%CI:1.130～4.728）（P均<0.05）。结论 某医院神经内科重症患者医院感染的发生率较高,以呼吸系统和泌尿系统感染为主,年龄≥60岁、有意识障碍、使用呼吸机、住院时间≥2周、TP和ALB指标偏低常是独立危险因素。     

加减二仙汤治疗阴虚阳亢型围绝经期高血压病的临床观察

目的:观察加减二仙汤治疗阴虚阳亢型围绝经期高血压病妇女的临床疗效。方法:将48例围绝经期高血压病患者随机分为治疗组(n=25)和对照组(n=23),对照组给予福辛普利钠片口服,治疗组在对照组基础上给予加减二仙汤口服,疗程为4周。观察并比较两组患者的中医证候积分及血压,检测患者的血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)及黄体生成素(LH)的水平。结果:治疗后,治疗组患者的中医证候积分显著降低(P0.05),且两组患者治疗前后积分差值比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的收缩压与舒张压均显著下降(P0.05),且治疗组患者的收缩压较对照组降低更加明显(P0.05);治疗组患者的E2水平显著升高(P0.05),且两组患者的AngⅡ、E2、LH治疗前后差值比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:加减二仙汤治疗围绝经期高血压病具有协同降压作用,同时能够改善患者的雌激素水平及中医证候。     

Scientific evidence for traditional claim of anti-obesity activity of Tecomella undulata bark

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The bark of Tecomella undulata is traditionally claimed in the treatment of various disease ailments including obesity and cancer. Till now there are no studies about anti-obesity activity of Tecomella undulata bark.

Aim of the study

The present study was aimed to establish a scientific evidence for anti-obesity efficiency of ethyl acetate extract of Tecomella undulata bark (EATUB). Further to standardize the active fractions of EATUB using different biomarkers.

Materials and methods

We investigated activity of EATUB fractions (F1–F7) using 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Further, F1-mediated effects were characterized by determining mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1, one of the key targets for the treatment of obesity, using semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. The consequences of modulation of SIRT1 on mRNA and protein levels of various adipogenesis mediators like PPARγ, C/EBPα, E2F1, leptin, adiponectin and LPL were also studied. In vivo studies were performed using High Fat Diet (HFD) obese mice.

Results

Our data showed that compared to controls, preadipocytes and adipocytes incubated with F1 exhibited a significant decrease in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In addition, sqRT-PCR and western blot analysis showed significant increase in SIRT1 and adiponectin levels and decrease in PPARγ, C/EBPα, E2F1, leptin and LPL levels in preadipocytes and adipocytes. In vivo studies of F1 in HFD induced obese mice showed significant improvement in lipid profile and glucose levels. The bioactive fraction (F1) was determined to possess 4.95% of ferulic acid.

Conclusion

Thus, our findings signified the beneficial effects of Tecomella undulata bark in pharmacologic interventions related to obesity and metabolic disorders. Ferulic acid and rutin are being reported and quantified for the first time from the bark of Tecomella undulata.