改革教学方法,提高医学微生物学实验教学质量

医学微生物学实验是医学微生物学教学的重要组成部分,是理论与实践研究的技术基础。为了提高医学微生物学实验教学质量,使学生更好地掌握实验操作技能和理论知识,培养具有创新能力的专业人才,对实验课教学内容、教学手段以及实验准备等方面进行了改革和初步探讨。     

不同微生物等级控制Wistar大鼠部分生物学特性比较

目的:了解不同微生物控制程度(屏障环境和普通环境)对Wistar大鼠的部分生物学特性的影响。方法:40只SPF级Wistar大鼠分别饲养于屏障环境和普通环境内,每周测量体重,35 d后,测定15项血液学指标、14项血液生化指标和9个脏器的相对重量。结果:屏障环境内的Wistar大鼠体重增长明显快于饲养于普通环境的大鼠,普通环境饲养大鼠的血液RBC、WBC、PCT、PLT、GOT、GGT、GPT、CK、TB值高于屏障环境大鼠(P(0.05),而CHO、LDL-C和HDL-C值低于屏障环境大鼠(P(0.05),各脏器相对重量除肾外未见明显差异;结论:饲养于屏障环境和普通环境的Wistar大鼠在体重增长、血液学和血清生化指标等生物学特性存在显著差异。     

密切结合临床提高临床微生物学教学质量

临床微生物学综合了临床医学、医学微生物学和免疫学、临床抗生素学和医院流行病学等方面的知识和技能,既是一门重要的医学基础课,又与其他临床学科有着非常紧密的联系。因此,在教学中,有必要提高学生对微生物专业的了解和认识,在教学中突出微生物检验的临床特色;在教学实习中切实加强临床和微生物检验的密切联系;同时加强临床微生物科专业知识的更新;最后,利用计算机辅助多媒体教学方法全面提高临床微生物学的教学质量。     

医学微生物学课件的制作与使用

本文阐述了医学微生物学课件的制作和使用。从素材收集、文本输入等方面介绍了微生物学课件的制作方法,并指出了在使用课件时的一些注意事项,从而提高学生的学习兴趣,收到良好的教学效果。     

探索研究型的本科生微生物学教学改革的体会

通过建立科研小组,探讨"开放式,研究型"微生物学教学模式,激发同学们参与研究的积极性,拓展学生的知识结构,培养学生的创新意识、创新思维及创新能力,为把学生培养成厚基础、强能力、高素质的实用型人才打下基础。     

外科感染的病原菌调查与分析

目的研究外科感染中常见的微生物种类和分布，为临床明确诊断以及合理应用抗生素提供必要的依据。方法应用标准的微生物方法检测了脓肿、继发性腹膜炎、坏死性筋膜炎和坏死性组织创口4类外科脓液标本的微生物分布，并同时进行需氧菌和厌氧菌的检测。结果外科感染通常有包括需氧菌和厌氧菌的多种菌。被分离出的常见细菌为大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、克雷伯菌属某些种、铜绿色假单胞、脆弱类杆菌和消化链球菌某些种。结论在外科感染治疗中，对金黄色葡萄球菌、革兰氏阴性需氧菌及厌氧菌等不同病原菌的感染应采取与其相适应的治疗策略。     

眼表的微生物学

从正常眼表分离的菌丛多为细菌,很少能分离到真菌、病毒和原生动物.从结膜最常分离的细菌包括少量的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和类白喉菌属.配戴接触镜个体、HIV阳性个体和免疫缺陷患者的菌丛与正常人相似.慢性眼病患者常携带有更多致病性细菌.几乎所有个体（包括正常个体和患病个体）的正常菌丛都来自于身体其他部位的扩散.     

The effect of zirconia and titanium surfaces on biofilm formation and on host-derived immunological parameters

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of zirconia and titanium surfaces on biofilm formation and host-derived parameters. Studies comparing zirconia and titanium surfaces were selected up to September 1, 2019. The outcome measures were surface roughness, contact angle, bacterial count, bacterial adherence, biofilm thickness, bacterial distribution, and specifically investigated biofilm and specific host-derived immunological parameters. Random-effects meta-analyses of in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. A total of 39 studies were included for data extraction. In the systematic review data, 10 studies stated that zirconia accumulated less initial oral biofilm parameters, 16 investigations showed negligible inter-material differences, and only one study showed that zirconia attracted the most biofilm. However, in the meta-analysis, the bacterial coverage was found to be significantly superior for zirconia surfaces (P <  0.00001); the other outcome measures did not show any statistically significant differences between zirconia and titanium for the remaining parameters and the studies presented a substantial degree of heterogeneity. Overall, on the basis of the meta-analysis, the current data situation does not allow a clear preference for the use of zirconia or titanium.     

European quality clearance of new microbiological diagnostics

Laboratory-based diagnosis of infectious diseases is evolving quickly. New technologies and new tests are frequently commercialized, and although guidelines for their proper clinical validation do exist, these are often at the national or regional level. Therefore, the guidelines remain open to interpretation, and are not always applied properly. One of the main questions is how a high level of test quality can be maintained by European legislation. How can product quality be reliably and independently assessed and how can the penetration of sub-standard assays in the European market be managed and hopefully prevented? We here propose that local initiatives, including external quality assessment, public health initiatives, and close multidisciplinary collaborations between manufacturers and academic research institutes, may accelerate decision-making. Vigilance in test quality assessment and legal simplification are important key concepts warranting selective use of those diagnostic tests that comply with the highest quality standards.