碘帕醇注射液重金属检查方法的改进

目的:改进碘帕醇注射液的重金属检查方法方法:将碘帕醇注射液水浴蒸干后,采用《中国药典》2010年版部附录VIII H重金属检查第二法检查.结果:碘帕醇注射液的原辅料均不干扰重金属的检查,6批样品含重金属均低于百万分之二十,符合国家标准的规定结论:本法无干扰,适用于碘帕醇注射液的重金属检查.     

Diet and Blood Concentrations of Essential and Non-Essential Elements among Rural Residents in Arctic Russia

Nutrition is an essential factor for human health. Earlier research has suggested that Arctic residents are vulnerable to environmental toxic exposures through traditional foods. Although Russia is the largest Arctic country, the evidence on the topic from the Russian part of the Arctic is scarce. We studied associations between blood concentrations of essential and non-essential elements and traditional food consumption in 297 adults from seven rural settlements in the Nenets Autonomous Area, Northwest Russia. Blood arsenic concentration was positively associated with consumption of rainbow smelt, pink salmon, Arctic char and navaga fish. Frequent consumption of northern pike was associated with increased concentration of blood mercury. Blood mercury and arsenic concentrations were significantly associated with blood selenium. We also observed positive associations between blood lead levels and the frequency of goose consumption. Moreover, subjects who reported to be hunters had higher blood levels of lead, suggesting contamination of goose meat with fragments of shotgun shells. Blood cobalt and manganese concentrations were inversely associated with serum ferritin levels. Positive associations between blood levels of manganese and lead were observed. Moreover, blood lead concentrations were significantly associated with cadmium, mercury, copper, and zinc. Our results corroborate earlier findings on the traditional foods as source of non-essential elements for the Arctic residents. Observed correlations between the levels of lead and other elements warrant further research and may have potential implications for the studies on the associations between essential elements and health outcomes.     

不同产地三叶青中重金属和有机氯类农药残留的分析

目的检测不同产地三叶青Tetrastigmahemsleyanum中重金属元素Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu和16种有机氯类农药残留。方法采用ICP-MS法测定不同产地三叶青中5种重金属元素的含量,气相色谱法测定有机氯类农药残留。结果样品中Pb≤4.1677 mg/kg,Cd≤0.194 6 mg/kg,As≤0.455 0 mg/kg,Hg≤0.042 4 mg/kg,Cu≤7.892 5 mg/kg,样品中有机氯农药残留较低。结论三叶青药材重金属和有机氯类农药残留符合《中国药典》限量要求;该方法简便、高效,可作为三叶青的安全性评价。     

Ultrafine-Grained Zn–Mg–Sr Alloy Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

Zinc materials are considered promising candidates for bioabsorbable medical devices used for the fixation of broken bones or stents. Materials for these applications must meet high mechanical property requirements. One of the ways to fulfil these demands is related to microstructure refinement, particularly the decrease in grain size. In the present work, we combine two powder metallurgy techniques (mechanical alloying—MA, and spark plasma sintering—SPS) to prepare Zn–1Mg–0.5Sr nanograin material. The microstructure of compacted material consisted of Zn grains and particles of Mg₂Zn₁₁ intermetallic phases from 100 to 500 nm in size, which resulted in high values of hardness and a compressive strength equal to 86 HV1 and 327 MPa, respectively. In this relation, the combination of the suggested techniques provides an innovative way to form extremely fine microstructures without significant coarsening during powder compaction at increased temperatures.     

Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Newly Developed Zn-Mg-CaO Composite

In this study, the Zn-0.8Mg-0.28CaO wt.% composite was successfully prepared using different conditions of ball milling (rotations and time) followed by a direct extrusion process. These materials were characterized from the point of view of microstructure and compressive properties, and the correlation between those characteristics was found. Microstructures of individual materials possessed differences in grain size, where the grain size decreased with the intensified conditions (milling speed and time). However, the mutual relation between grain size and compressive strength was not linear. This was caused by the effect of other factors, such as texture, intermetallic phases, and pores. Material texture affects the mechanical properties by a different activity ratio between basal and pyramidal <c + a> slips. The properties of intermetallic particles and pores were determined in material volume using micro-computed tomography (µCT), enhancing the precision of our assumptions compared with commonly applied methods. Based on that, and the analysis after the compressive tests, we were able to determine the influence of aspect ratio, feret diameters, and volume content of intermetallic phases and pores on mechanical behavior. The influence of the aspects on mechanical behavior is described and discussed.     

Minimization of Adverse Effects Associated with Dental Alloys

Metal alloys are one of the most popular materials used in current dental practice. In the oral cavity, metal structures are exposed to various mechanical and chemical factors. Consequently, metal ions are released into the oral fluid, which may negatively affect the surrounding tissues and even internal organs. Adverse effects associated with metallic oral appliances may have various local and systemic manifestations, such as mouth burning, potentially malignant oral lesions, and local or systemic hypersensitivity. However, clear diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for adverse effects associated with dental alloys have not been developed yet. The present comprehensive literature review aims (1) to summarize the current information related to possible side effects of metallic oral appliances; (2) to analyze the risk factors aggravating the negative effects of dental alloys; and (3) to develop recommendations for diagnosis, management, and prevention of pathological conditions associated with metallic oral appliances.     

我国47种中药材中重金属含量分析与数据挖掘

目的：分析中药材中重金属的富集特征,预测不同中药材入药部位重金属的含量,为进一步解析中药材重金属富集机制及制定相关标准提供依据。方法：从1998—2023年发表的238篇文献中筛选出47种中药材,采用R语言和Python进行数据预处理、单变量和多变量分析,对5种重金属含量进行数据挖掘。依据国际标准化组织（ISO）国际标准《中医药-中药材重金属限量》评估铅、汞、砷、镉含量,并参考《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》对铜含量进行评估,采用随机森林回归模型预测不同入药部位的5种重金属含量。结果：47种中药材中重金属含量为铜>铅>汞>砷>镉,超标率为铜>镉>汞>砷>铅。入药部位为干燥地上部分、干燥菌核、干燥果穗和干燥树皮的中药材中重金属超标情况较为严重。除北京、重庆、广西、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和新疆的中药材中未发现重金属超标外,全国其他地区均存在中药材中重金属超标现象。随机森林回归模型在预测不同入药部位镉、汞和砷含量时显示出较高的准确性。结论：中药材中重金属污染使中医药产业发展存在潜在风险,需要加强对中药材中重金属富集机制的研究。机器学习技术在中药...     

ICP-MS测定诃子炮制前后无机元素含量及安全性评价

目的 建立诃子生品及清炒、麸煨、砂烫、烘制4种炮制品中26个无机元素的分析方法,对其中重金属及有害元素进行健康风险评估。方法 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,以铑和铼为内标,通过标准曲线法测定诃子中的26个元素;采用危害指数（HI）法和暴露限值（MOE）法进行健康风险评估。结果 26个元素的标准曲线线性关系良好,仪器检出限为0.000 2~0.434 2 μg·kg^–1,加样回收率为83.21%~116.84%。诃子炮制前后无机元素差异明显,部分重金属及有害元素所致健康风险较低。结论 该方法简便、准确,适用于诃子中无机元素的含量测定,为其重金属及有害元素健康风险评估提供了参考。     

白龟山水库水产动物食物重金属富集调查

目的通过对白龟山水库水产动物的体内重金属的测定，了解白龟山水库水产动物的重金属富集状况，为安全食用水产动物提供科学依据。方法根据食物链结构采集食物链各层级的水产动物样品，并对其体内的三种重金属铅（Pb）镉（Cd）砷（As）的含量进行检测，所得结果进行统计分析。结论白龟山水库各种水产生物体内重金属含量未超过国家食品卫生标准。     

微波消解-ICP-MS同时测定安息香中5种重金属及有害元素

目的：建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定安息香中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)和铜(Cu)的含量,并分析我国4个药材市场所售安息香药材含重金属及有害元素情况。方法：安息香药材加入硝酸-过氧化氢溶液,采用微波消解法进行前处理,选取锗(Ge)、铟(In)、铋(Bi)元素作为内标,采用ICP-MS同时测定Pb、Cd、As、Hg和Cu 5种重金属及有害元素含量。结果：5种元素在所选质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数≥0.999 6。各元素回收率为80.89%～102.70%,检出限为0.001 8～0.017 3 mg·kg^–1。对重复性、精密度进行考察,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.0%。测定32批安息香药材中5种重金属及有害元素平均含量顺序为Pb>Cu>Hg>As>Cd,其中Hg的检出率为100%。结论：该方法操作简单、分析快速、灵敏度和准确度高,可检测安息香药材中重金属及有害元素的含量,适用于安息香药材的质量控制。