经尿道等离子双极汽化电切(TUPKVP)治疗前列腺增生症580例

目的:探讨经尿道等离子前列腺双极汽化电切术(TUPKVP)治疗前列腺增生的效果。方法:回顾性分析580例良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者行TUPKVP的临床资料。结果:中转开放手术2例,切除前列腺组织10~80 g,平均32.5 g。手术时间25~150 min,平均60 min,术中输血10例,无电切综合征(TURS)发生。术后随访2~36个月,患者最大尿流率升高,IPSS症状评分值降低,排尿通畅,疗效好,并发症少。结论:TUPKVP出血少,手术安全,疗效确切,是治疗前列腺增生的有效方法。     

先天性肾上腺皮质增生伴睾丸间质细胞腺瘤性增生一例报告并文献复习

目的提高对先灭性肾上腺皮质增生伴睾丸间质细胞腺瘤性增生的认识。方法总结1例先天性肾上隙皮质增生伴睾丸间质细胞腺瘤性增生患者资料。患者，男，25岁。以双侧睾丸结节就诊。查体见双侧睾丸、附睾结节感，右睾丸增大，表面凹凸不平，质地硬。实验审检查睾酮（T）18．7nmol／L、17α-羟化酶（17α-（OH）P）〉20．0ng／ml、快速ACTH兴奋试验阳性、中剂量地塞米松抑制试验阳性。B超提示双睾丸弥漫性病变合并部分占位，示双侧肾上腺皮质增生。睾丸活枪结果为间质细胞增生结节，免疫组化α-inhibin（＋）。结果结合病史、实验室、影像学及病理学检查诊断为先大性肾上腺皮质增生伴睾丸间质细胞腺瘤性增生。口服氢化可的松替代治疗，40mg／d，2周后30mg／d维持治疗，8个月后超声检查双侧睾丸结节消退。随访2年，肿物无复发。结论双侧睾丸肿块应结合病史和内分泌检查除外先天性肾上腺皮质增生伴睾凡间质细胞腺瘤性增生，经口服皮质激素替代治疗，激素敏感型睾丸间质细胞腺瘤性增生可以消退。     

内皮素-1及受体基因在良性前列腺增生组织中的表达及意义

目的　探讨内皮素 1(ET 1)及受体A、B(ETAR、ETBR)在良性前列腺增生 (BPH)组织中的表达及意义。　方法　应用免疫组化和RT PCR方法检测前列腺组织ET 1及ETAR、ETBRmRNA的表达 ,并与患者临床参数行相关分析。　结果　ET 1、ETARmRNA和ETBRmRNA在BPH组织中的表达 (吸光度A值分别为 0 .94± 0 .0 8、0 .6 4± 0 .0 8、0 .97± 0 .0 8)与正常前列腺组织(0 .5 7± 0 .0 6、0 .37± 0 .0 5、0 .5 1± 0 .0 4 )相比 ,差别均有显著性意义 ,P均 <0 .0 5 ,其中ET 1、ETARmRNA与IPSS、前列腺体积、前列腺尿道长度、前列腺尿道压、最大尿道压呈正相关 ,与最大尿流率、平均尿流率呈负相关。　结论　ET 1和ETAR在BPH中的表达量与膀胱出口梗阻严重程度密切相关。     

乳腺导管扩张症的诊断与鉴别(附6例临床病理报道)

本文对6例乳腺导管扩张症进行了临床病理报道,6例术前皆被误诊乳腺其他疾病,根据此种情况作了如何正确诊断的阐述.提出了常见误诊病例如何鉴别。     

Mouse mammary tumor virus and mammary tumorigenesis in wild mice

The current knowledge of the distribution of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) proviral genomes and the mechanism of mammary tumorigenesis by MMTV in mice, with the main emphasis on Asian feral mice, is reviewed. The relevant earlier discoveries on the mode of MMTV transmission are summarized to provide an outline of the biology of MMTV. Finally, the viral etiology of human breast cancer will be discussed.     

以循证医学的理念观察颈椎综合征的MRI图像

目的鉴于MRI对组织的高分辨性能,利用该图像观察颈椎综合征患者的椎管外组织的病理状况.方法54例患者,其中男30例,女24例,分为2组.观察组44例颈椎综合征患者,对照组10例颈部外伤和三叉神经痛患者.通过常规的MRI矢状位及横轴位颈椎图像,比较两组软组织增生情况.结果与结论在颈椎综合征MRI的颈椎及上段胸椎棘突后侧,均可观察到不同程度的慢性纤维性变化,与对照组比较,有可比性.提示临床上颈椎综合征多与颈肩区筋膜炎、棘突炎相关,属于无菌性炎症,其慢性阶段,局部发生了纤维增生性改变.建议在观察分析此种病症的颈椎骨质及椎间盘改变的同时,宜重视棘突后侧的纤维性变化,有利于病理病因的研究.     

Is the carbohydrate sialosyl-Tn a marker for altered,non-malignant activity in squamous epithelium in the head and neck region?

Cell surface carbohydrates are involved in many cell functions such as cellular differentiation, adhesion, and invasion. A carbohydrate, sialosyl-Tn (STn), is expressed in many human carcinomas but generally not in normal epithelia. In the oral mucosa, however, STn had recently been observed on basal cell in some lesions with epithelial hyperplasia and dysplasia. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic investigation of STn expression on epithelial basal cells in hyperplastic, ‘borderline’ malignant, and malignant head and neck lesions, to see if the expression of STn is associated specifically with hyperplastic conditions. Using the primary monoclonal antibody TKH2, normal controls did not reveal STn. STn was detected on probably post-mitotic basal cells in hyperplastic head and neck lesions and on basal cells adjacent to cancers, but not within the carcinomas. A Ki67 antibody reacted with basal cells in other locations. The most highly differentiated lesions, such as focal epithelial hyperplasia and verrucous hyperplasia, revealed a high percentage (86 per cent in both cases) of STn reactivity. The least-differentiated verrucous carcinomas (VCs) and keratoacanthomas (KAs) did not express STn, in contrast to the highly differentiated VCs and KAs. These findings indicate that STn-negative cases may have a greater malignant potential that the STn-positive cases. In conclusion, STn expressed on basal cells is possibly a marker for non-malignant conditions with altered basal cell activity and for highly differentiated verrucous carcinomas.     

Electron microscopic studies of endocrine hyperplasia in duodenal adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis

Summary Electron microscopical studies on endocrine cell hyperplasia of duodenal adenomas from five patients with familial adenomatous polyposis were performed. All the endocrine cell types normally found in the duodenal mucosa were identified. A constant feature was proliferation of duodenal-enterochromaffin cells but an increase in the number of all other endocrine cell types apart from pyloricgastrin cells and somatostatin cells, was also observed. Certain types of intestinal endocrine cells (the intestinal enterochromaffin cell and the glicentin cell) are rare cells in the normal duodenal mucosa. The finding of these cells may indicate increased biological aggressivity.     

Use of serum-free hormonally defined media to evaluate the effects of growth factors and inhibitors on proliferation of estrogen-responsive mammary and pituitary tumor cells in culture

Summary Serum-free defined media have been developed for assay of the mitogenic effects of growth factors on human MCF-7, human T-47D, and mouse COMMA-D mammary cells as well as for identification of mitogens and inhibitors of GH₄C₁ rat pituitary tumor cell growth. These lines were shown to grow in vivo in response to a variety of hormones including estrogens and thyroid hormones. With mammary cells, complete hormonally and nutritionally defined media were established that supported continuous passage at 50 to 90% of the serum stimulated rate. The strategy used to measure mitogens for mammary cells was to identify nutritional conditions where the growth rate was reduced greatly without impairing the response to picomolar to nanomolar concentration of growth factors. The effects of polypeptide growth factors and tissue extracts were estimated by their addition to basal medium and measuring cell number increases or labeled thymidine incorporation into DNA. In a variation of this methodology, the MTW9/PL2 rat mammary cells were used to identify secreted autocrine growth factors; nutritionally defined conditions were sought for growth of these rat cells in the complete absence of exogenous growth factors. The factors secreted into the medium were detected by bioassays with COMMA-D or MCF-7 mammary cell lines. The effects of growth factors-inhibitors on pituitary cells were measured by a related method; the GH₄C₁ cells were grown at less than optimal rates in a defined medium designated TRM-1. Addition of mitogens to TRM-1 stimulated pituitary cell growth whereas addition of inhibitors caused reduced levels of growth. The methods described in this report offer new means of assaying growth factors-inhibitors for a range of mammary and pituitary tumor cells.     

Possible pathways of circulation of human endogenous retrovirus similar to mouse mammary tumor virus

It is shown that polypeptides which are immunologically related to gp52 mammary tumor virus are found in T and B peripheral blood lymphocytes in all breast cancer patients, in children with B-cell lymphosarcomas, and in B lymphocytes of some healthy donors. These proteins are not found in patients with tumors of other sites. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 11, pp.554–556, November, 1995 Presented by Yu. N. Solov'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences