Scaphoid fracture geometrics: an assessment of location and orientation

The location and angle of scaphoid fractures are important attributes which guide management. We used a 3 dimensional scaphoid model, generated from CT scans, to map scaphoid fracture planes. The point at which the fracture plane crossed the central axis of the scaphoid was noted. The angle of the fracture planes with regard to the central axis was also noted. This allowed calculation of the location of the fracture and the angle of the 379 fractures. The mean point of intersection for fractures with the scaphoid axis was 50% along the scaphoid. Sixty percent of all fractures were found around the central 20% of the scaphoid. The mean angle between the scaphoid axis and the fracture plane was 63 degrees). On comparing angle with location, as fractures move away from the scaphoid waist, they become less perpendicular to the scaphoid axis (p?p?p?p?=?.018). There was no link between fracture plane angles and age, sex and union status. Most fractures occur at the centre of the scaphoid. There is a link between the location and angle of scaphoid fractures. It also identifies older patients and males are more likely to have more proximal scaphoid fractures.     

Effect of Curvature Location on Fatigue Resistance of Five Nickel-titanium Files Determined at Body Temperature

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 5 different curvature locations on the fatigue resistance of thermomechanically treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) files and superelastic NiTi files at body temperature and to document the corresponding phase transformations.MethodsEndoSequence (ES; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA), EndoSequence CM (ESCM, Brasseler USA), K3 (SybronEndo, Orange, CA), K3XF (SybronEndo), and Vortex Blue (VB; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) NiTi files (size 25/.04) were subjected to fatigue tests inside customized artificial canals containing a curvature of 60° and a 3-mm radius. There were 5 different canals based on the location of initial curvature; these included groups in which the distance between the canal orifice and the location of the curvature (DOC) was 5, 6, 8, 10, and 11 mm. The model canal was immersed in water at 37°C ± 1°C. The number of cycles to failure (N_f) was recorded, and the fracture surface of the fragments was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Two unused files of each brand were examined by differential scanning calorimetry.ResultsThe N_f was highest in the 10-mm and 11-mm DOC groups and lowest with the 5-mm and 6-mm DOC groups (P < .05). ESCM files had the highest fatigue resistance followed by the VB, K3XF, K3, and ES files (P < .05). ESCM files had the highest N_f (P < .05), and ES and K3 files had the lowest N_f (P < .05) depending on the curvature location. Two endothermic peaks were observed on the heating curve of the heat-treated files (ESCM, K3XF, and VB).ConclusionsThe location of the canal curvature had a significant effect on the fatigue resistance of both heat-treated and superelastic NiTi files. The fatigue life of files in the coronal curve was quite short.     

艾滋病中医病位证素分布规律及其与年龄的相关性研究

目的:探讨艾滋病患者中医病位证素分布规律及其与年龄的相关性.方法:选择艾滋病感染临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者631例,采用证素辨证的方法,提取病位证素,进行统计分析,探讨艾滋病患者中医证素分布规律,感染临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期以及随着病程延长和年龄增长病位证素的演变规律.结果:艾滋病患者的病位证素主要集中在脾、胃、肝、胆及表等病位,不同年龄层...     

不同病因胆汁反流性胃炎中医证型横断面调查

[目的]调查不同病因胆汁反流性胃炎中医证型。[方法]使用横断面调查方法,调查2011年3月至2012年3月福建省晋江市安海医院确诊为胆汁反流性胃炎患者。参照《证素辨证学》证素诊断标准,结合《中药新药临床研究指导原则》对症状轻、中、重程度定义,制定规范的四诊资料采集量表。患者入院确诊后即进行中医四诊资料规范化采集。规范数据采集环节,培训资料采集人员。设计统一调查表,建立调查档案。集观察对象症状、体征,在辨证四诊基础上,采用证素辨证方法辨证。[结果]符合初步纳入164例,排除14例,剩余150例;胆囊疾病50例,胃大部切除术后50例,不明原因50例。胆汁反流性胃炎病位证素主要为胃、脾、肝,病性证素积分从高到低依次为气滞、阳虚、气虚、湿、食积、血瘀、阴虚、血寒、血寒、热、寒、痰,频数分从高到低依次为气滞、湿、阳虚、气虚、食积、寒、热、血瘀、阴虚、痰、血寒、血虚。本病表现为虚中夹实,主以气虚、阳虚为本,并见气滞、湿困、食积实邪,可兼夹血瘀、寒邪、热邪、痰、血虚、血寒。[结论]病位证素:不明原因主要为脾、胃;胆囊疾病主要为脾、胃、肝、胆;胃大部切除术后主要为脾、胃、肝、胆。病性证素:不明原因主要为气滞、气虚、阳虚、食积、湿;胆囊疾病主要为气滞、湿、阳虚、热、寒、气虚;胃大部切除术后主要为气滞、湿、阳虚、气虚、血瘀、热、寒;三组间均主要为气滞、气虚、阳虚、湿,胃大部切除术后与胆囊疾病还同见寒、热证素,胃大部切除术后同时还存在血瘀证素。     

基于区位商分析我国中药产业布局

作者借助区域经济学中的区位商理论,观察我国中药产业的区域布局及演变,划分不同地区中药产业的类型并初步探讨其专业化优势、竞争力以及可能的原因,最终为中药产业布局提供建议。     

基于文献的失眠症中医证候和证素分布规律研究

目的基于文献研究,探讨失眠症的中医证候要素分布规律。方法通过检索中国知网数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普全文期刊数据库2009年1月至2018年12月中医药期刊文献所报道的治疗失眠症相关文献,收集统计失眠症中医证候并提取证素信息,利用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计描述分析。结果(1)共检出文献653篇,符合要求317篇,整理后规范证名得到44种中医证候,其中以心脾两虚证、痰热内扰证、肝郁化火证、阴虚火旺证、心肾不交证等频次较高。(2)证素组合规律中以两证素、三证素、四证素组合为主。(3)在单一病性证素中以热(火)、气虚、血虚、阴虚等频次较高;病位证素以肝、心、脾、肾等频次较高。(4)在证素组合时以热(火)+肝、气虚+血虚+心+脾、热(火)+痰、热(火)+阴虚等频次较高。结论失眠症的主要病理因素以热(火)、气虚、血虚、阴虚为主,病位主要以肝、心、脾、肾为主。     

Different Trends of Changes in Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Anterior and Inferior Acute Myocardial Infarction

Modifications in heart rate variability (HRV) parameters occur after acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of HRV change during the acute phase and the first month after myocardial infarction, and establish whether they were affected by the anterior or inferior location of the infarction. The time-domain HRV measures of 59 patients with a first uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction were computed from 24-hour ECG recordings made on days 1, 2, 10, and 28 after hospital admission. At day 1, the mean RR cycle length (NN), the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), and the root mean square successive difference of NN intervals (RMSSD) were lower in the patients with anterior myocardial infarction. Although the parameters were similar in all of the patients at day 28, their behavior over time was different (P = 0.01): the SDNN in the patients with inferior myocardial infarction had decreased to the values found in anterior myocardial infarction patients by day 2 but, at day 10, both NN and SDNN tended to recover in both groups; RMSSD had diminished in both groups by day 2, but at day 10, had increased in the patients with anterior, but not in those with inferior myocardial infarction. These findings suggest that (1) in the very early phase of myocardial infarction, HRV is different in the two locations, (2) during the first hours of myocardial infarction patients with inferior location showed a greater vagal activity than patients with anterior location that became lower at day 10, and (3) the recovery of HRV is an early phenomenon in both groups, being already evident by the second week after myocardial infarction.     

“主象”指导从肝辨证规律探析

定位诊断是脏腑辨证中一个重要环节。在文献研究基础上,归纳出经络定位、凭脉定位、因时定位、左侧定位、七情定位、主色定位、主味定位、体华窍定位等多种从肝定位方法,并指出临证当灵活机动,不可胶执一端。此外,根据某些经验性认识定位也是从肝辨证的常用方法。