罗哌卡因股神经导管不同给药方式对术后镇痛的影响

目的 探讨罗哌卡因股神经导管不同给药方式用于全膝关节置换术后镇痛的效果.方法 拟行全膝关节置换术患者40例,随机均分为持续给药组(A组,0.20％罗哌卡因)和间断给药组(B组,0.33％罗哌卡因).观察患者术后48 h内VAS评分及拔管后24 h股神经感觉功能和改良Bromage评分.结果 术后24hB组静息和运动时VAS评分均明显低于A组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).术后48 hB组运动时VAS评分明显低于A组(P＜0.05).B组罗哌卡因用量明显低于A组(P＜0.01).B组芬太尼用量明显低于A组(P＜0.05).所有患者神经功能恢复均未出现延迟.结论 经股神经导管持续或间断给予罗哌卡因均能提供较好的镇痛效果,对股神经功能均没有明显影响;0.33％罗哌卡因间断给药可减少镇痛药用量.     

Contemporary management and outcomes of infective tunnelled haemodialysis catheter-related right atrial thrombi: a case series and literature review

INTRODUCTIONInfective haemodialysis catheter-related right atrial thrombus (CRAT) is a complication of tunnelled catheter use. Management recommendations are based mainly on published case series prior to 2011. We report our institution’s recent experience in managing infective haemodialysis CRAT and correlate treatment with outcomes.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective analysis of haemodialysis CRAT cases diagnosed on transthoracic echocardiography between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2017. Clinical outcomes, including mortality at 180 days post diagnosis and thrombus resolution, were traced from electronic medical records.RESULTSThere were 14 cases identified. The median age was 59 (range 47–88) years and 11 (78.6%) were male. Sepsis was the most common reason for hospitalisation (71.4%). Blood cultures identified Staphylococcus aureus in seven cases, of which two were methicillin-resistant. Three had coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. All cases received antibiotics with infectious disease physician input. Seven were treated with catheter removal alone, of which three died within 180 days. Both cases treated with catheter removal plus anticoagulation survived at 180 days. Of the two cases who had anticoagulation without catheter removal, one died within 180 days and the other did not have thrombus resolution. Three underwent surgical thrombus removal, of which two died postoperatively and the last required repeated operations and prolonged hospitalisation. Mortality at 180 days post diagnosis was 42.9%.CONCLUSIONCatheter removal and anticoagulation are modestly effective. Surgery is associated with poor outcomes. Despite contemporary management, infective haemodialysis CRAT still results in high mortality. Prospective studies are needed to identify the optimal management.     

置入输尿管支架管早期干预小婴儿重度肾积水的疗效评估

［摘要］ 目的观察输尿管支架管(double J ureteral catheter,简称“DJ”管)置入术后小婴儿重度肾积水相较术前指标变化,探讨此手术方案在临床上的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析小于3个月重度肾积水患儿20例,患儿均于膀胱镜下逆行留置输尿管DJ管,分析置入术后对肾积水的治疗效果。 结果20例患儿中,2例未能成功置入输尿管DJ管改行肾造瘘术,2例术后发生输尿管DJ管梗阻给予置换输尿管DJ管后恢复良好,10例于6个月后拔除输尿管DJ管肾积水再次加重明显给予肾盂输尿管离断成形,8例拔除输尿管DJ管后肾积水明显缓解无再次加重表现观察至今无特殊处理。输尿管DJ管置入患儿治疗前、治疗后2周及治疗后6个月比较,内引流效果良好,肾积水程度明显缓解（P＜0.01）。 结论输尿管DJ管置入术操作简单,手术时间短,可明显缓解小婴儿重度肾积水程度,术后患儿恢复快,皮肤无破损及外置引流管,护理方便,6个月后拔除输尿管DJ管后患儿有一定概率免于较大手术创伤可能,故值得在临床上进一步应用研究。     

居家老年患者留置导尿护理管理方案探索

目的构建居家老年患者留置导尿护理管理方案,探索其应用效果。方法将泌尿外科120例长期留置导尿老年患者随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,对照组进行常规导管护理,观察组在常规护理基础上构建并实施留置导尿护理管理方案。1年后评估比较两组尿路感染发生率及不良事件发生率。结果观察组1年后尿路感染发生率及不良事件发生率显著低于对照组(均P0.01)。结论居家老年患者留置导尿护理管理方案的构建及应用能有效降低患者尿路感染及不良事件的发生,提高患者生活质量。     

水胶体透明敷料预防神经外科中心静脉导管细菌定植和细菌感染的研究

目的比较透明薄膜敷料与水胶体透明敷料预防神经外科中心静脉导管细菌定植和细菌感染的效果,为合理选择中心静脉导管固定敷料提供依据。方法按照随机数字表法将神经外科行中心静脉置管患者470例分为对照组(230例)和观察组(240例),中心静脉置管后对照组采用透明薄膜敷料固定导管,观察组采用水胶体透明敷料固定导管。比较两组导管病原菌定植、导管相关性感染和导管相关性血源性感染、皮肤病原菌定植情况。结果观察组导管病原菌定植、导管相关性感染、导管相关性血源性感染以及皮肤病原菌定植的发生率显著低于对照组,导管感染发生时间显著延长(均P0.05)。结论水胶体透明敷料可以有效预防神经外科患者中心静脉导管细菌定植和细菌感染,具有良好的皮肤安全性。     

Comparison of open and laparoscopic secure placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters

Background A major and frustrating complication of peritoneal dialysis catheter placement is mechanical outflow obstruction, which may be caused by catheter tip migration. Therefore, a secure and correct positioning of the catheter is important to minimize this risk. This technique is easily accomplished by a laparoscopic approach.Methods The outcomes of 50 patients in whom peritoneal dialysis catheters were inserted laparoscopically with a secure catheter placement technique were compared with those of 52 patients who underwent an open surgical technique using a stiff wire as guidance for the catheter. The data were prospectively collected but not randomized. All the patients had virgin abdomens, and all the procedures were undertaken or supervised by one surgeon.Results Catheter migration occurred in six patients (12%) in the open group, as compared with none in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.027). There were no significant differences in catheter survival between the two groups.Conclusions The laparoscopic technique with secure placement of the catheter lowered the incidence of catheter migration, but did not increase the catheter survival.     

直孔输尿管导管在腔镜手术中协助留置双J管的应用

目的 探讨直孔输尿管导管在腔内泌尿外科手术中协助留置双J管的效果。方法 回顾性分析了自1998年以来40例直孔输尿管导管协助下留置双J管的资料。其中26例肾结石在ESWL前,3例在腹膜后腔镜输尿管上段切开取石术时,8例因肿瘤浸润输尿管致恶性梗阻,借助直孔输尿管导管经膀胱镜逆行留置双J管。3例M-PCNL术中常规方法置管困难,改用直孔输尿管导管协助留置双J管。结果 97．5％成功置人双J管。结论 直孔输尿管导管协助留置双J管,具有操作简单、高效安全、能提高置管成功率、缩短置管时间,值得临床推广。     

双J管临床应用及美蓝在置管术中的作用

目的探讨双J管(双J输尿管支架管)在泌尿系疾病治疗中的应用效果以及美蓝在置放术中的作用。方法对215例患者采用放置双J管作内支架和内引流治疗,近期48例术中以美蓝协助定位。结果术后留置尿管5~7d,无切口感染、尿瘘等并发症。术后1~3个月拔除双J管,随访3~6个月,肾功能、肾积水明显好转,吻合口通畅。以美蓝协助定位者无双J管上移致拔管困难。结论双J管具有内支架和内引流作用,操作简单,引流效果好,并发症少,缩短住院时间。以美蓝协助定位,值得推广应用。     

输尿管镜引导放置导尿管治疗尿道骑跨伤

目的:探讨输尿管镜引导放置导尿管治疗尿道骑跨伤的方法和效果.方法:对14例放置尿管失败的尿道骑跨伤患者用输尿管镜引导放置导尿管.结果:13例成功置入导尿管,其中11例拔除导尿管后排尿通畅,2例排尿困难,经冷刀尿道内切开后获愈.1例放置导尿管失败,改用尿道吻合术获愈.结论:用输尿管镜引导放置导尿管治疗尿道骑跨伤微创、便捷、易行、安全、成功率高、恢复快、使多数伤者避免了尿道吻合术     

Role of pelvic drain and timing of urethral catheter removal following RARP: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives

To assess the clinical value of routine pelvic drain (PD) placement and early removal of urethral catheter (UC) in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), as perioperative management such as the necessity of PD or optimal timing for UC removal remains highly variable.

Methods

Multiple databases were searched for articles published before March 2022 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they investigated the differential rate of postoperative complications between patients with/without routine PD placement and with/without early UC removal, defined as UC removal at 2–4 days after RARP.

Results

Overall, eight studies comprising 5112 patients were eligible for the analysis of PD placement, and six studies comprising 2598 patients were eligible for the analysis of UC removal. There were no differences in the rate of any complications (pooled odds ratio [OR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78–1.00), severe complications (Clavien–Dindo Grade ≥III; pooled OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.54–1.69), all and/or symptomatic lymphocele (pooled OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.50–1.33; and pooled OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.26–1.29, respectively) between patients with or without routine PD placement. Furthermore, avoiding PD placement decreased the rate of postoperative ileus (pooled OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.91). Early removal of UC resulted in an increased likelihood of urinary retention (OR 6.21, 95% CI 3.54–10.9) in retrospective, but not in prospective studies. There were no differences in anastomosis leakage and early continence rates between patients with or those without early removal of UC.

Conclusions

There is no benefit for routine PD placement after standard RARP in the published articles. Early removal of UC seems possible with the caveat of the increased risk of urinary retention, while the effect on medium-term continence is still unclear. These data may help guide the standardisation of postoperative procedures by avoiding unnecessary interventions, thereby reducing potential complications and associated costs.