Carcinoma of the cervix: Value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in assessing early stromal invasion

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (dynamic MR imaging) in the evaluation of preinvasive and early invasive cancer of the cervix. Methods Twenty-nine women with untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with either no stromal invasion or early stromal invasion underwent pretreatment MR imaging and dynamic MR imaging within 4 weeks of surgical evaluation. The images were evaluated for tumor detection and compared with results of histologic examination of the surgical specimens. Results The lesions in 17 cases with histologically proven stromal invasion of 4 mm or greater were detected with dynamic MR imaging, whereas lesions in only 8 of these cases were detected with T2 imaging. In 9 cases with stromal invasion between 4.0 mm and 5.0 mm, lesions were represented as early phase focal enhancement on dynamic MR images, but not detected on T2-weighted images. In the 12 cases with less than 4 mm stromal invasion, no lesions were visualized on either T2-weighted images or dynamic MR images, except in 1 case of glandular involvement without stromal invasion that appeared as enhancement on early-phase dynamic MR imaging. Conclusion Dynamic MR imaging detected more lesions of early stromal invasion in pretreatment imaging for cervical cancer than nonenhanced MR imaging.     

胃癌组织中肝素酶mRNA的表达

目的探讨肝素酶mRNA在胃腺癌组织中的表达情况及其与临床病理学参数的关系。方法采用半定量RT-PCR检测36例胃腺癌组织及11例正常胃黏膜组织中肝素酶mRNA表达水平。结果HPAmRNA阳性表达与胃癌的浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移成正相关(P<0·05),与胃癌患者的性别、年龄、大体类型及肿瘤发生部位无关(P>0·05)。结论HPA可能是胃癌侵袭转移的重要生物学标记,并可作为判断胃癌预后的指标之一。     

Cell-cell adhesion molecules and signaling intermediates and their role in the invasive potential of prostate cancer cells

PURPOSE: The highly variable natural history of prostate carcinoma may be reflected in heterogeneity of invasive potential between tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have examined two prostate cancer cell lines of low invasive potential (CAHPV10 and PZHPV7) and three cell lines of high invasive potential (DU-145, PC-3, LNCapFGC), to determine whether specific adhesion molecule profiles correlated with their invasive behavior. RESULTS: Using an in vitro invasion assay, we demonstrated that DU-145, LNCapFGC and PC-3 cells were highly invasive compared with CA-HPV-10 and PZ-HPV-7 cells. LNCapFGC cells expressed high levels of E-cadherin, alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin, desmoglein, desmoplakin and GSK3beta using immunoblotting. This was, in general, comparable to immunohistochemical staining. PC-3 cells had no E-cadherin or alpha-catenin, but expressed a high level of the HGF/SF receptor c-Met. In contrast, DU-145 cells were found to express E-cadherin and low levels for all other protein molecules, except c-Met. The DU-145 cell line also lacked alpha-catenin expression. In CA-HPV-10 and PZ-HPV-7 cells, there was no detection of APC, PECAM-1, P-cadherin or Wnt-1. DU-145, LNCapFGC and PC-3 cells formed cell-cell aggregates, which were reduced by inclusion of anti-E-cadherin antibody and the motogen HGF/SF. CONCLUSION: These results show that prostate cancer cells exhibit a diverse expression of cell-cell adhesion molecules and their signaling intermediates. The expression of these adhesion molecules bears an important relationship with the invasive phenotype of these cells.     

卵巢上皮癌组织中MT1-MMP的表达及意义

目的　探讨膜型基质金属蛋白酶 - 1(membranetype - 1matrixmetalloproteinase,MT1-MMP)在卵巢上皮癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤生物学行为和预后的关系。方法　用免疫组化SP法检测 5 6例卵巢上皮癌组织、 15例卵巢良性肿瘤组织以及 10例正常卵巢组织中MT1-MMP蛋白的表达。结果　 6 7 9%的卵巢上皮癌组织MT1-MMP表达阳性 ,卵巢良性肿瘤组织很少表达 (4/ 15 ) ,正常卵巢组织中几乎不表达 (1/ 10 ) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。MT1-MMP的表达水平与临床分期、组织学分级以及淋巴结转移密切相关。在单因素生存分析中 ,MT1-MMP的表达与患者预后不良有关。但是 ,在多因素分析中 ,MT1-MMP的表达并不是一个相对独立的预后因素。结论　①MT1-MMP在卵巢上皮癌中异常高表达 ;②MT1-MMP表达促进卵巢癌的侵袭和转移 ,可作为判断卵巢癌恶性表型的有用指标 ;③MT1-MMP的阳性表达与患者不良预后有关。     

Histopathologic parameters of prognosis in cervical cancer – a review

Apart from clinical stage and lymph node status, acknowledged to be among the most powerful predictors of outcome in cervical cancer, the determination of prognosis and thereby the need for adjuvant therapy in surgically treated patients currently relies on a variety of histopathologic factors. The role of many of these is controversial. This may be because histopathology is genuinely lacking in sensitivity for predicting tumor behavior in vivo. There is, however, wide variation in histopathologic definitions and criteria. This is probably the major reason for both the lack of reproducibility in the reporting of certain factors and in their diminished value in predicting behavior. Tumor type, grade, vascular invasion, pattern of invasion, and depth are all extremely important prognostic indicators when used individually or as a part of a scoring system.     

Immune cells contribute to systemic cross-talk between the embryo and mother during early pregnancy in cooperation with the endocrine system

In early pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone that in turn maintains human embryo implantation in the uterus. This inevitable communication through blood circulation can be called 'systemic cross-talk between the embryo and mother'. Despite considerable evidence suggesting that the human corpus luteum cannot be maintained by HCG alone, no other responsible soluble factors have been proposed. We found that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from pregnant women promoted progesterone production by human luteal cells and propose that both hormones and immune cells participate in this systemic cross-talk. This systemic cross-talk by immune cells is believed to operate in embryo implantation. Splenocytes derived from pregnant mice promoted endometrial differentiation and embryo implantation in vivo . Human PBMC derived from women early in pregnancy promoted invasion of murine embryos in vitro. In addition, recombinant HCG increased the effects of human PBMC on murine embryo invasion. Human chorionic gonadotropin also increased chemokine production by human PBMC through a lectin–glycan interaction, which is a primitive pathway in the immune system. Furthermore, chemokines were shown to induce human trophoblast invasion. These findings suggest that the immune system positively contributes to systemic cross-talk between the embryo and mother in cooperation with the endocrine system. (Reprod Med Biol 2006; 5 : 19–29)     

胰头后面神经分布的应用解剖学研究

目的：观察胰头后面的神经分布，探讨胰头癌沿神经浸润转移的解剖学基础，为临床上清除由于胰头癌神经浸润转移所致的残留癌以及胰源性疼痛止痛术等提供相关的应用解剖学资料。方法：运用大体解剖学方法观测了30具成人尸体胰头后面神经分支的来源和分布特征。结果：（1）胰头后面的神经分支主要来源于右腹腔神经节（27例）、腹腔丛右侧半（20例）和肝丛（16例），少数发自肠系膜上丛（14例）。（2）胰头后面神经分布形式以成丛型．即“胰头丛”占多数（24例），仅有6例为不成丛型。（3）“胰共丛”的位置较恒定，肾贴于胰头后面，邻接下腔静脉和左肾静脉的末段。胰头后面神经分支进入胰头后面腺体的部位以右上、下象限为主（分别有21例和26例），其次为左下象限（14例），而左上象限最少（3例）。结论：胰头后面的神经分布丰富，其来源和分布具有一定的规律性和特点，为胰头癌神经浸润转移和术后局部肿瘤复发提供了可能，也是导致中、晚期胰腺癌剧烈疼痛的形态学基础。     

Prognostic factors in maxillary sinus and nasal cavity carcinoma

AIMS: The aim of the present study is to define prognostic factors, particularly the impact of treatment on paranasal sinus and nasal cavity malignancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients with maxillary antrum and nasal fossae malignancies. A maxillectomy classification as performed to treat malignancies in our institution is described. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was done using the Cox's model. RESULTS: One hundred and nine patients were evaluated. Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 62 cases and in 95 patients the epicentre of the tumour was located in the maxillary antrum. Ten patients were treated with surgery only, 39 patients with surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy, 37 cases received only radiotherapy, and 18 received radiotherapy followed by surgery; in five cases a combination of chemo-radiotherapy was used. Multivariate analysis identified T classification, orbit invasion, N classification, site of origin of tumour in nasal fossae, and no surgical resection as independent prognostic factors (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: T4 tumours with orbit invasion present bad prognosis as compared to other T4 tumours. Surgical resection should be included in the treatment strategy. Because of the high frequency of lymph-node metastasis, neck treatment should be considered in T4 tumours.     

Expression of MTA1 promotes motility and invasiveness of PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells

The human metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) is a constituent of the nucleosome-remodelling and -deacetylation complex. Its expression has been correlated with the invasion and metastasis of epithelial neoplasms. To address the functional consequences of MTA1 expression in pancreatic carcinoma cells, we have established PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells that stably express MTA1 as an enhanced green fluorescent fusion protein (EGFP-MTA1). Here, we demonstrate that heterologous expression of EGFP-MTA1 markedly enhanced the cellular motility and the invasive penetration of epithelial barriers by the cells. Expression of EGFP-MTA1 had no effect on substrate-independent growth, but reduced substrate-dependent cell proliferation. In addition, the organisation of the cytokeratin filament system and the localisation of the actin cytoskeleton-associated protein IQGAP1 were distinctly altered in EGFP-MTA1-expressing cells. These results indicate that enhanced expression of MTA1 promotes the acquisition of an invasive, metastatic phenotype, and thus enhances the malignancy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells by modulation of the cytoskeleton.     

肺癌细胞中RASSF4的高表达抑制肺癌细胞的增殖和侵袭能力

目的:探讨RASSF4在肺癌中的增殖和侵袭能力。方法:向肺癌细胞系H460和A549中导入RASSF4的cDNA质粒后,通过MTT、克隆形成实验、基质胶侵袭实验、流式细胞术等方法检测肺癌细胞的生长和侵袭能力。结果:RASSF4能够通过下调MMP2、MMP9和cyclinD1的表达,抑制肺癌细胞的侵袭、增殖及克隆形成能力。结论:RASSF4在肺癌细胞中通过抑制细胞生长及侵袭能力发挥重要的肿瘤抑制功能。