三峡建坝生态环境改变与血吸虫病传播关系研究

三峡工程是一项规模宏大的开发治理长江的综合性工程 ,它具有防洪、发电、航运、养殖、供水等多项效益 ,它的建成对我国经济发展具有重大的影响。但国内外的一些水利工程建成后都不同程度地对生态环境带来一系列影响 ,造成血吸虫病的蔓延 ,三峡建坝与血吸虫病关系如何是一个需要深入研究的课题。1　研究方法1 1　水文、泥沙资料长江水利委员会提供 ,部分资料为实地调查所得。1 2　流行病学调查人畜感染情况 ,中间宿主分布及扩散情况。1 3　社会经济行为因素调查以问卷调查居民社会、经济行为状况 ,人畜流动情况。1 4　类比调查　选择与三峡…     

城市居家老年人宜老环境自我报告评估指标的构建

目的 构建城市居家老年人宜老环境自我报告评估指标,为了解城市老年人居家环境的质量水平和相关服务需求提供评价工具.方法 以世界卫生组织老年友好城市指南作为理论框架,在文献回顾和质性访谈的基础上形成草稿.采用德尔菲法对20名专家进行2轮咨询.结果 2轮专家咨询问卷有效回收率分别为90.91％、90.00％;第2轮专家咨询的权威系数为0.865,专家意见协调系数为0.305～0.671;最终确定的指标体系包括户外空间和建筑、交通、家庭住宅、社会交往和参与、社区服务和信息与通讯6项一级指标,84项二级指标.结论 城市居家老年人宜老环境自我报告评估指标有较好的专家认可度,可作为评价中国城市居家老年人环境质量的工具.     

居家养老环境风险评估体系的构建

目的 构建居家养老环境风险评估指标体系,为开展老年人居家环境风险评估提供测评工具.方法 采用文献研究法、焦点小组讨论法、德尔菲专家咨询法筛选评估指标,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,建立老年人居家养老环境风险评估体系.结果 2轮专家咨询问卷有效回收率分别为92.31％、86.11％,权威系数分别为0.878、0.892;Ⅰ级指标协调系数分别为0.276、0.291;最终构建的居家养老环境风险评估指标体系包括Ⅰ级指标9个和Ⅱ级指标43个,并确定各级指标权重.结论 居家养老环境风险评估体系被专家认可,评估指标体系的内容全面、权重合理,但需进一步在社区开展实证研究.     

童年期居住环境卫生对农村居民中老年期慢性病患病的影响研究

目的探讨童年期居住环境卫生对农村居民中老年期慢性病患病的影响, 并检验童年期健康状况在其中的中介效应。方法基于中国健康与养老追踪调查2018年最新调查和2014年生命历程调查共同访问的12 506名农村居民数据, 运用χ2检验、秩和检验、logistic回归分析模型、倾向评分加权法、负二项回归模型和KHB分析法进行分析。结果调整其他混杂因素后, 相比童年期居住环境卫生较好的农村居民, 童年居住环境卫生较差的中老年农村居民患哮喘风险提高23.7%(OR=1.237, 95%CI:1.060～1.445), 患肝脏疾病、肾脏疾病和消化系统疾病的风险增加16.4%(OR=1.164, 95%CI:1.006～1.347)、22.4%(OR=1.224, 95%CI:1.083～1.383)和19.6%(OR=1.196, 95%CI:1.103～1.296), 患血脂异常和心脏病的可能性上升了26.6%(OR=1.266, 95%CI:1.153～1.390)和13.6%(OR=1.136, 95%CI:1.031～1.253)。负二项回归模型分析结果显示, 童年居住环境卫生较差的中老年农村...     

Rural and urban variation in psychological distress among adults: results of the 2014–2015 Eastern Townships Population Health Survey (ETPHS)

ObjectiveA growing number of people live in urban areas. Urbanization has been associated with an increased prevalence of mental disorders, but which mechanisms cause this increase is unknown. Psychological distress is a good indicator of mental health. This study sought to examine the relationship between urbanization and distress among adults in the Eastern Townships (southern region of Quebec, Canada).MethodIn the 2014–2015 Eastern Townships Population Health Survey (N = 10,687 adults living in one of the 96 Eastern Townships communities), distress was measured with the K6 distress scale (≥ 7). Urbanization was estimated by the residential density of the community treated in quintiles. Logistic regression analyses were carried out with adjustments for individual and environmental characteristics.ResultsWomen, young people aged 18–24, single parents, those without diplomas, those without a job, those with < $20,000 in income, adults with two or more chronic physical illnesses, adults with bad perceived health, or those living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibited more distress. The unadjusted estimate between density and distress is only significant for the fifth quintile when compared with the first quintile (OR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06–1.42). The relationship is practically the same after controlling for individual characteristics but decreases considerably after controlling for environmental characteristics (lack of trees, social deprivation, intersection density, vegetation index, and land use mix).ConclusionThis study was the first to examine an association between urbanization and distress by considering individual and environmental characteristics. The latter seem to explain the relationship between these concepts.     

苏州市社区建成环境与居民体力活动的关联分析

目的 了解苏州市居民体力活动水平,探索社区建成环境与居民体力活动的关联。方法 2017年采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取苏州市25~64岁常住人群进行面对面调查,采用国际体力活动量表长卷（IPAQ-L）评估居民体力活动水平,采用居民环境步行量表简表（NEWS-A）评价社区建成环境主观感知。结果 苏州市居民过去1周总体力活动水平M=3 610.42 MET-min/w,以工作相关体力活动水平为主,交通、家务及休闲相关体力活动水平较低。控制社会人口学因素后,公共服务可及性与社区居民的总体力活动水平呈负相关（OR=0.522,95%CI：0.329~0.830）,场所设施多样性与工作相关体力活动水平呈负相关（OR=0.701,95%CI：0.492~0.999）,步行和自行车道设施与工作相关体力活动水平呈正相关（OR=1.603,95%CI：1.004~2.559）;交通安全与交通相关体力活动水平呈负相关（OR=0.642,95%CI：0.416~0.990）;住宅密度与休闲相关体力活动水平呈正相关（OR=1.001,95%CI：1.000~1.002）;此外,社区美观与舒适的主观感知程度越高,工作、交通、家务及总体力活动水平越高（OR=1.889,95%CI：1.176~3.033;OR=1.671,95%CI：1.120~2.495;OR=1.775,95%CI：1.143~2.756;OR=1.593,95%CI：1.079~2.350）。结论 完善步行道和自行车道设施、提高社区的美观和舒适程度对于增加居民体力活动有重要作用。     

Satisfaction with neighbourhood environment moderates the associations between objective neighbourhood environment and leisure-time physical activity in older adults in Beijing,China

Asia is ageing fast. To develop more effective health promotion initiatives among older adults, more knowledge of the environmental correlates of physical activity is needed. However, research in this age group is rare, and most existing studies have been conducted within Western contexts. The present study explores the interaction effects of objective neighbourhood environment and satisfaction with neighbourhood environment on leisure-time physical activity in older adults in Beijing, China. This study follows a cross-sectional design and involves older adults aged 65 years and over. The questionnaire was collected in 2018 and 2,061 older adults living in Yanshan, Beijing, China were included in the analysis. Linear regression was applied to examine the effects. The findings show that residents who live in places with higher levels of walkability, or those who are more satisfied with neighbourhood environment (either path/road/street condition or recreational resources) spent significantly longer participating in leisure-time physical activity. However, the objective neighbourhood accessibility of recreational resources was not a significant factor of physical activity. Satisfaction with neighbourhood recreational resources can significantly moderate the relationship between objective neighbourhood accessibility of recreational resources and leisure-time physical activity respectively. This is the first study conducted in China examining the relationships between objective neighbourhood environment, satisfaction with neighbourhood environment and leisure-time physical activity among older adults. This study may have implications for urban planning and service provision planning. The design of built environments that considers quality rather than only quantity can play a significant role in improving older adults' leisure-time physical activity.     

Assessment of the effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on MDCK epithelial cell lines under a controlled environment

To assess the effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on MDCK cell lines, experiments were performed in a chamber under controlled conditions (temperature, humidity and CO₂). Therefore, the measured physicochemical and electrical changes in the cells are due solely to the magnetic field exposure and not to external factors. A developed sinusoidal magnetic field generator produced the ELF-MFs with a uniform magnetic field and adjustable intensity and frequency. Three experimental indicators were used: (i) transepithelial electrical impedance (TEEI); (ii) cell migration and proliferation; and (iii) expression of the proteins of the tight junctions, and changes in the area and shape of the cell nuclei. No significant effects on TEEI values were observed when 10 and 50 G 60 Hz magnetic fields were applied to confluent cell monolayers. There were no significant differences in migration and proliferation of the cell monolayer exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields10 and 50 G , but a contact inhibition factor was observed. The expression of the CLDN-1 protein decreased by 90% compared with the control, while ZO-1 protein expression increased by 120%. No significant effects were observed in the area and shape of the cell nuclei. Experimentation in a controlled environment, under physiological conditions, ensures that the observed effects were strictly due to exposure to magnetic fields. Different exposure conditions are necessary to determine the impact on TEEI and cell migration–proliferation indicators.