抱茎獐牙菜中的苷类成分

目的 研究藏药抱茎獐牙菜Swertia franchetiana中的苷类成分。方法 用各种柱色谱方法进行分离纯化，根据理化性质和波谱解析鉴定其化学结构。结果 从抱茎獐牙菜的水溶性部分得到11个化合物，分别鉴定为芒果苷(mangiferin，Ⅰ)、异荭草苷(isoorlentin，Ⅱ)、当药黄素(swertisin，Ⅲ)、当药醇苷(swertianolin，Ⅳ)、1-羟基-3，5-二甲氧基汕酮-1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅴ)、1-羟基一3，7，8-三甲氧基汕酮-1-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅵ)、1-羟基-2，3，5-三甲氧基汕酮-1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅶ)、5-醛基1-异色满酮(Ⅶ)、獐牙菜苦苷(swartiamarin，Ⅸ)、龙胆苦苷(gentipicroside，Ⅹ)和獐牙菜苷(sweroside，Ⅺ)。结论 化合物Ⅵ～Ⅺ均为首次从该植物中得到，其中Ⅶ为首次从獐牙菜属植物中得到。     

Oncolytic herpes viral therapy is effective in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines

The rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in western countries, along with the poor prognosis offered by present-day treatment modalities, makes novel therapies for this disease necessary. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are replication-competent viruses that are highly effective in the treatment of a wide variety of experimental models of human malignancies. This study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of oncolytic herpes viruses in the treatment of primary HCC cell lines. Sixteen commercially available human HCC cell lines were studied. G207 is an attenuated, replication-competent, oncolytic HSV engineered to selectively replicate within cancer cells. Cell lines were tested for viral sensitivity to G207 and their ability to support viral replication using standard cytotoxicity and viral replication assays. Eleven of 16 cell lines were moderately to highly sensitive to G207 viral oncolysis. HCC cell lines additionally demonstrated the ability to support viral replication in vitro with as high as 800-fold amplification of the administered viral dose observed. G207 is cytotoxic to, and efficiently replicates within, HCC cell lines in vitro. From these data, we suggest that oncolytic HSV therapy may have a role in the treatment of HCC, and in vivo studies are warranted. Presented in part at the 2005 American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Congress, Hollywood, Florida, April 14–17, 2005. Supported by grants R01CA75461 and R01CA72632 from the National Institutes of Health, and by grant MBC-99366 from the American Cancer Society (Yuman Fong).     

华支睾吸虫病患者血清中免疫球蛋白和C_3含量的变化

本文分别采用 ELISA 双抗体夹心法和琼脂单向免疫扩散法检测了华支睾吸虫病患者血清中各类免疫球蛋白和 C_3的含量。结果显示:患者血清中 I gG、I gM 和 I gE 的水平明显高于正常对照组,I gA 的水平与正常人相比无明显改变;而 C_3的含量显著低于正常人。提示:人体感染华支睾吸虫病后,I gG、I gM 和 I gE 与相应的特异性抗体呈同步增高的趋势;补体和抗体协同参与华支睾吸虫病的免疫学发病机理,在此过程中消耗补体,使 C_3含量降低。     

A Chinese adolescent girl with Fechtner-like syndrome

We describe a 15-y-old girl with Fechtner-like syndrome, who is the first Chinese reported to have this rare syndrome. She presented with left homonymous hemianopia and neuroimaging revealed haemorrhage in both parietal and occipital lobes. Peripheral blood smear showed macrothrombocytopenia and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies inside leucocytes. Thrombocytopenia and proteinuria responded to intravenous immunoglobulin and pulsed methylprednisolone. This case illustrates that life-threatening haemorrhage can occur in patients with Fechtner syndrome. Although there was no effective treatment reported in the literature, high dose steroid and immunoglobulin seemed to be useful in our patient. Our patient also had nephritic-nephrotic syndrome with renal insufficiency, which is unusual in adolescent female patients.     

Immunoglobulin heavy chain Diversity genes rearrangement pattern indicates that MALT-type gastric lymphoma B cells have undergone an antigen selection process

Gastric MALT lymphoma usually develops from chronic gastritis, the vast majority of which (>90%) is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. We sequenced the third complementarity determining region (CDR3) of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in 19 gastric MALT lymphoma clones to determine the pattern of variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene utilization during immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.
DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded sections and the rearranged CDR3 regions were amplified using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (with primers complementary to the conserved framework-three segment of the variable region [FR3A] and J regions). The DNA used for cloning and sequencing was obtained after purification of monoclonal bands excised from polyacrylamide gels. The N-D-N region specific to each clone was compared with known germline D sequences.
Similarly to that observed in normal and leukaemic B cells, our series of gastric MALT lymphomas showed apparent preferential utilization of genes from the DXP family. In two cases no similarity between the CDR3 nucleotide sequences of the neoplastic clones and the known germline D sequences could be found. In 10/19 analysed alleles the lymphoma B-cell clones appeared to contain two D gene segments (D-D recombination), a rare occurrence in normal individuals but one which has been described as a significant event in the determination of idiotype expression and antigen-binding affinity. Remarkably, despite the use of different D and J segments, the resultant amino acid sequences matched in two patients, suggesting the presence of a common selecting antigen.
The observed pattern of D gene rearrangement suggests that MALT lymphoma B-cell clones have undergone antigen selection, which seems to indicate that the antigen stimulation plays a pivotal role in the development of the lymphoma.     

抗—HCV阳性单采浆供血员HGV感染随访研究

为了解单采浆供血员庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染及其转归，对１０２名抗－ＨＣＶ阳性单采浆供血员冻存血清进行抗－ＨＧＶ和ＨＧＶＲＮＡ检测，对抗－ＨＧＶ和（或）ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性者作３年随访研究。采用ＥＩＡ法检测抗－ＨＧＶ，包被抗原来自ＨＧＶ不同功能区的合成肽。应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法检测ＨＧＶＲＮＡ，引物选自ＨＧＶＮＳ３区。结果表明，抗－ＨＣＶ阳性单采浆供血员ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性率为１９．６１％（２０／１０２），抗－ＨＧＶ阳性率为１７．６５％（１８／１０２），ＨＧＶ感染率（抗ＨＧＶ和／或ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性）为２４．５１％（２５／１０２），而对照组仅为０．９４％（１／１０６）。提示单采血浆是ＨＧＶ感染的重要危险因素。ＨＧＶＲＮＡ和抗－ＨＧＶ的３年阴转率分别为３５．００％（７／２０）和１１．１１％（２／１８），说明ＨＧＶ感染有慢性携带趋势     

Opitz (BBB/G) syndrome: Oral manifestations

We studied a new case of the G (Opitz BBB/G) syndrome in a 12-year-old boy. Several relatives had partial manifestations of the disorder. A comprehensive dental evaluation of the propositus was conducted; included is, to our knowledge, the first published cephalometric analysis of a G syndrome patient. We reviewed 139 cases of the G syndrome; 48 of them had at least one oral abnormality. These included clefting, micrognathia, ankyloglossia, and high-arched palate. Male G syndrome patients are more likely to have oral anomalies than affected females. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangement in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: Detection of Small Clonal Cell Populations in Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow

The bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples of 71 patients with plasma cell dyscrasias were analysed by the Southern blot technique for the presence of clonal immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements. 53% of BM samples examined were archival material such as air dried BM slides or frozen trephine biopsies. The results were related to bone marrow plasmacytosis as determined by cytology and flow cytometry, and other clinical parameters. Clonal Ig gene rearrangements were found in BM samples of 45 (83%) of 54 MM patients and in 3 of 6 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). Clonal cell populations in the PB were detected in 11 (30%) of 37 examined MM patients, but in none of the patients with MGUS or solitary plasmacytoma of bone. PB involvement was associated with progressive disease. Circulating monoclonal cells were significantly associated with higher M-protein levels (p 0.05). Thus, circulating clonal precursor cells are encountered more frequently in active MM.     

Serum IgA and IgG functional antibodies and their subclasses to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigen found in two aged‐matched cohorts of children with and without otitis media with effusion

Serum IgA and IgG functional antibodies and their subclasses to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigen found in two aged‐matched cohorts of children with and without otitis media with effusion The relationship between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion (OME) is uncertain and the aetiology of OME is multifactorial. Otitis media with effusion may be an inflammatory condition; both bacteria and viral infections could play a part in this inflammation. The four bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus and Branhamella catarrhalis cause 60% of the infections whereas S. pneumoniae accounts for up to 35%. IgA provides the dominant surface response to polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide antigens, of which IgA₂ is the main subclass. Once the mucosa has been breached, most protection is provided by IgG. IgG₂ acts mainly against bacterial capsular antigens. This study looked at two groups of 50 children with and without OME who were aged between 3 and 10 years. The aims were to determine if, firstly, the levels of the serum immunoglobulins were different in the two groups, secondly whether these children made the appropriate antibody response to the capsular antigen to S. pneumoniae (PCP), and finally if there was a delay in the maturity of the IgA response. The total IgG, IgA and all subclass levels were measured using radial immunodiffusion. Levels of functional IgA and IgG were measured using ELISAs (25 patients in each group). The results were analysed with non‐parametric tests. The immunoglobulin levels were within the normal levels for both groups. There were very good correlations between the IgG total anti‐PCP and the IgG₂ anti‐PCP (R > 0.9, p = 0.001). There was a good correlation between the levels of both IgG total and IgG₂ anti‐PCP against IgA total anti‐PCP in both groups (R > 0.85, p > 0.01). This confirms a normal antibody response between both groups of patients. The ages of the controls and patients (50 samples) were correlated with increasing titres of circulating functional antibodies (P = 0.001). This is highly suggestive of a normal age‐related response. In conclusion, the findings were contradictory to our original hypothesis that there is a subtle difference in surface protection between children with and without OME. We believe that a previous history of recurrent acute otitis media is unrelated to the development of OME after 3 years of age.     

G蛋白耦联受体激酶结合蛋白1通过调节细胞外调节激酶1/2的活性促进成骨细胞迁移

目的探索G蛋白耦联受体激酶结合蛋白1(GITI)在成骨细胞迁移中的作用,并分析其机理。方法通过Western blot方法检测GIT1蛋白在鼠的成骨细胞内的表达；用免疫荧光染色方法确定：在血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)不刺激和刺激的条件下,GIT1和细胞外调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)在成骨细胞内的位置；用共同免疫沉淀的方法测定GIT1和ERK1/2相互结合,并且用免疫荧光双染的方法确定这两种蛋白相互结合的位置；用包含GIT1-RNA发夹结构的腺病毒感染成骨细胞后,用免疫荧光染色方法确定磷酸化ERK1/2(pERK1/2)在成骨细胞内的位置,用划痕愈合法检测在PDGF刺激下的迁移能力。结果在成骨细胞内,PDGF刺激导致了GIT1和ERK1/2的相互结合,并且这种结合发生在成骨细胞的局部粘附内。包含GIT1-RNA发夹结构的腺病毒明显抑制了pERK1/2招募至成骨细胞局部粘附内以及PDGF所刺激的成骨细胞的迁移。结论在PDGF刺激下,GIT1招募pERK1/2至成骨细胞的局部粘附内,从而促进成骨细胞的迁移。