经阴道实时三维超声输卵管造影与X线碘油输卵管造影的比较研究

目的 比较实时三维超声编码造影技术(3D-CCI-HyCoSy)与X线下碘油造影(HSG)评价不孕症患者输卵管通畅性的临床价值.方法 对拟在我院进行腹腔镜通染液试验的123例不孕患者于术前随机分两组进行超声造影和碘油造影检查.59例患者行3D-CCI-HyCoSy,64例行HSG,两组均以腹腔镜通染液试验(CLP)结果为金标准,评价输卵管通畅性.结果 3D-CCI-HyCoSy vs HSG评价输卵管通畅性的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值为94.6％、93.5％、92.9％、95.1％ vs 84.3％、86.8％、81.1％、89.1％.3D-CCI-HyCoSy vs HSG的ROC曲线下面积为0.940 vs 0.864,两者差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 3D-CCI-HyCoSy在不孕症患者输卵管通畅性的评价方面有着明显优势,在一定程度上可替代X线下输卵管碘油造影.     

间苯三酚在子宫输卵管造影术前应用的临床研究

目的观察在子宫输卵管造影术(HSG)前应用间苯三酚对患者宫颈软化程度、术中疼痛评分、手术时间等的影响,探讨间苯三酚对输卵管通畅率的影响,旨在减少子宫输卵管造影术的假阳性、提高其诊断的准确率。方法选取2009年7月至10月行输卵管造影检查的不孕患者90例,随机分成2组:间苯三酚组(J组)和阿托品组(A组),每组45例,分别于术前30min肌内注射间苯三酚40mg和阿托品0.5mg。观察宫颈软化程度、疼痛评分、输卵管通畅情况、手术时间、人工流产综合征、术中有无淋巴、静脉逆入、造影剂用量。结果间苯三酚组患者的宫颈软化程度高、疼痛评分低(P<0.05),2组患者的手术时间、造影剂用量、淋巴、静脉逆入、人工流产综合征的发生率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 HSG前应用间苯三酚,可以软化宫颈,减轻患者的疼痛,减少输卵管痉挛的发生,减少假阳性诊断,且临床用药安全,值得推荐。     

HSG碘油与泛影葡胺影像诊断质量对比研究

目的 探讨碘化油及泛影葡胺两种造影剂行子宫输卵管造影（hysterosalpingography,HSG）对不孕症的影像诊断质量.方法 随机抽取我院自2012年1～8月使用碘化油和泛影葡胺行子宫输卵管造影的患者各200例,统计分析两种造影剂的影像诊断质量.结果 两种造影剂在宫腔、输卵管、盆腔弥散及逆流显示方面具有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,在输卵管积液显示方面具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 碘化油影像质量高于泛影葡胺,碘油应作为子宫输卵管造影首选造影剂.     

Role of hysteroscopy in the evaluation of tubal patency in infertile women

Study objectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of hysteroscopy as a method for the diagnosis of tubal patency using saline distention media.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingInfertility clinic of the Ain-shams University maternity hospital.Materials & methodsSixty-four infertile women underwent hysteroscopy (HSC) and hysterosalpingography (HSG) on two consecutive days. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) was carried out before and after hysteroscopy in order to measure the fluid in the cul-de-sac. The difference between the two methods in the diagnosis of tubal patency was compared using laparoscopy/chromotubation as a gold standard.Main outcome measuresFluid volume measurements were used to determine a cut off value for tubal patency. Pain was recorded at the end of the process.ResultsAccording to the laparoscopy, the sensitivity and specificity of HSC and HSG in detecting tubal patency were 94.6% and 100% vs. 92.8% and 50%, respectively. The best cut off point of the fluid volume in the cul-de-sac at which both tubes are patent is 6 ml. All of the patients reported significantly less pain during hysteroscopy in response to HSG.ConclusionsOffice hysteroscopy combined with TVS may be used as an alternative to HSG, as an effective, easy, safe and minimal invasive office procedure that can be offered as a first line method for the evaluation of the uterine cavity along with the tubes in infertile women.     

子宫输卵管造影诊断符合率及诊断一致性分析

目的:研究不同医师对子宫输卵管造影的诊断符合率以及诊断一致性。方法:选取60例接受宫、腹腔镜手术患者的造影片,由4位临床医师读片诊断。诊断结果分成输卵管积水、输卵管近端阻塞、输卵管远端阻塞、盆腔粘连以及子宫内膜息肉,分别分析各医师的诊断结果与宫、腹腔镜诊断结果的符合率以及一致性(以κ值表示)。结果:造影诊断符合率分别为输卵管积水敏感度83.33%~100.00%,特异度97.22%~98.15%;输卵管近端阻塞敏感度75.00%~83.33%,特异度88.89%~92.60%;输卵管远端阻塞敏感度85.71%~92.86%,特异度77.78%~81.11%;子宫内膜息肉敏感度12.50%~25.00%,特异度94.23%~100.00%;盆腔粘连敏感度58.93%~64.26%,特异度45.31%~64.06%。各医师诊断一致性(κ值):输卵管积水为0.758,输卵管近端阻塞为0.815,输卵管远端阻塞为0.277,盆腔粘连为0.431,子宫内膜息肉为0.658。结论:造影诊断输卵管积水符合率较高;诊断近端阻塞及子宫内膜息肉不易误诊,但易漏诊;诊断远端阻塞不易漏诊,但易误诊;诊断盆腔粘连敏感度及特异度均较低,临床价值有限。不同医师诊断输卵管近端阻塞和输卵管积水一致性较高,输卵管远端阻塞和盆腔粘连诊断一致性较低。     

High incidence of tubal dysfunction is determined by laparoscopy in cases with positive<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chlamydia trachomatis</Emphasis> antibody despite negative finding in prior hysterosalpingography

Aim:  Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is one of the most commonly used methods in order to evaluate the condition of fallopian tubes in infertility clinics. In the present paper, we retrospectively compared the findings of HSG and laparoscopy to elucidate the relationship between tubal dysfunction and background factors, such as Chlamydia trachomatis infection, endometriosis and previous surgery.
Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of 314 patients who were examined by both HSG and laparoscopy between 1996 and 2001 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo.
Results:  When HSG findings were evaluated in reference to those of laparoscopy, sensitivity and specificity for tubal patency were 0.63 and 0.79, respectively, whereas those for peri-tubal adhesion were 0.65 and 0.61, respectively. We compared the percentage of existence of background factors between the patients who were diagnosed as normal by both HSG and laparoscopy (Group L[+]) and those whose fallopian tubes were observed as patent by HSG, but were not patent by chromopertubation under laparoscopy (Group L[–]). The percentage of patients with positive chlamydial antibodies in Group L(–) (42.9%, 15/35) was significantly higher than that of patients with positive chlamydial antibodies in Group L(+) (22.8%, 44/193, P  < 0.05).
Conclusions:  These finding suggested that even if HSG showed normally patent tubes in a patient with positive Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies, the possibility of tubal occulusion still remains high and further examination by laparoscopy is recommended. (Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6 : 39–43)     

Multidetector computed tomography virtual hysterosalpingography in the investigation of the uterus and fallopian tubes

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of multidetector CT virtual hysterosalpingography (MDCT-VH) with conventional X-ray hysterosalpingography (HSG) in the evaluation of patients with diagnosis of infertility. METHODS: Sixty patients with diagnosis of infertility scheduled to perform a HSG, were evaluated with 16-row (n=50) and 64-row (n=10) MDCT-VH. In 35 patients the examination was performed without a tenaculum. The HSGs were carried out using standard technique. The HSG and MDCT-VH findings were compared. The duration for both examinations and patient discomfort were documented. The sensitivity and specificity of MDCT-VH for the detection of uterine pathology and tubal obstruction were calculated using the exact binomial method. Agreement between the two methods was assessed by the Cohen's kappa method (k). RESULTS: The mean duration for MDCT-VH (16 and 64-rows) was 5+/-3min, whereas for HSG was 28+/-3. The MDCT-VH without a tenaculum was the procedure with less patient discomfort. Sensitivity, specificity and inter-method agreement for the detection of uterine pathology were 100%, 92% and k=0.92 for 16-row MDCT-VH and 100%, 100% and k=1 for 64-row MDCT-VH, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of tubal obstruction were 80% and 80% for 16-row MDCT-VH and 100% and 100% for 64-row MDCT-VH, respectively; inter-method agreement for the visualization of the tubes was k=0.54 for 16-row MDCT-VH and k=1 for 64-row MDCT-VH. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the feasibility of evaluating the female reproductive system by MDCT-VH. 64-Row MDCT-VH could be an alternative diagnostic technique in the infertility workup algorithm. A larger study is in progress to validate these encouraging results.     

维吾尔族与汉族不孕女性子宫输卵管造影结果与不孕症病因回顾性研究

目的 通过子宫输卵管碘油造影探讨汉族及维吾尔族女性不孕症原因.方法 回顾分析629例汉族及96例维吾尔族女性门诊不孕症患者的临床及子宫输卵管造影资料,比较汉族与维吾尔族患者子宫输卵管造影结果,从而探讨子宫输卵管因素对两个民族不孕女性的影响.结果 汉族不孕组正常宫腔527例(83.78％),异常宫腔102例(16.22％);维吾尔族不孕组正常宫腔75例(78.12％),异常宫腔21例(21.88％).汉、维不孕症患者子宫造影结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).汉族不孕组实有输卵管1232支,完全梗阻300支(24.35％),近端梗阻179支(占梗阻59.67％);维吾尔族不孕组实有输卵管185支,完全梗阻68支(36.76％),近端梗阻42支(占梗阻61.76％).维吾尔族不孕组输卵管梗阻的发生率高于汉族不孕组(P=0.002),汉、维不孕组输卵管近端梗阻的发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 维吾尔族不孕患者的宫腔异常率并不比汉族不孕患者高.输卵管梗阻是女性不孕的主要原因之一,维吾尔族不孕女性输卵管梗阻率高于汉族不孕女性.