阿托伐他汀对脑梗死患者hs-CRP、MMP-9水平的影响

目的 观察阿托伐他汀干预后脑梗死患者高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）水平变化.方法 选取急性动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死44例,分为两组,分别服用阿托伐他汀、阿司匹林组（A组）和单独服用阿司匹林组（NA组）,测定3个月前后hs-CRP、MMP-9和血脂水平的变化.结果 A组hs-CRP,MMP-9水平均较治疗前显著下降（P〉0.05）,而NA组治疗前后无明显变化.治疗前后血脂水平比较A组TC、LDL-C水平显著下降,NA组变化不明显,TG在两组变化均不明显.结论 阿托伐他汀可能通过减轻炎症反应来稳定颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,从而降低脑血管疾病的发生率和病死率.     

Bariatric surgery decreased the serum level of an endotoxin-associated marker: lipopolysaccharide-binding protein

BackgroundRecent studies have shown serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is associated with obesity and related metabolic disorder. Bariatric surgery can significantly reduce weight, but reports about the change of LBP after bariatric surgery are limited. We investigated LBP concentration and its associations with clinical variables.MethodsWe enrolled 178 obese patients receiving different bariatric surgeries and 38 normal weight individuals. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline in all and 1 year after surgery in obese individuals. The serum LBP concentration was measured.ResultsThe percentage of excess weight loss of mini-gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric band were 72.0±20.0%, 65.5±23.0%, 67.2±18.4%, and 16.1±14.3%, respectively. Serum LBP levels were higher in the obese participants than in the normal weight participants (49.9±15.7 versus 25.2±7.5 μg/mL; P<.001) at baseline and significantly decreased to 35.1±22.6 μg/mL after bariatric surgery (P<.001) in the obese group. In the bariatric participants, after multivariate analyses, preoperative LBP and the change of LBP with surgery were independently associated only with high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P<.001) and the change of hs-CRP (P = .012), respectively, while none of the postoperative variables was independently associated with LBP.ConclusionLBP is associated with body mass index and hs-CRP. Bariatric surgery significantly decreased the serum level of LBP. The relationship between LBP and hs-CRP disappeared after bariatric surgery. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014;0:000–000.) © 2014 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.     

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Level of Circulating High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Vitamin D might elicit protective effects against cardiovascular disease by decreasing the level of circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), an inflammatory marker. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the association of vitamin D supplementation with circulating hs-CRP level. A systematic literature search was conducted in September 2013 (updated in February 2014) via PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane library to identify eligible studies. Either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effects. The results of the meta-analysis of 10 trials involving a total of 924 participants showed that vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased the circulating hs-CRP level by 1.08 mg/L (95% CI, −2.13, −0.03), with the evidence of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis suggested a higher reduction of 2.21 mg/L (95% CI, −3.50, −0.92) among participants with baseline hs-CRP level ≥5 mg/L. Meta-regression analysis further revealed that baseline hs-CRP level, supplemental dose of vitamin D and intervention duration together may be attributed to the heterogeneity across studies. In summary, vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for the reduction of circulating hs-CRP. However, the result should be interpreted with caution because of the evidence of heterogeneity.     

阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林对中风发作期痰瘀互结型患者hs-CRP、GMP140的影响

目的 通过分析阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林治疗对于中风发作期痰瘀互结型患者超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、P-选择素(P-selectin 140,GMP140)的影响,探讨阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林的治疗价值.方法 选取2013年5月～2013年12月南阳市中心医院治疗的175例中风发作期痰瘀互结型患者作为观察对象,根据治疗方案分为观察组89例(采取阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林治疗),对照组86例(采取阿司匹林治疗),选取同期体检的60例健康人作为健康对照组,采用ELISA法检测各组血清hs-CRP及GMP140表达水平,比较各组hs-CRP、GMP140表达差异性.结果 与健康人群比较,中风发作期痰瘀互结型患者血清hs-CRP及GMP140显著升高(P＜0.05);经治疗后,2组患者血清hs-CRP及GMP140显著下降,治疗后观察组hs-CRP和GMP水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组治疗总有效率93.26％,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林能够显著降低中风发作期痰瘀互结型患者hs-CRP、GMP140表达水平,是治疗痰瘀互结型中风发作期较为理想的方案之一.     

Mean platelet volume and coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Platelets with high hemostatic activity play an important role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease(CAD) and mean platelet volume(MPV) has been proposed as an indicator of platelet reactivity. Thus, MPV may emerge as a potential marker of CAD risk. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing mean difference in MPV between patients with CAD and controls and pooling the odds ratio of CAD in those with high versus low MPV.

Methods

Medline and Scopus databases were searched up to 12 March 2013. All observational studies that considered MPV as a study's factor and measured CAD as an outcome were included. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted the data.

Results

Forty studies were included in this meta-analysis. The MPV was significantly larger in patients with CAD than controls with the unstandardized mean difference of 0.70 fL (95% CI: 0.55, 0.85). The unstandardized mean difference of MPV in patients with acute coronary event and in patients with chronic stable angina was 0.84 fL (95% CI: 0.63, 1.04) and 0.46 fL (95% CI: 0.11, 0.81) respectively. Patients with larger MPV (≥ 7.3 fL) also had a greater odds of having CAD than patients with smaller MPV with a pooled odds ratio of 2.28 (95% CI: 1.46, 3.58).

Conclusion

Larger MPV was associated with CAD. Thus, it might be helpful in risk stratification, or improvement of risk prediction if combining it with other risk factors in risk prediction models.     

Inflammatory status modulates plasma lipid and inflammatory marker responses to kiwifruit consumption in hypercholesterolaemic men

Background and aimsKiwifruit has the potential to improve markers of metabolic dysfunction, but the response may be influenced by inflammatory state. We aimed to investigate whether inflammatory state would modulate the effect of consuming two green kiwifruit daily on plasma lipids and markers of inflammation.Methods and resultsEighty-five hypercholesterolaemic men completed a 4-week healthy diet run-in, before randomisation to a controlled cross-over study of two 4-week interventions of two green kiwifruit/day plus healthy diet (intervention) or healthy diet alone (control). Anthropometric measures and fasting blood samples (plasma lipids, serum apolipoproteins A1 and B, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10) were taken at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. Subjects were divided into low and medium inflammatory groups, using pre-intervention hs-CRP concentrations (hs-CRP <1 and 1–3 mg/L, respectively).In the medium inflammatory group the kiwifruit intervention resulted in significant improvements in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (mean difference 0.08 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.12] mmol/L [P < 0.001]), total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio (−0.29 [−0.45, −0.14] mmol/L [P = 0.001]), plasma hs-CRP (−22.1 [−33.6, −4.97]% [P = 0.01]) and IL-6 (−43.7 [−63.0, −14.1]% [P = 0.01]) compared to control treatment. No effects were seen in the low inflammatory group. There were significant between inflammation group differences for TC/HDL-C (P = 0.02), triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C (P = 0.05), and plasma IL-6 (P = 0.04).ConclusionsInflammatory state modulated responses to the kiwifruit intervention by improving inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in subjects with modestly elevated CRP, suggesting this group may particularly benefit from the regular consumption of green kiwifruit.Registered 16th March 2010, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (no. ACTRN12610000213044), www.ANZCTR.org.au.     

Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients of cardiovascular diseases and its association with hs-CRP and TNF-α

Background

There is increasing recognition of association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic syndrome is common in both NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases. Our study is designed to investigate the association of NAFLD with cardiovascular disease.

Methods

It''s a cross-sectional study which included 104 patients of coronary artery disease and hypertensive heart disease. Those patients having secondary causes of steatosis were excluded. Complete cardiovascular evaluation which included assessment of metabolic syndrome, routine biochemistries, viral markers, Ultrasonography (USG) abdomen, hs-CRP and TNF-α levels were obtained for all patients.

Results

Of all patients with cardiovascular disease, 19.2% (20/104) had essential hypertension with hypertensive heart disease the remaining 80.8% (84/104) patients had ischemic heart disease (IHD). On USG 69.2% (72/104) had NAFLD, these 50% (36/72) had grade 1 NAFLD and the rest grade 2 NAFLD. The hs-CRP levels and TNF-α were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD (p-value <0.001) and within patients with NAFLD the levels were higher in patients with grade 2 NAFLD. Also, binary logistic regression showed that high body-mass index (BMI), raised serum triglyceride levels, increased waist circumference and hypertension were significantly associated with the presence of NAFLD.

Conclusion

Our data indicates that NALD is highly prevalent in patients of cardiovascular disease (69.2%) and is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome and its individual components. The levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD and showed an increasing trend with the severity of fatty liver.     

A fish-based diet intervention improves endothelial function in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized crossover trial

Objective

The beneficial effects of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption on atherosclerosis have been reported in numerous epidemiological studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of a fish-based diet intervention on endothelial function have not been investigated. Therefore, we studied these effects in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials/Methods

Twenty-three postmenopausal women with T2DM were assigned to two four-week periods of either a fish-based diet (n-3 PUFAs ≧ 3.0 g/day) or a control diet in a randomized crossover design. Endothelial function was measured with reactive hyperemia using strain-gauge plethysmography and compared with the serum levels of fatty acids and their metabolites. Endothelial function was determined with peak forearm blood flow (Peak), duration of reactive hyperemia (Duration) and flow debt repayment (FDR).

Results

A fish-based dietary intervention improved Peak by 63.7%, Duration by 27.9% and FDR by 70.7%, compared to the control diet. Serum n-3 PUFA levels increased after the fish-based diet period and decreased after the control diet, compared with the baseline (1.49 vs. 0.97 vs. 1.19 mmol/l, p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between serum n-3 PUFA levels and endothelial function. An increased ratio of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid/dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid was observed after a fish-based diet intervention, possibly due to the inhibition of the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase.

Conclusions

A fish-based dietary intervention improves endothelial function in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Dissociation between the serum n-3 PUFA concentration and endothelial function suggests that the other factors may contribute to this phenomenon.     

罗格列酮对apoE基因敲除小鼠血浆高敏C反应蛋白水平的影响

目的探讨罗格列酮对apoE基因敲除小鼠血浆炎症因子水平的影响。方法20只8周龄apoE基因敲除小鼠随机分为动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)模型组和罗格列酮干预组,另取10只8周龄野生型C57/BL小鼠作为正常对照组。3组均饲喂普通饮食,罗格列酮组给予10mg.kg-1.d-1,12周后获取静脉血和主动脉标本。分别用胶乳凝聚法、微量快速测定法及XO法测定高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、丙二醛(MDA)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。HE染色后镜下观察主动脉病变。结果AS模型组主动脉形成明显的动脉粥样硬化斑块,罗格列酮干预组病变较AS组轻;AS组血浆MDA、hs-CRP含量均显著高于正常对照组,罗格列酮干预组MDA、hs-CRP含量均显著低于模型组。模型组血浆SOD含量活性明显低于正常对照组,而罗格列酮干预组活性显著高于模型组。结论罗格列酮具有抗AS作用,且其抗AS作用可能与其抗炎症相关。针对炎症有望控制AS的发生发展。     

NGAL、NAG和炎症指标对脓毒症患者急性肾损伤早期诊断的价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基糖苷酶(NAG)和血降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、WBC对脓毒症患者急性肾损伤(AKI)早期诊断的价值。方法回顾性分析60例脓毒症患者的临床资料,按照患者入ICU 7 d内是否出现AKI分为AKI组和非AKI组,各30例。分析比较两组患者血NGAL、尿NGAL、尿NAG和各项炎症指标的不同。运用ROC曲线评价各指标对AKI早期诊断的敏感性和特异性。结果两组比较,尿NGAL(log10)、血PCT、血hs-CRP的差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。两组血NGAL(log10)、尿NAG差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。ROC曲线:尿NGAL的AUC为0.882(P<0.001),血PCT的AUC为0.756(P<0.001),血hs-CRP的AUC为0.739(P=0.001);当尿NGAL≥155.5 ng/mL时,诊断早期AKI的敏感性为0.833,特异性为0.900;当血PCT≥1.08 ng/mL时,诊断的敏感性为0.600,特异性为0.833;当血hs-CRP≥93.5 mg/L时,诊断的敏感性为0.567,特异性为0.867。结论脓毒症患者尿NGAL、血PCT和hs-CRP升高,对AKI的早期诊断有一定的临床价值。