Collaborative working in health and social care: Lessons learned from post-hoc preliminary findings of a young families’ pregnancy to age 2 project in South Wales,United Kingdom

Children of young and socially disadvantaged parents are more likely to experience adverse outcomes. In response to this, a unique young families’ project in Swansea, UK, was created, which drew together a team of multi-agency professionals, to support people aged 16–24 from 17 weeks of pregnancy throughout 1,001 days of the child's life. The aim of the JIGSO (the Welsh word for Jigsaw) project is for young people to reach their potential as parents and to break the cycle of health and social inequality. This evaluation analysed routinely collected data held by the project from January 2017 to December 2018 exploring health and social outcomes, including smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy, breastfeeding, maternal diet and social services outcomes. Outcomes were compared to local and national averages, where available. Data relating to parenting knowledge and skills were available via records of 10-point Likert scales, one collected at the start of the JIGSO involvement and one around 4–6 months later. Findings showed higher than average levels of breastfeeding initiation and lower smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy. Parents also reported enhanced knowledge and confidence in their child care skills, as well as improved family relationships. Parents with high levels of engagement with JIGSO also appeared to have positive outcomes with Social Services (their child's name was removed from child protection register or their case was closed to social services). This was a post-hoc evaluation, not an intervention study or trial, and thus findings must be interpreted with caution. Despite this, the findings are promising and more prospective research exploring similar services is required.     

持续性枕后位的处理

目的：探讨如何处理持续性枕后位,以尽可能减少母儿并发症。方法：总结分析了１２０例持续性枕后位的孕周、胎儿体重、产重长短对分娩方式的影响以及不同分娩方式对母儿的影响。结果：当孕周大于等于４０周,胎儿体重大于等于３５００ｇ,潜伏期大于８ｈ,活跃期大于４ｈ时,剖宫产率明显增高,持续性枕后位所致的产程延长及手术助产增加了新生儿窒息率和产妇的并发症。结论：对持续性枕后位应正确观察处理各产程,早期诊断,充分估计其阴道分娩的可能性,对不适于阴道分娩者,应果断行剖宫产术,以降低母儿并发症。［     

Medical assessment for licensing of taxi drivers by Scottish Local Authorities

In the UK, licensing of taxi drivers is dealt with by localgovernment authorities. In Scotland, before the recent reorganizationof local government, taxi licensing was under the jurisdictionof District Councils, so a telephone survey was conducted ofall 52 mainland Scottish District Councils to ascertain theprocedures which were being employed in assessing medical fitnessto drive a taxi, for which there is no national standard. Medicalenquiries relevant to fitness to drive were being made by 41(79%) of local authorities, but in 38 (73%) this was limitedto a single question about health. No enquiry regarding healthstatus was being made by 11 (21%) District Councils (all serving< 100,000 population size). Only three Scottish DistrictCouncils conducted a routine medical examination of all applicants.Thirteen of the 15 large (> 100,000 population size), and20 of the 21 medium-sized (50,000–100,000) Scottish DistrictCouncils carried out medical examinations either when a relevantmedical disorder was declared by the applicant, or when theapplicant was above a defined age (which varied between localauthorities). The small local authorities (population < 50,000)examined only those applicants who declared medical disorders.This survey has shown considerable variation and limitationsin the approach of the previously existing Scottish DistrictCouncils to the assessment of medical fitness to drive of applicantsfor taxi licences. It is suggested that national standards andguidelines are required for medical fitness to drive in relationto taxi licensing.     

医学院校教师血压水平及高血压病患病率的调查

为探讨医学高教职业对教师血压的影响,我们对我院579名在职教师的血压及其高血压患病率进行了统计分析,并同对照组进行了比较。结果表明,高教教师无论在总体上,还是与相同工龄段的其他人群相比较,其血压水平及高血压患病率均显著增高(P<0.05,P<0.01),而且随高教教龄的延长,血压及高血压患病率均有明显增高的趋势(P<0.05,P<0.01);中青年高级职称者血压水平较非高级职称者明显增高(P<0.01)。从而提示高教职业长期紧张、高负荷、大工作量的特点是高教教师高血压病患病率增高的重要因素,高教教师尤其高教龄教师是高血压病的高危人群。     

建设我国药学职业道德规范的思考

探讨建设我国药学职业道德规范的思路；阐释和分析建设药学职业道德规范应明确的基本概念及药学职业道德规范的基本内容；建设我国药学职业道德规范，需明确药学职业的责，权，利所在，明确药学职业法律规范与道德规范的关系，明确药学职业道德规范的制定和监督部门。加强药学职业道德教育和继续教育。     

医学高职教育的不可行性分析

医学高等教育,是一种生命科学理论、人体科学技术与自然科学知识相结合的超综合性教育活动,是关于人与人服务的社会特点而开展的知识传授、技术传递、思维培训、个人社会技术引导的"人"的教育过程.由此赋予该专业的课程门类众多、专业理论纵深、知识技术要求娴熟、医德意识最大唤醒等多重功能,不仅基础课程课时量大,而且知识链条关系十分紧密,课程的排列与进度只能是递进式的,因而长时间周期是实施医学教学的第一保证.     

大众教育形势下高等医学教育质量的认识和对策

大众教育形势下高等医学教育质量面临着新的困难和挑战,如何把握和处理好大众教育与医学人才培养质量的关系,成为摆在广大教师和教学管理人员面前的重要课题。我们要认清形势,面对现实,主动分析问题,思考对策,积极采取有效措施确保高等医学教育质量。     

生本教育理念在高等医药教育中的应用

生本教育是一种新的教育理念。当前高等医药教育仍采用以教师为本的教学模式，在这种模式的影响下，越来越多的大学生处于被动学习状态。要扭转这种局面，必须将生本教育的理念贯穿于教学过程。