鼻咽癌高危人群微核特征研究

目的 观察鼻咽癌高危人群的主要细胞遗传学特征。方法 常规培养外周血淋巴细胞，检测鼻咽癌高危人群、鼻咽癌患者、鼻咽炎患者及正常人的微核率。结果 鼻咽癌高危人群及鼻咽癌患者的微核率明显增加，且随病情进展而继续增高。结论 鼻咽癌高危人群存在比较明确的细胞遗传不稳定性。     

围生期窒息发生率和死亡率近10年变迁及相关因素

目的 分析近10年来围生期窒息发生率和死亡率的变迁，探讨围生期窒息相关因素及开展新法复苏对围生期窒息发生率和死亡率的影响。方法对近10年郑州大学第三附属医院分娩的所有活产新生儿的病历资料进行回顾性分析，计算窒息的发生率、死亡率、病死率，观察上述指标的逐年变化趋势及季节变化的情况，并探讨性别、双／多胎、出生体质量、胎龄分娩方式对这些指标的影响。结果轻度窒息发生率在开展新法复苏后明显下降，并稳定在1．5％左右，而重度窒息的发生率和病死率均无明显变化。窒息儿的发生率以4月份最高，但死亡率和病死率以7月份最高。窒息的发生还与性别、双／多胎、出生体质量、早产以及阴道助产有关。结论围生期窒息的发生与性别、双／多胎、出生体质量、胎龄密切相关；新法复苏能显著降低轻度窒息的发生率，对重度窒息的发生率和窒息病死率无明显影响；窒息儿的死亡率和病死率与季节有关。     

Delusion symptoms are associated with ApoE ε4 allelic variant at the early stage of Alzheimer''s disease with late onset

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with mixed cognitive and behavioural clinical manifestations. The possession of apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) epsilon4 allelic variant is one of the most important risk factors for developing late-onset AD (LOAD). In this study we analysed the relationship between the entire range of behavioural symptoms, cognitive deficit, and sociodemographic characteristics and ApoE epsilon4 allele possession with multivariate logistic regression models in LOAD patients. Patients included (n = 171) were consecutively admitted in a memory clinic for the first diagnostic visit. Levels of behaviour and cognition within the last month were assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and Mini Mental State Examination. Presence of clinically significant psychosis, delusions and hallucinations at the early stage of the illness, from the onset to the first visit, was measured with diagnostic criteria. ApoE epsilon4 allele possession was associated with increased levels of delusions within the last month from the first visit (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.01-1.50; P < 0.05) and with the presence of categorical delusions at the early stage until the first visit (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.21-8.01; P < 0.02). In this study, which considers the entire range of behavioural expressions in LOAD patients at the early stage of the illness, the relationship between behaviour and ApoE epsilon4 allele is confirmed for delusions only.     

The comparative evaluation of cellular localization of viral antigens with microscopic changes in the ileum of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea

The correlation between microscopic changes with cellular localization of viral antigens was studied in the ileum of 16 cases infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Microscopic lesions in the ileum included multifocal erosive and ulcerative ileitis, severe congestion and hemorrhage, crypt dilation and mucus engorgement, epithelial debris and leukocytes, lymphoid depletion of Peyer’s patches, herniation of mucosal epithelium into depleted Peyer’s patches, and fibrinoid vasculitis of submucosal vessels. BVDV antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in macrophages, dendritic cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells of crypts, and mucosal epithelium, together with other mononuclear cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblasts, and intramural ganglial cells. No consistent correlation between the presence of BVDV antigen and vascular lesions in the ileum was identified. The intensity and distribution of the immunoperoxidase stain in the ileum was graded as highly positive (18.7%), moderately positive (56.3%), and mildly positive (25%). In conclusion, the pattern and density of distribution and localization of BVDV antigen in the ileum was not consistently correlated with the severity of microscopic lesions.     

The nocturnal jejunal migrating motor complex: defining normal ranges by study of 51 healthy adult volunteers and meta-analysis

Interdigestive human small bowel motility is characterized by the migrating motor complex (MMC). The aims of this study were to: (i) establish the normal range of variables of the nocturnal jejunal MMC and (ii) incorporate these data in a subsequent meta-analysis. Eighty-one recordings were performed by prolonged (24 h) ambulatory manometry in 51 subjects in two centres. Quantitative analysis was undertaken of 419 Phase III and 332 Phase II episodes. Adjusted mean values of seven variables were calculated using a mixed-effects model. Meta-analysis of pooled published data to generate a reliable 95% reference range was also performed. Adjusted mean values and confidence intervals are presented for all seven variables. Intrasubject variances were large in comparison with intersubject. Meta-analysis of 19 studies (356 pooled patients) meeting inclusion criteria produced wide reference ranges. At least five such ranges are useful for the detection of abnormality in the individual. This is the largest study of normal volunteers presented to date, with ranges for many variables produced using appropriate statistical methodology. A model for definition of abnormality has been proposed. We recommend that these data may be used by investigators in this field as a complement to other existing indicators of small bowel dysmotility.     

Can Electrocardiographic Criteria Predict Adverse Cardiac Events and Positive Cardiac Markers?

OBJECTIVES: To determine electrocardiogram (ECG) predictors of positive cardiac markers and short-term adverse cardiac events in an undifferentiated chest pain population presenting to emergency departments (EDs). The authors hypothesized that specific ECG findings, other than those previously identified in higher-risk populations, would be predictive of cardiac outcomes and positive cardiac markers. METHODS: This study used data from a prospectively collected, retrospectively analyzed Internet-based data registry of undifferentiated chest pain patients (i*trACS). Logistic regression modeling was performed to determine the ECG findings that were predictive of 1) positive cardiac markers and 2) short-term adverse cardiac events. RESULTS: ST-segment elevation (STE), ST-segment depression (STD), pathological Q-waves (PQW), and T-wave inversion were associated with increased odds of percutaneous coronary intervention or catheterization, myocardial infarction, or coronary artery bypass grafting. The odds of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) measuring positive were increased if STE, STD, or PQW were present [odds ratio (OR) 2.495, 2.582, and 1.295, respectively]. A right bundle branch block tended to decrease the odds of CK-MB measuring positive (OR 0.658). A similar pattern of results was observed for troponin I (OR 3.608 for STE, 3.72 for STD, 1.538 for PQW). Troponin T showed an increased odds of measuring positive if any of STE, STD, left bundle branch block, or T-wave inversion were evident (OR 2.313, 2.816, 1.80, and 1.449, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Initial ECG criteria can be used to predict short-term cardiac outcomes and positive cardiac markers. These findings can be important aids in the risk-stratification and aggressive treatment regimens of chest pain patients presenting to EDs.     

Epstein-Barr virus DNA in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin''s disease is frequently associated with CR2 (EBV receptor) expression

We studied 44 cases of Hodgkin's disease for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA, its localization and the expression of the EBV receptor on the tumour cells. EBV DNA was found in 52% (16/31) of the Hodgkin's lymphomas using the polymerase chain reaction. With a very sensitive non-radioactive DNA in situ hybridization technique in combination with immunohistochemistry for CD 30 or CD 15 antigens, EBV DNA was localized to Reed-Sternberg cells and its mononuclear variants. The relationship between the presence of EBV DNA and the expression of the EBV-receptor CR2 (CD 21) on Reed-Sternberg cells was studied using the same techniques and two different monoclonal anti-CD 21 antibodies. CR2 could be detected on a substantial number of the Reed-Sternberg cells in EBV DNA positive Hodgkin's lymphomas (9/12; 75%), whereas in EBV negative cases positivity with anti-CD 21 was rare (1/13; 8%). The results indicate that CR2 expression on Reed-Sternberg cells and the presence of EBV DNA sequences are frequently associated in Hodgkin's lymphomas.     

D2-43病毒E蛋白在酵母细胞表面的展示

目的：在酵母细胞表面展示登革2型病毒43株(D2—43)的E基因，探索利用酵母表面展示系统建立DNA改组筛选平台的可行性。方法：通过RT-PCR扩增获得D2-43的E基因，将该基因亚克隆至T载体后，再克隆至酵母表面展示载体pYDI，于酿酒酵母EBY100中利用半乳糖进行诱导表达。表达产物采用间接免疫荧光法和FACS进行检测。结果：酵母表面展示产物可与D2-43的腹水抗体特异性地结合；在半乳糖诱导后24h，展示E蛋白的酵母细胞百分数达22．07％。结论：本研究为建立基于酵母表面展示系统的DNA改组筛选平台奠定了基础。     

A nationwide survey of excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease in France

To determine the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and that of dozing and sudden onset of sleep episodes (SOS) while driving in ambulatory patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in France, a national sample of private and public neurologists was asked to recruit the first 10 consecutive nondemented PD patients. Each patient completed a questionnaire including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the likelihood of dozing off and experiencing SOS episodes behind the wheel. Clinical and demographic data were collected. One thousand six hundred and twenty‐five patients with PD were included in the survey. Twenty‐nine percent of the patients suffered from EDS (ESS score ≥10) but only 0.8% declared a high chance of dozing while driving and 0.5% reported totally unpredictable SOS episodes while driving. Risk factors for EDS were male gender, reduced activity of daily living, and a high daily levodopa equivalent dosage. Risk factors for SOS episodes while driving were an ESS score ≥10, male gender, and low Hoehn and Yahr staging. EDS is common in ambulatory patients with PD and is a major risk factor for dozing and for SOS episodes behind the wheel in patients who drive. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society