A Hemoperfusion Column Based on Activated Carbon Granules Coated with an Ultrathin Membrane of Cellulose Acetate

A hemoperfusion system has been developed which makes use of activated carbon encapsulated with cellulose acetate. Studies have revealed that there are no stagnant flow regions in the column, there is minimal particle release and the coating is 30 A thick. The relationships between pore size, pore volume and surface area have been examined. Twenty-five patients in grade IV coma have been treated with the column for treatment of drug overdose or agricultural chemical poisoning; the clinical course of one meprobamate-poisoned patient is described in detail.     

维持性血液透析患者采用不同血液净化方式心脏瓣膜钙化高危因素分析

目的观察维持性血液透析患者采用不同血液净化方式心脏瓣膜钙化患病情况及高危因素分析。方法收集在泰兴市人民医院血液净化中心维持血液透析患者54例,分为血液透析(HD)组18例、血液滤过(HDF)组18例、血液灌流串联血液透析(HP+HD)组18例。观察各组患者治疗前后血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)指标变化及心脏瓣膜钙化程度,分析血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积、PTH与心脏瓣膜钙化的关系。结果 (1)治疗12个月后54例患者中有23例(42.59%)出现不同程度的心脏瓣膜钙化,3组患者心脏瓣膜钙化发生率分别为HD组55.56%,HDF组44.44%,HP+HD组27.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)治疗12个月后,Ⅰ度钙化组血磷、钙磷乘积及PTH水平明显高于无钙化组(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ度钙化组血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积、PTH水平高于无钙化组和Ⅰ度钙化组(P<0.05),Ⅲ度钙化组血磷、钙磷乘积及PTH水平明显高于Ⅱ度钙化组(P<0.05)。(3)HD组治疗前后血钙、血磷、PTH比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HDF组、HP+HD组治疗后血钙较治疗前升高,血磷及PTH下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后3组患者血钙比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后HDF组和HP+HD组的血磷、PTH水平明显低于HD组(P<0.05);HP+HD组的血磷及PTH水平与HDF组比较明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高磷血症、高PTH等是心脏瓣膜钙化的高危因素,应用HDF、HP+HD透析方式能较好地清除血磷、PTH等,以HP+HD透析方式尤佳,可降低心脏瓣膜钙化率。     

Angiopoietin balance in septic shock patients with acute lung injury: effect of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber

Acute lung injury (ALI) in sepsis is characterized by an increase in microvascular permeability, resulting in pulmonary edema. Several studies have suggested that angiopoietin-1 and -2 play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of ALI. Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion is effective for sepsis-induced ALI. We investigated the angiopoietin levels before and after direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column (PMX) therapy. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure the serum angiopoietin-1 and -2 levels in 25 patients with septic shock treated with PMX. Eleven of the 25 patients were diagnosed with ALI. There was a significant positive correlation between the angiopoietin-1 level and the PaO(2) /FiO(2) ratio, but there was a significant inverse correlation between the angiopoietin-2 level and the PaO(2) /FiO(2) ratio. The mean angiopoietin-1 level before PMX therapy in the ALI group was significantly lower and the mean angiopoietin-2 level was significantly higher than in the non-ALI group. The mean angiopoietin-1 level of the ALI patients in response to PMX therapy was increased during PMX therapy, but that of the non-ALI patients with newly occurring ALI showed a decreased angiopoietin-1 level. On the other hand, the mean angiopoietin-2 level of the responders was decreased during PMX therapy, but that of patients with newly occurring ALI showed an increased angiopoietin-2 level. This result suggested that each angiopoietin-1 and -2 level may play a role in the pathogenesis of ALI and that PMX therapy ameliorates the angiopoietin balance in patients with ALI in sepsis.     

Serum TNF-related and weak inducer of apoptosis levels in septic shock patients

Capillary permeability is a tightly regulated feature of microcirculation in all organ beds. In sepsis, this feature is fundamentally altered. We have previously reported elevated levels of angiopoietin-2 in patients with septic shock, and have investigated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related and weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), which mediates both angiogenesis and inflammation, in those patients. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure serum TWEAK levels in 20 patients with septic shock, all of whom were treated by direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column (DHP-PMX), and in 20 non-septic controls. The TWEAK levels were higher in patients with septic shock (192.8 ± 230.5 pg/mL) than in controls (84.1 ± 28.7 pg/mL, P = 0.043). Between 11 survivors and 10 non-survivors, there was no significant difference in the serum TWEAK levels before the DHP-PMX therapy. During DHP-PMX therapy, however, the serum TWEAK levels were significantly increased in non-survivors (142.2 ± 88.1 pg/mL to 399.0 ± 307.1 pg/mL, P = 0.022). There was a significant correlation between the serum TWEAK levels and white blood cell counts (r = 0.393, P < 0.001), platelet counts (r = 0.418, P < 0.001), or serum CRP levels (r = 0.259, P = 0.029), but there was no correlation between the serum TWEAK levels and blood pressure. The serum TWEAK levels were also correlated with the ratio of angiopoietin-2 to -1 (r = 0.464, P < 0.001). TWEAK may be a suitable marker of disease severity and mortality in septic patients, and TWEAK levels may be associated with vascular permeability via angiopoietin balance.     

选择性脑灌注在主动脉手术中的应用

目的探讨中低温选择性脑灌注在主动脉手术应用的安全性及优越性。方法回顾性分析2006年1月～2009年6月在广东省人民医院行升主动脉和主动脉弓手术的108例患者[根据脑保护方法的不同分为深低温停循环组(32例)、深低温选择性脑灌注组(35例)、中低温选择性脑灌注组(41例)]的临床资料、体外循环方法和时间、病死率及并发症发生率等,并进行统计学分析。结果中低温选择性脑灌注组体外循环时间低于深低温停循环组和深低温选择性脑灌注组,差异有统计学意义[(184.56±24.01)min vs.(216.94±25.22)min vs.(200.09±23.80)min,P<0.05];再次开胸率也低于其他两组,差异有统计学意义[4.9%(2/41) vs.14.3%(5/35) vs.25.0%(8/32),P<0.05]。术后呼吸功能不全、肾功能衰竭、感染、腹部并发症和截瘫的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组住院病死率、一过性和永久性神经系统并发症的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论中低温选择性脑灌注是一种安全有效的脑保护方法,缩短了体外循环时间,降低了术后再次开胸率。     

血液滤过联合灌流治疗对重症急性胰腺炎继发肺损伤患者血清TNF-α及血管内皮细胞RhoA磷酸化修饰的影响

目的探讨血液滤过联合血液灌流(HF+HP)治疗对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)继发肺损伤患者血清中TNF-α的清除作用及对内皮细胞中RhoA的188位丝氨酸磷酸化修饰(p-RhoA)的影响。方法选取35例SAP患者纳入实验研究,其中SAP继发急性肺损伤(ALI)/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)28例,未继发ALI/ARDS 7例,同时设正常对照组20例。全部SAP患者收入中心ICU治疗,其中9例SAP继发ARDS患者给予连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)联合HP治疗(HF+HP组)。应用ELISA法检测不同程度肺损伤的SAP患者血清中TNF-α水平的变化,以及采用HF+HP治疗的9例SAP继发ARDS患者治疗不同时间点血清中TNF-α的浓度。体外实验采用HF+HP治疗不同时间点患者的血清分别刺激体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),并以重组人TNF-α刺激细胞作为阳性对照,蛋白质印迹分析检测各组HUVECs中p-RhoA与总RhoA蛋白的表达,免疫荧光染色观察p-RhoA在细胞内的分布。结果与未继发ALI/ARDS患者比较,SAP继发ALI/ARDS的患者血清中TNF-α水平明显升高(P<0.05),尤以继发ARDS的患者升高最为明显(约为正常对照组的7倍)。采用HF+HP治疗的9例SAP继发ARDS患者治疗6h后,血清中TNF-α水平与HF+HP治疗前比较开始下降,至治疗20h下降最为明显,接近正常组水平;HF+HP治疗后,SAP继发ARDS患者动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、HCO3-水平、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)均较治疗前上升(P<0.05)。蛋白质印迹分析结果表明,HF+HP治疗后SAP继发ARDS患者血清诱导的HUVECs中p-RhoA水平逐渐升高(P<0.05),但各组RhoA总蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫荧光结果显示,在HUVEsC中,p-RhoA主要分布在细胞质,各组变化趋势与蛋白质印迹分析结果一致。结论 SAP继发ALI/ARDS患者血循环中存在高水平的TNF-α。HF+HP治疗可有效地清除SAP继发ALI/ARDS患者血液中大量生成的TNF-α,并抑制RhoA的活化,从而起到降低内皮细胞高通透性的作用。     

血液灌流联合血液透析救治重度急性中毒疗效观察

目的：观察血液灌流（HP）联合血液透析（HD）救治重度急性中毒的疗效。方法：将72例重度急性中毒患者随机分为治疗组（36例）和对照组（36例）,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组则在常规治疗基础上采用HP联合HD治疗,观察两组临床疗效。结果：治疗组抢救成功率高于对照组（P＜0．01）,死亡率低于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论：HP联合HD治疗急性重度中毒疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

不同血液净化方式对伴急性肾衰的多器官功能障碍疗效的研究

目的:观察血液灌流(HP)联合持续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗伴急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)的多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者的临床疗效,并探讨其机制。方法:将40例伴ARF的MODS患者随机分为两组,一组单纯以CVVH治疗,另一组以HP+CVVH治疗,比较两组治疗前后APACHEⅡ评分改善、尿素氮、肌酐和TNF-α及IL-6变化情况。结果:两组治疗后,患者临床状况改善;APACHEⅡ评分均下降,联合治疗组下降更明显;尿素氮和肌酐均下降,两组之间无差别;血清TNF-α及IL-6均降低,但联合治疗组明显优于单纯治疗组(P<0.05)。结论:血液灌流联合持续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗伴ARF的MODS可有效调节患者炎症因子水平,提高疗效。     

急性乌头碱中毒13例临床分析

目的:总结乌头碱中毒的临床特征和治疗方法,以提高其抢救成功率.方法:回顾性分析我科2010年1月～2011年12月收治的13例乌头碱中毒患者的临床资料.结果:13例均出现心律失常,其中室性早搏10例,频发多源性室早8例,反复室速、室颤3例,窦性心动过缓、房室传导阻滞2例;治愈12例,死亡1例.结论:尽快清除体内毒物、及早血液灌流、积极有效控制各类心律失常等综合治疗是提高乌头碱中毒抢救成功率的关键.