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61.
Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be difficult to treat and require a coordinated approach for their management. This involves quickly controlling the source of infection, establishing a correct etiologic diagnosis and administering appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy. Once antimicrobial therapy has been initiated and susceptibilities are available, therapy should be tailored with optimized antibiotic doses for an appropriate duration in order to sufficiently treat the infection and minimize resistance emergence.  相似文献   
62.
Emerging β-lactamase-producing-bacteria (ESBL, AmpC and carbapenemases) have become a serious problem in our community due to their startling spread worldwide and their ability to cause infections which are difficult to treat. Diagnosis of these β-lactamases is of clinical and epidemiological interest. Over the past 10 years, several methods have been developed aiming to rapidly detect these emerging enzymes, thus preventing their rapid spread. In this review, we describe the range of screening and detection methods (phenotypic, molecular and other) for detecting these β-lactamases but also whole genome sequencing as a tool for detecting the genes encoding these enzymes.  相似文献   
63.
三组中药对耐药菌株的联合作用研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
 目的探讨中药对耐药菌株的联合抑菌作用。方法采用药基法测定了黄芩、大黄、蒲公英、大青叶、鸡屎藤、柳叶白前乙醇提取物对耐药菌株的抑制作用,用棋盘试验法评价了黄芩与大黄、蒲公英与大青叶、鸡屎藤与柳叶白前对耐药菌株的联合作用,用沙门氏菌耐药株人工感染小鼠,观察了鸡屎藤与柳叶白前配伍的体内抗感染效果。结果黄芩、大黄对金黄色葡萄球菌标准株与耐药株的MIC相同,对其他几株耐药菌有较好的抑制作用,蒲公英、大青叶、鸡屎藤、柳叶白前作用较弱,黄芩与大黄存在部分协同或相加作用,蒲公英与大青叶为拮抗作用,鸡屎藤与柳叶白前为部分协同作用并具有较好的体内抗感染作用。结论黄芩与大黄配伍、鸡屎藤与柳叶白前配伍对耐药菌株有较好的抑制作用。  相似文献   
64.
目的: 分析重症监护室(ICU)医院感染主要病原学分布及其耐药情况。方法: 对124例医院感染患者的病原学资料进行分析。结果: 共检测阳性标本178份,其中分离出革兰阴性(G-)杆菌142株,革兰阳性(G+)球菌15株,真菌21株。G-杆菌中最常见的依次为:铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种、鲍曼不动杆菌和洋葱伯克霍尔德菌。G+球菌中最常见的依次为:金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌等。真菌中最常见的依次为:白假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌等。铜绿假单胞菌仅头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星、妥布霉素和多黏菌素E耐药率<30%。肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率普遍>40%,耐药率<45%有阿米卡星、环丙沙星、妥布霉素和复方磺胺甲口恶唑等。鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率<20%有头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南和美洛培南,其他抗生素耐药率均>70%。未发现对万古霉素、替考拉宁耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌。白假丝酵母对常用抗真菌药物表现为较高敏感性。结论: ICU 医院感染病原菌以G-杆菌为主,细菌耐药普遍,密切监测ICU医院感染的常见致病菌及其对抗生素的敏感性,对指导临床合理用药,提高临床抗感染治疗效果十分重要。  相似文献   
65.
[摘要] 〖HTH〗目的〖HTSS〗探讨宫颈癌继发阴道炎患者的病原菌分布情况,并分析其危险因素。 〖HTH〗方法〖HTSS〗回顾性分析120例宫颈癌患者的临床资料,统计阴道炎的发生率和病原菌分布情况。按是否继发阴道炎分为发生组和未发生组,比较2组可能影响宫颈癌继发阴道炎因素的构成比,并对可能的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。 〖HTH〗结果〖HTSS〗120例宫颈癌患者中继发阴道炎42例(35.00%);继发阴道炎患者共检出72株病原菌,真菌、革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌的占比分别为52.78%、31.94%和15.28%,其中分别以白色假丝酵母菌、大肠埃希菌和葡萄球菌的占比最高,分别为27.78%、12.50%和8.33%。发生组年龄>60岁、有阴道炎既往史、伴有糖尿病、手术、手术患者术后引流时间>24 h、化疗、放疗构成比均高于未发生组,采用阴道洗剂者构成比低于未发生组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄>60岁、有阴道炎既往史、伴有糖尿病、手术、手术患者术后引流时间>24 h、化疗、放疗是宫颈癌继发阴道炎的危险因素,采用阴道洗剂是宫颈癌继发阴道炎的保护因素(P<0.05)。 〖HTH〗结论〖HTSS〗宫颈癌继发阴道炎的风险较高,以真菌为主要病原菌,危险因素也较多,需要针对危险因素制定防控措施,鼓励患者合理使用阴道洗剂。  相似文献   
66.
目的 探讨酪酸菌对小鼠有害气体排放的影响.方法 80只KM小鼠分4组,每组20只,雌雄各半,Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组分别连续21 d灌胃酪酸菌500 mg/kg、1 000 mg/kg、1 500 mg/kg,每日测定独立通气笼内氨(NH3)和硫化氢(H2S)浓度,试验21d测定各组小鼠生长性能、小鼠粪便中脲酶活性.结果 与对照组相比,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组小鼠的平均日增重略有提高,但没有统计学差异;灌胃后7d,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组笼内NH3含量明显低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),各组均未检测到H2S.结论 酪酸菌可能会影响小鼠的生长性能和氨的排放.  相似文献   
67.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Zirconia implants (ZI) are becoming more popular in implant dentistry, as a result of their favorable esthetic outcome. However, little is known about the impact laser application has on this material in the course of peri-implantitis treatment. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the influence of Er:YAG, CO(2) and diode laser irradiation on polished ZI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic disks were irradiated at different power settings with either an Er:YAG, CO(2) or diode laser. The surface of the disks was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal 3D white light microscopy (CWLM). In addition energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was performed on all disks. Six specimens were used for each parameter set of each laser. RESULTS: SEM analysis demonstrated that, regardless of the power settings, neither the diode laser nor the Er:YAG laser caused any visible surface alterations to ZI. The results of the CWLM were in agreement with the SEM pictures. However, Er:YAG irradiation did penetrate through the disks. At various power settings, the CO(2) treatment was characterized by material cracking and melting. The increased roughness values (from CWLM) of the ZI underlined the SEM observations. CONCLUSION: In contrast to diode and Er:YAG laser irradiation, the CO(2) laser revealed distinct surface alterations to zirconia at various laser parameters. However, the Er:YAG laser cannot be recommended for the treatment of ailing implants, as the laser beam penetrates the material. In this respect, currently, diode lasers seem to be the only laser systems offering surface preservation and safety in the treatment of peri-implantits with ZI.  相似文献   
68.
采用小试规模的EGSB反应器,接种厌氧絮状污泥,培养出SRB颗粒污泥并研究了SRB颗粒污泥形成的工艺条件与影响因素。研究表明,进水SO4^2-负荷、碳氮磷源、COD与SO4^2-质量浓度比、反应器的启动方式、水力负荷、微量元素、H2S、pH、温度等是影响SRB污泥颗粒化的主要工艺条件。  相似文献   
69.
Our aim was to compare the presence and species composition of coryneform bacteria in chronic prostatitis patients and controls. Semen of 50 men with inflammatory prostatitis and 59 controls (without pelvic pain/discomfort complaints and leukocytospermia) was investigated. First-catch urine was additionally investigated in 36 men (30 with and 6 without prostatitis). Coryneform bacteria were found in semen of 76% men with inflammatory prostatitis and 83% controls. More than half of the isolates were identified as Corynebacterium seminale. Prostatitis patients with severe leukocytospermia (>1 million white blood cells per ml) harboured significantly more Corynebacterium group G (33% vs. 2%, p = 0.0003) and Arthrobacter sp. (17% vs. 2%, p = 0.03) in comparison with controls. Nine species of coryneforms with high concentration (>or=10,000 CFU per ml) were found in prostatitis patients as against only four species in controls. Half of the men harboured corynebacteria in semen as well as in urine, 22% of men in semen only, and 3% in urine only. The total concentration of coryneforms was greater in semen than in urine (median 5000 vs. 100 CFU per ml, p = 0.053). We suggest that although coryneforms are generally considered as saprophytes, they are not uniform and some species (Corynebacterium group G and Arthrobacter sp.) may be associated with inflammatory prostatitis.  相似文献   
70.
Background contextAlthough the incidence of pyogenic spinal infections is increasing, the ideal treatment of spondylodiscitis is still a controversially discussed issue. Furthermore, the proportion of multiresistant bacteria in spondylodiscitis is increasing, and treatment recommendations or reported results are missing for this especially difficult subset of patients.PurposeThe aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcome and the postoperative antibacterial treatment regime.Study designRetrospective case series.Patient samplePatients treated for a spondylodiscitis from multiresistant bacteria at our department between 2006 and 2011.MethodsData were gathered through review of patients' case notes, relevant imaging, and electronic records. Magnetic resonance imaging of the whole spine including gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced T1 sequences and computed tomography scans of the affected regions were obtained in all cases.Outcome measuresC-reactive protein (CRP) and complete blood cell count were analyzed in all cases using routine laboratory techniques. Neurologic deficits were classified according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale.ResultsTwenty-five patients were identified (15 gram-positive and 10 gram-negative drug-multiresistant bacteria). The mean age at presentation was 66 years, and 14 patients were male (56%). All patients presented with pain, and a neurologic deficit was present in 11 (44%) cases. An epidural abscess was found in 11 (44%) cases. At admission, CRP was elevated in all cases with a mean of 13±9.2 mg/dL. The main source of infection was previous spine surgery (36%). All patients in this series underwent surgical debridement of the infection and instrumentation of the spine. Postoperative intravenous antibiotics were administered for 19±8.6 days followed by 3±0.3 months of oral antibiotic therapy. Eradication of the infection was achieved ultimately in all surviving patients. Out of 11 patients with neurologic deficits, 4 had a full recovery, 4 improved incompletely, and 3 remained unchanged after surgery.ConclusionsStaged surgical immobilization and instrumentation and optimal debridement at the interdiscal space and spinal canal is a reliable approach to achieve complete healing of spinal infection with multiresistant bacteria. A period of intravenous antibiotic therapy of 2 to 3 weeks followed by a 3-month oral antibiotic therapy seems appropriate for most cases.  相似文献   
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