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51.
52.
Chris Fussman David Todem Johannes Forster Hassan Arshad Radvan Urbanek Wilfried Karmaus 《The Journal of asthma》2007,44(2):99-105
The effect of cow's milk consumption on childhood asthma has been debated for several years. This study attempts to provide further insight into this association through the use of a longitudinal study design. Newborns from parents with atopic history were recruited from Germany, Austria, and England (n = 696). For five repeated ascertainments, information was collected on cow's milk exposure, incidence of doctor-diagnosed asthma, and confounders. Generalized estimation equations, incorporating different models (concurrent, delayed, combined, and reverse causation), were used to determine this association. No association between cow's milk consumption and childhood asthma was found for the concurrent effects model (OR = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55, 1.20). In the delayed effects model, the direction of the association varied with time of follow-up. Thus, we stratified by period, which resulted in a significant protective delayed effect at 36 months (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.49). However, reverse causation negated this finding since the presence of asthma in prior months led to a reduction in further exposure to cow's milk (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.99). Hence, cow's milk consumption does not protect against childhood asthma. The apparent protection of cow's milk against asthma may result from parents of asthmatic children avoiding cow's milk, rather than actual prophylaxis. 相似文献
53.
Friedrich Manz Hermann Kalhoff Thomas Remer 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1997,11(2):231-243
In early infancy, complex disorders of acid base metabolism are more frequent than in any other age group, with a predisposition
to metabolic acidosis due to an age-related low renal capacity for acid excretion and an unphysiologically high actual renal
acid load in nutrition with common formulas. Recently in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants, persistent maximum
renal net acid excretion (NAE) with subnormal or normal blood acid base status, impaired weight gain, and adaptive hormonal
reactions have been observed. Incipient late metabolic acidosis is one example of a mixed disorder of acid base metabolism
with maximum renal NAE in early infancy. Alkali therapy is highly effective and can be realized both on an individual basis,
using urine pH screening as a diagnostic criterium for maximum renal acid stimulation, or on a general preventive level using
modified standard formula with a reduced actual renal NAE similar to that seen on alimentation with human milk. From an integrated
point of view, the low glomerular filtration rate and renal capacity for acid excretion beyond the developmental age of more
than 44 weeks, may well be interpreted as the result of a specific adaptation to breast feeding sparing energy, and thus an
evolutionary advantage for the survival of mother and child.
Received July 10, 1996; received in revised form and accepted October 7, 1996 相似文献
54.
A 27-year-old woman developed chickenpox postpartum. Her 2-month-old son who was breast fed also acquired chickenpox 16 days after the onset of the mother's illness. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA was detected in maternal breast milk by the polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that transmission of VZV may occur via maternal breast milk. 相似文献
55.
豆番粉与玉米粉对人体血糖胰岛素胰升血糖素的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的探讨豆番粉和玉米粉对人体餐后血糖、胰岛素、胰升血糖素的影响。方法选择Ⅱ型糖尿病人、肥胖人、健康人,d1均进食面粉,d2随机进食豆番粉或玉米粉,测量2d的空腹血糖及餐后30、60、120、180min各5个时点的血糖、胰岛素、胰升血糖素值。结果糖尿病人进食豆番粉后60、120、180min的血糖值低于进食面粉,P分别<0.01、0.01、0.05;进食玉米粉后120、180min血糖值低于面粉,P<0.05。2种实验食物的血糖增值面积均低于面粉,P<0.05;进食豆番粉后各时点胰岛素值、胰升血糖素值明显低于进食面粉,P<0.05或<0.01;进食玉米粉后同时点胰岛素值与面粉相比无显著性差异,胰升糖素值30、120min有显著性差异。肥胖人进食豆番粉后血糖值与面粉相比无显著性差异,但胰岛素值、胰升血糖素值有明显下降,各时点值P均<0.05。结论①豆番粉血糖指数低,可控制餐后高血糖状态,不增加胰岛素、胰升血糖素分泌,可减轻胰岛素抵抗。②玉米粉血糖曲线增值面积、低于面粉,可作为糖尿病人选择的食品,对改善胰岛素抵抗也有较好的作用。 相似文献
56.
β-Lactoglobulin was isolated from infant formulae that were ultra high temperature (UHT) -treated, sterilized or spray-dried. The effect of the isolated β-lactoglobulin on SfaII-fimbriae-mediated adhesion of Escherichia coli to human ileostomy glycoproteins was studied in vitro. β-Lactoglobulin isolated from sterilized formulae was found to perform significantly less well than preparations from spray-dried formulae (p = 0:05). Great heterogeneity was observed in the adhesion inhibitory capacity of β-lactoglobulin isolated from UHT-treated formulae. Therefore, no significant difference was observed between UHT-treated and sterilized formulae or spray-dried formulae (p < 0:10). It can be hypothesized that β-lactoglobulin from spray-dried and some UHT-treated infant formulae may affect the colonization of mucous membranes by E. coli strains causing neonatal septicaemia and meningitis. 相似文献
57.
Although knowledge of functional differentiation and tumour-associated changes of breast carcinomas can be gained by the application of antibodies directed against the milk fat globule membrane, more significant information may be obtained by assessment of the potential of breast carcinomas to modulate their antigenic phenotype. In this study, the extend to which primary tumours can undergo modulation in vitro has been investigated, with consideration of the suitability of organ culture in combination with the immunohistochemical detection of two milk fat globule membrane epitopes, HMFG1 and HMFG2, as methods for detecting this. The preservation of three of the 30 carcinomas assessed, all poorly differentiated, was poor after 3 days of culture. The viability of the other 27 was variable, and was greater in the better differentiated tumours and with the addition of insulin. Expression of the milk fat globule membrane epitopes was generally well maintained. Six of the carcinomas showed a significant change in antigen expression, with this being more frequent in tissues incubated with insulin. Hence, a small group of carcinomas have been identified which appear to have a greater capacity to undergo functional differentiation. Organ culture is considered to be a suitable method for maintaining the tissues in vitro for such evaluation, but the problems encountered in quantifying the immunohistochemical staining, because of antigenic heterogeneity, were such that it is suggested that other approaches be employed. 相似文献
58.
A.M. Vacca-Smith B.C. Van Wuyckhuyse L.A. Tabak W.H. Bowen 《Archives of oral biology》1994,39(12):1063-1069
Experiments sought to determine the nature of the binding of milk proteins to hydroxyapatite (HA) and to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA), and to determine the effect of milk and casein on the adherence of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 to sHA. The binding of radiolabelled -casein to HA was reduced when incubated simultaneously with parotid saliva, and enhanced in the presence of milk. The binding of β- and κ-casein to HA was unaffected by the presence of parotid saliva and enhanced by the presence of milk. The in vitro bacterial adherence of Strep. mutans GS-5 to sHA beads was reduced when beads were coated with milk instead of buffer, or when bacteria were added to sHA in the presence of milk instead of buffer. Casein proteins (, β, κ) added to sHA simultaneously with bacteria inhibited the adherence of Strep. mutans GS-5 to sHA. κ-Casein, when bound to sHA, inhibited streptococcal adherence to sHA; - and β-casein, when bound to sHA, had no effect on streptococcal adherence. Fractionation of κ-casein by anion-exchange chromatography revealed the anti-adherence activity of κ-casein was mediated primarily by a 40,000 mol. wt. glycoprotein-containing fraction. These data show that milk, particularly κ-casein fractions, can modulate the adherence of Strep. mutans GS-5 to SHA surfaces in vitro. 相似文献
59.
C. H. S. Ruxton 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》1992,5(2):113-118
Thirty mothers, attending either a paediatric clinic at a Government hospital or a private paediatrician's surgery, both in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, South East India, were questioned about their infant feeding practices. A sample of milk from their child's bottle was requested and subsequently analysed for the presence of dilution. Over-dilution, defined as less than 75% of the standard concentration, was found to be common (P<.05). No significant correlations were found between the incidence of over-dilution and either family income or educational status of the mothers due to the small sample size. The study suggests the need for practical education on the reconstitution of milk feeds. 相似文献
60.
O. SPIGSET M.D. 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1994,38(2):94-103
This review is an update on anaesthetic agents and their excretion into breast milk; it presents the reported effects on suckling infants, and discusses the precautions which should be considered. For most anaesthetic agents, there is very sparse information about breast milk excretion and even less published knowledge about the possible effects on the suckling infant. Generally, when an anaesthetic agent is given on a single–dose basis, there is no evidence that it is excreted in breast milk in clinically significant amounts, even if there are detectable concentrations of the drug in the milk. Most anaesthetics are rapidly cleared from the mother, and, consequently, it should be possible to allow suckling as soon as practically feasible after surgery. However, repeated administration of certain opiates and benzodiazepines has been reported to cause adverse effects in neonates, with premature neonates apparently being more susceptible. Thus, in long–term treatment with these drugs, the importance of uninterrupted breast feeding should be assessed against possible adverse drug effects in the neonate. 相似文献