PITC柱前衍生化法测定保健食品中牛磺酸的含量

目的 建立液相色谱法测定保健食品中牛磺酸含量的方法.方法 采用C18色谱柱,以异硫氰酸苯酯(PITC)做为柱前衍生化试剂,以醋酸钠缓冲液-乙腈-水体系为流动相,流速为1.0mL·min-1,在254nm波长处检测.结果 牛磺酸在0.28～0.95μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系(r=0.9998),液体、固体保健食品的平均回收率均为95.6％,RSD分别为1.5％和0.8％(n=6).结论 该方法结果准确,稳定可靠,重复性好.     

表面增强拉曼光谱法检测微量添加物质的研究

目的 快速、简便、准确地检测中成药与食品中的微量非法添加物质.方法 用表面增强拉曼光谱法对市场上添加了微量物质的中成药及食品进行检测.结果与结论 该方法快速、简便、准确,检测结果与用传统方法检测的结果相吻合.     

叶黄素对缓解视疲劳人体试食功能试验的研究

目的 在对已批准注册缓解视疲劳保健食品叶黄素的应用情况进行分析的基础上,进一步开展人体试食功能试验,以探讨单一食用一定剂量叶黄素对视疲劳的缓解作用.方法 采用随机双盲法,将120名视力易疲劳的受试者分为试食组和安慰剂对照组,每组各60人,试食组服用叶黄素片,对照组服用安慰剂,均为每日1次,每次1片(10 mg),服用时间为30d.进行下列检查:体征观察、安全性检查、眼科常规检查、眼部自觉症状检查、明视持久度测定、视力检查.结果 试食组视疲劳感明显减轻,明视持久度平均提高21.90％,总有效率为62.00%,症状积分减少2.66±1.44;对照组明视持久度平均提高0.25％,总有效率为14.00％,症状积分减少1.30±1.16.试食前后试食组自身比较及组间比较经统计学处理有显著性差异;与对照组比较,试食组受试者视物模糊、眼干涩、眼胀、眼痛、畏光等症状有改善.结论 每日食用10 mg叶黄素对视力易疲劳者安全、有效.     

浅谈快检技术在食品药品检验中的应用

目的提高对快检技术重要性的认识。方法论述快检技术的特点,探讨快检技术在食品药品检验中的应用及优势。结果与结论快检技术应用于食品药品检验中可以降低执法成本,增加依法监管的技术含量,对行政监管起到强有力的技术支撑作用。     

Inhibition of Opioid Transmission at the ��-Opioid Receptor Prevents Both Food Seeking and Binge-Like Eating

Endogenous opioids, and in particular μ-opioid receptors, have been linked to hedonic and rewarding mechanisms engaged during palatable food intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSK1521498, a novel μ-opioid receptor antagonist, on food-seeking behavior and on binge-like eating of a highly preferred chocolate diet. Food seeking was measured in rats trained to respond for chocolate under a second-order schedule of reinforcement, in which prolonged periods of food-seeking behavior were maintained by contingent presentation of a reward-associated conditioned reinforcer. After reaching a stable baseline in both procedures, animals were treated with GSK1521498 (0.1, 1, and 3 mg/kg; IP) or naltrexone (NTX, 0.1, 1, and 3 mg/kg; SC). The binge eating model was characterized by four temporally contiguous phases: 1-h chow access, 2-h food deprivation, 10-min chow access, and 10-min access to either chocolate-flavoured food or standard chow. During training the rats developed binge-like hyperphagia of palatable food and anticipatory chow hypophagia (anticipatory negative contrast). Both compounds reduced binge-like palatable food hyperphagia. However, GSK1521498 reduced the impact of high hedonic value on ingestion more specifically than NTX, abolishing anticipatory chow hypophagia. GSK1521498 also dose-dependently reduced food seeking both before and after food ingestion, whereas NTX reduced food seeking only after food ingestion. Thus, while both drugs affected the hedonic value of the preferred food, GSK1521498 also directly decreased incentive motivation for chocolate. Selective μ-opioid receptor antagonism by GSK1521498 may have utility as a treatment for reducing maladaptive, palatability-driven eating behavior by reducing the motivational properties of stimuli that elicit the binge eating commonly associated with obesity.     

Antagonism of Sigma-1 Receptors Blocks Compulsive-Like Eating

Binge eating disorder is an addiction-like disorder characterized by episodes of rapid and excessive food consumption within discrete periods of time which occur compulsively despite negative consequences. This study was aimed at determining whether antagonism of Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) blocked compulsive-like binge eating. We trained male wistar rats to obtain a sugary, highly palatable diet (Palatable group) or a regular chow diet (Chow control group), for 1 h a day under fixed ratio 1 operant conditioning. Following intake stabilization, we evaluated the effects of the selective Sig-1R antagonist BD-1063 on food responding. Using a light/dark conflict test, we also tested whether BD-1063 could block the time spent and the food eaten in an aversive, open compartment, where the palatable diet was offered. Furthermore, we measured Sig-1R mRNA and protein expression in several brain areas of the two groups, 24 h after the last binge session. Palatable rats rapidly developed binge-like eating, escalating the 1 h intake by four times, and doubling the eating rate and the regularity of food responding, compared to Chow rats. BD-1063 dose-dependently reduced binge-like eating and the regularity of food responding, and blocked the increased eating rate in Palatable rats. In the light/dark conflict test, BD-1063 antagonized the increased time spent in the aversive compartment and the increased intake of the palatable diet, without affecting motor activity. Finally, Palatable rats showed reduced Sig-1R mRNA expression in prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, and a two-fold increase in Sig-1R protein expression in anterior cingulate cortex compared to control Chow rats. These findings suggest that the Sig-1R system may contribute to the neurobiological adaptations driving compulsive-like eating, opening new avenues of investigation towards pharmacologically treating binge eating disorder.     

食物对口服药物疗效的影响

国内外的新药研究中,逐渐强调食物对口服药物疗效的影响,这对新开发药物的安全性以及有效性有着积极的作用。本文主要从食物对药物吸收、代谢的影响、对不同剂型及辅料的影响等方面阐述了食物对口服药物疗效的影响。这不仅为提高临床用药水平提出了合理的建议,而且对用制剂技术改善食物对药物吸收代谢的影响有着重要的意义。     

Innate immunity in allergic disease

The innate immune system consists of multiple cell types that express germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Allergens are frequently found in forms and mixtures that contain PAMPs and DAMPs. The innate immune system is interposed between the external environment and the internal acquired immune system. It is also an integral part of the airways, gut, and skin. These tissues face continuous exposure to allergens, PAMPs, and DAMPs. Interaction of allergens with the innate immune system normally results in immune tolerance but, in the case of allergic disease, this interaction induces recurring and/or chronic inflammation as well as the loss of immunologic tolerance. Upon activation by allergens, the innate immune response commits the acquired immune response to a variety of outcomes mediated by distinct T-cell subsets, such as T-helper 2, regulatory T, or T-helper 17 cells. New studies highlighted in this review underscore the close relationship between allergens, the innate immune system, and the acquired immune system that promotes homeostasis versus allergic disease.