从食品中检出多种肠球菌及大肠杆菌的报告

[目的]了解供机食品的卫生状况，分析鉴定目的菌的特性。[方法]依据相关国家标准及VITEK操作手册对病原微生物进行检验和鉴定。[结果]从1份供机食品-豇豆中同时检出屎肠球菌、坚韧肠球菌及大肠杆菌，分别具有这3种病原菌的典型培养特性、菌体特征及生化特性。[结论]日常工作中应重视对多种病原菌的检验及加强对供机食品从原料到成品的全过程卫生监控，以保障工作人员及乘客的生命安全。     

Natural history of IgE-mediated food allergy in fully breast-fed babies

We have studied 21 babies with IgE-mediated food allergy (FA) sensitized via breast milk. The diagnosis of IgE-mediated FA was based on the response to elimination diet and challenge tests, and was confirmed by positive RAST and skin tests. The children exhibited immediate symptoms, such as urticaria, angioedema, and asthma. Only 5/21 children developed tolerance to the offending food at the median age of 14 years. The children who failed to develop tolerance still have high levels of IgE antibodies towards the offending food. In conclusion, the results of our long-term follow-up study show that the natural history of FA in children sensitized via breast milk may be less optimistic than generally reported.     

Iodine status in vegans consuming a living food diet

The dietary intake and urinary output of iodine and the thyroid activity was measured in 12 living food eaters (people consuming uncooked, Lactobacilli rich vegan food) and omnivores. Seven day food record was used for calculating the dietary iodine intake, instrumental neutron activation analysis for measuring the urinary iodine output and RIA for determining of the thyroid hormones (TSH and FT4). The living food eaters were divided into two groups according to urinary iodine output: high iodine group (≥900 ug/d) and low iodine group (<200 ug/d). Thyroid activity in both groups was with in normal range. Dietary intake of iodine was dependent on the the use of seaweed. The highest amounts of dietary iodine observed in the present study, as assessed by the the urinary iodine output, can be harmful for susceptible subjects. On the other hand the calculated intake of iodine by living food eaters didn't fill the RDA. As an conclusion on a living food diet one has to ensure the sufficient intake of iodine by consuming seaweed or Kelp tablets daily. However the intake of these preparations needs to be kept at reasonble limits due to their possible high iodine content. More information of the iodine content of different seaweeds and seaweed products is needed.     

Efficacy of short‐term oral cobalamin therapy for the treatment of cobalamin deficiencies related to food‐cobalamin malabsorption: A study of 30 patients

Background: It has been suggested that oral cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) therapy may be an effective therapy for treating cobalamin deficiencies related to food‐cobalamin malabsorption. However, the duration of this treatment was not determined. Patients and method: In an open‐label, nonplacebo study, we studied 30 patients with established cobalamin deficiency related to food‐cobalamin malabsorption, who received between 250 and 1000 μg of oral crystalline cyanocobalamin per day for at least 1 month. Endpoints: Blood counts, serum cobalamin and homocysteine levels were determined at baseline and during the first month of treatment. Results: During the first month of treatment, 87% of the patients normalized their serum cobalamin levels; 100% increased their serum cobalamin levels (mean increase, +167 pg/dl; P < 0.001 compared with baseline); 100% had evidence of medullary regeneration; 100% corrected their initial macrocytosis; and 54% corrected their anemia. All patients had increased hemoglobin levels (mean increase, +0.6 g/dl) and reticulocyte counts (mean increase, +35 × 10⁶/l) and decreased erythrocyte cell volume (mean decrease, 3 fl; all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that crystalline cyanocobalamin, 250–1000 μg /day, given orally for 1 month, may be an effective treatment for cobalamin deficiencies not related to pernicious anemia.     

An Historical Perspective from the Green Revolution to the Gene Revolution

Since the 1960s conventional crop breeding has increased food production commesurate with the growing population. For agricultural development to continue, the exploitation of greater genetic diversity and modern biotechnology are becoming increasingly important. This article reviews the milestones achieved by the Green Revolution and many of the recent breakthroughs of modern biotechnology.     

The predictive value of specific immunoglobulin E levels for the first diagnosis of cow''s milk allergy. A critical analysis of pediatric literature

Investigators have tried to identify a level of seric specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) that had a sufficient predictive value to diagnose a food allergy without having will resort to the food challenge. To search in literature, all the studies that have estimated the possibility to identify a level of seric specific cow milk IgE with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 95% for the first diagnosis of cow's milk allergy (CMA) in pediatric age. We have identified six studies, nearly all studies suffer from relevant methodological bias. Proposed cut-off are all different. The studied pediatric populations were highly selected. Also neglecting the methodological bias of the studies and the great difference of value between the proposed cut-off, it always remains to consider that the pre-test probability of having a CMA between the children enrolled in the six studies included in this review is particularly high. The likelihood ratio helps to transfer the results of a study on a diagnostic test just to our population, and it is more realistic rather than to entrust itself to the PPV or the negative predictive value, that are much influenced from the prevalence of the disease in the studied population.     

Cutaneous allergy to mustard in a salad maker

A case of allergic contact dermatitis to mustard (Brassica nigra) in a salad maker is reported. The sources of skin contact included a commercial salad cream, a vinegrette, and various members of the mustard family, Cruciferae. The Cruciferae family includes many salad vegetables and condiments which contain allergenic isothiocyanates. The extent of skin contact among salad makers and other food handlers may be significant, and sensitization to isothiocyanates from this large family of vegetables may be an important cause of food contact allergy in these individuals.     

乙二胺四乙酸铁钠强化酱油可接受性的调查研究

为了解乙二胺四乙酸铁钠 (NaFeEDTA)强化酱油的接受程度 ,了解人们对铁营养知识和铁缺乏危害的认识情况 ,在贵州省对参加铁强化酱油干预试验的部分受试人群以家庭为单位进行问卷调查。共收回有效调查表 187份 ,基本上覆盖了试验点的各年龄组人群 ,具有较高的代表性。调查结果显示 :被调查者中 6 9 5 %认为铁强化酱油比未强化酱油有营养 ,2 8 9%认为铁强化酱油一般 ,只有 1 6 %中认为铁强化酱油差。 97 9%认为铁强化酱油可预防缺铁性贫血。 5 8 8%表示会选用铁强化酱油 ,另有 4 0 1%的人对是否选用拿不定主意。调查表明NaFeEDTA强化酱油有很高的可接受性 ,可接受度达 84 1% ,应用前景较好。