A longitudinal study of semen quality in pesticide spraying danish farmers

It was hypothesized that occupational exposure to pesticides during a spraying season causes changes in semen quality that might be detected in a longitudinal study. We analyzed the within-person changes in semen quality and reproductive hormones across a spraying season in groups of farmers using and not using pesticides. A total of 248 men collected two semen samples (participation rate: 32%). The median sperm concentration declined significantly from the first to the second sample in both groups, but there was no statistical difference in the decline between the two groups, unadjusted or adjusted. Only minor changes were found in sperm morphology, vitality, motility, sperm chromatin denaturation (SCSA), and reproductive hormones, and the differences in changes between the two groups were nonsignificant, or, in the opposite direction to the expected. There was no relation between the changes in sperm parameters in relation to pesticide exposure variables. In conclusion, use of pesticides by Danish farmers is not a likely cause of short-term effects on semen quality and reproductive hormones.     

Ontogenetic Development of 5-HT1D Receptors in Human Brain: An Autoradiographic Study

The pattern of pre- and postnatal appearance of 5-HT_1D receptors throughout the different areas of the human brain was studied by quantitative in vitro autoradiography, using [¹²⁵I]GTI (serotonin O -carboxymethyl-glycyl-[¹²⁵I]tyrosinamide) as a ligand. The anatomical distribution of 5-HT_1D receptors in neonatal, infant and children's brain was in good agreement with that observed in the adult, the basal ganglia and substantia nigra being the most intensely labelled areas. The development of these receptors throughout the human brain was mainly postnatal: low densities of [¹²⁵I]GTI binding sites were observed at the fetal/neonatal stage in most regions analyzed, in contrast with the high levels of labelling found in infant and children's brains. Indeed, in a number of regions, including the globus pallidus, substantia nigra and visual cortex, a peak of overexpression of 5-HT_1D receptors was observed in the first decade of life. Such overexpression could support a regulatory role for 5-HT_1D receptors in advanced periods of the CNS developmental process. Our results also indicate that the administration of drugs acting on 5-HT_1D receptors during the early postnatal period of life could result in modifications of their properties, as these receptors are already functional in this period.     

1600例住院病人死亡原因分析

[目的 ]探讨 160 0例住院病人的死亡原因及其分布特征 .[方法 ]收集 1995年 1月至 2 0 0 2年12月间 160 0例我院住院死亡病人资料 ,对死亡疾病构成比率、男女主要疾病死亡构成比率、汉族和朝鲜族主要疾病死亡构成比率及年龄构成比率进行统计 .[结果 ] 160 0例死亡病例的死亡原因中脑血管疾病占 2 4 9% ,恶性肿瘤占 2 3 4% ,消化系统疾病占 13 7% ,意外伤害和中毒占 10 3 % ,心血管疾病占9 2 % ;男性与女性主要疾病死亡分布不同 ,两者间有非常显者性差异 ;汉族与朝鲜族主要疾病死亡分布不同 ,两者间亦有非常显者性差异 ;年龄构成比中 61～ 70岁居首位 ,占 2 6 6% ,51～ 60岁占 18 0 % ,41～ 50岁占 16 8% ,71～ 80岁占 15 8% ,3 1～ 40岁占 10 8% .[结论 ]住院死亡的疾病构成因性别及民族不同 ,其分布不同     

Restricted field of view magnetic resonance imaging of a dynamic time series.

A restricted field of view (rFOV) approach for imaging a dynamic time series of volumes of limited spatial extent within a larger subject is described. The shorter readout with rFOV-MRI can be exploited to either limit image artifacts or increase spatial resolution. To accomplish rFOV imaging of a multislice volume for a dynamic series, an outer volume suppression (OVS) preparation that saturates signal external to a cylinder through the subject is followed by slice-selective excitation and a spiral readout. The pass- and stopband efficiencies of the OVS in an agar gel phantom were 97% (+/-1.5%) and 3% (+/-1%), respectively. Profiles of the temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were measured in a phantom and an adult brain. The rFOV sequence reduced distortions from off-resonance signal and T2*-induced blurring compared to a conventional sequence. Sequence utility is demonstrated for high-resolution rFOV functional MRI (fMRI) in the visual cortex. The rFOV sequence may prove to be useful for other multislice dynamic and high-resolution imaging applications.     

冷冻后人胚卵巢细胞团对hMG作用的内分泌与形态学反应

妊娠２０～２４周人胚胎卵巢经改进的超速冷冻仍具有内分泌功能。这种冷冻后的胚胎卵巢细胞团体外培养时，培养无数与细胞团的Ｅ２分泌能力呈负相关，形态学检查与此结果相吻合。冷冻后人胚胎卵巢的细胞团体外培养时培养位中人绝经期促性腺激素（ｈＭＧ）最适浓度为５０ＩＵ／Ｌ，培养的最适天数为１～３ｄ。这对人胚胎卵巢细胞团同种异体移植时受体促性腺激素水平内及培养时间的选择与设定有重要指导意义。     

改变产妇体位矫正胎方位170例临床观察

目的 探讨产程中改变产妇体位以矫正胎位的临床效果。方法 选择潜伏期经内诊或B超确诊为枕后位的初产妇170例,随机分成研究组和对照组,各85例。研究组在产程中指导产妇取侧俯卧位,对照组孕妇任意体位。结果 研究组72例(84.71％)胎儿从枕后位转至枕前位经阴道娩出。剖宫产13例,占15.29％,对照组经阴道娩出仅28例,22.94％,剖宫产57例,67.06％。两组比较,P<0.01),差异有非常显著性。两组产程比较,P<0.01,差异有极显著性。结论 在产程中指导产妇取胎儿脊柱侧行同侧侧俯卧位矫正胎头枕后位可降低难产发生率及剖宫产率,有助于提高分娩质量。     

不同性别飞行学员人格特征的比较

目的 :探讨男女飞行学员人格特征的差别 ,为选拔战斗机女飞行员提供心理选拔方法的参照 .方法 :女学员组为某飞行学院 2 2名女飞行学员 ,男学员组为同一飞行学院 4 3名男飞行学员 .采用卡特尔 16种个性因素测验 (16PF) ,应用DXC多项心理测评仪进行集体测试 .结果 :在 16PF的 2 4个分析项目中 ,情绪的稳定性 (C)、兴奋性 (F)、敢为性 (H)、怀疑性 (L)、紧张性 (Q4)、适应与焦虑、内向与外向等 7个因子分男学员和女学员有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,其中在稳定性、兴奋性、敢为性和外向性等 4个因素上 ,女学员的分数显著高于男学员 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;而在怀疑性、紧张性、焦虑性等 3个因子分上则是男学员显著高于女学员(P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) .结论 :女飞行学员的个性特点是情绪稳定 ,轻松兴奋 ,冒险敢为 ,适应环境 ,趋于外向 ,紧张困扰和焦虑较少 .本调查结果表明 ,女飞行学员的人格特征基本符合战斗机飞行员人格结构的要求     

Sex,stress, and health: Does stress predict health symptoms differently for the two sexes?

Objectives: Previous studies have been inconsistent with regard to the extent to which stress perception, rather than stressor exposure, predicts negative health symptoms. Because sex differences have been observed in all three of these variables, in this study the possibility that sex differences also exist in the relationships between them is investigated. Methods: Self‐report inventories of perceived stress, stressor exposure, and negative health symptoms were given to 107 young‐adult participants (65 females, 42 males). Results: Sex differences were observed in the associations among perceived stress, stressor exposure, and negative health symptom rates. Specifically, while higher perceived stress and higher stressor exposure rates independently predicted higher negative health symptoms rates in females, only higher stressor exposure rates independently predicted higher negative health symptoms in males. Indeed, unexpectedly, after controlling for exposure to stressors there was a trend towards higher perceived stress predicting lower negative health symptoms in males. Conclusions: While exposure to stress was a significant negative predictor of health for both sexes, perception of stress was predictive only for females. One implication of this finding is that different psychological models are needed to predict health symptoms in the two sexes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Use of 2,4-dinitrophenol for immunosuppressive action on the recipient during implantation of fetal organs in mice

Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow. (Presented by Academician T. T. Berezov, Academy of medical Sciences.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 355–358, April, 1992.