Bispectral Index Monitoring during Anesthesiologist-Directed Propofol and Remifentanil Sedation for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technically difficult and lengthy procedure requiring optimal depth of sedation. The bispectral index (BIS) monitor is a non-invasive tool that objectively evaluates the depth of sedation. The purpose of this prospective randomized controlled trial was to evaluate whether BIS guided sedation with propofol and remifentanil could reduce the number of patients requiring rescue propofol, and thus reduce the incidence of sedation- and/or procedure-related complications.

Materials and Methods

A total of 180 patients who underwent the ESD procedure for gastric adenoma or early gastric cancer were randomized to two groups. The control group (n=90) was monitored by the Modified Observer''s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation scale and the BIS group (n=90) was monitored using BIS. The total doses of propofol and remifentanil, the need for rescue propofol, and the rates of complications were recorded.

Results

The number of patients who needed rescue propofol during the procedure was significantly higher in the control group than the BIS group (47.8% vs. 30.0%, p=0.014). There were no significant differences in the incidence of sedation- and/or procedure-related complications.

Conclusion

BIS-guided propofol infusion combined with remifentanil reduced the number of patients requiring rescue propofol in ESD procedures. However, this finding did not lead to clinical benefits and thus BIS monitoring is of limited use during anesthesiologist-directed sedation.     

Delta Neutrophil Index as an Early Marker for Differential Diagnosis of Adult-Onset Still's Disease and Sepsis

Purpose

To investigate clinical implications of delta neutrophil index (DNI) to discriminate adult onset Still''s disease (AOSD) from sepsis.

Materials and Methods

We reviewed the medical records of 13 patients with AOSD and 33 gender and age-matched patients with sepsis. In all subjects, microbial tests were performed to exclude or confirm sepsis. All laboratory data were measured two or three times during the first 3 days and represented by their mean levels. DNI was measured automatically by ADVIA 2120 for the first 3 days.

Results

There were no significant differences in white blood cell counts, neutrophil proportion, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein between two groups. AOSD patients had notably lower DNI than sepsis patients regardless of the presence of bacteremia or not. However, both DNI and ferritin were not significant independent factors for predicting sepsis in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Meanwhile, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of DNI was slightly higher than that of ferritin. When we set DNI of 2.75% as the cut-off value for predicting sepsis, 11 (84.6%) of AOSD patients had a DNI value below 2.75% and 2 (15.4%) of them had a DNI over 2.75% (relative risk for sepsis 176).

Conclusion

We suggest that DNI may be a useful marker for differential diagnosis of AOSD from sepsis in the early phase as supplementary to ferritin.     

自动曝光控制技术在数字化 X 射线胸部摄影中的应用探讨简

目的探讨自动曝光控制（AEC）技术在胸部数字化X射线摄影（DR）中的应用及其对图像质量的影响。方法使用AEC技术和根据经验设置曝光条件法,分别采集50张胸部后前位X射线图像,分为2组。试验组使用AEC技术：其中男性27例,女性23例,年龄9-81岁,平均年龄43．6岁。对照组使用手动选择曝光条件：其中男性24例．女性26例．年龄17-76岁,平均年龄45.3岁。记录每次成像的曝光指数（EU并对两组数据进行统计学分析。结果试验组与对照组图像EI比较,差异无统计学意义（1951．00vs1961．80,P〉0．05）,且绝大多数图像质量都在可诊断范围之内。但AEC技术EI的标准差较小．说明AEC技术能更精确地控制曝光量。结论AEC技术可以减少因曝光量不足引起的图像质量下降．也可以避免因曝光过度而产生不必要的患者辐射．     

幽门螺杆菌感染对2型糖尿病患者踝臂指数及脉搏波传导速度的影响

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者踝-肱脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)及踝臂指数(ABI)的影响。方法:本研究通过对195例患者进行13碳尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)以评估Hp感染与否,将患者分为感染组及非感染组,同时测定各组患者baPWV、ABI、年龄、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、LDL-C、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、TC及高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等水平进行比较。结果:Hp感染组双侧baPWV均明显高于非感染组,但对ABI无明显影响;Hp感染组DOB值与双侧baPWV均呈正相关,年龄、DOB值是baPWV的独立影响因素。结论:Hp感染与T2DM患者baPWV的升高具有相关性,提示动脉粥样硬化的发生与Hp感染有关。     

急性主动脉夹层围术期肺损伤与纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂的相关性探讨

目的:探讨急性主动脉夹层(AAD)围术期急性肺损伤(ALI)的发生与循环和肺泡灌洗液纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI-1)的相关性。方法:2012年10月至2013年12月期间,符合入组条件的ADD患者共53例,在全身麻醉、深低温停循环(DHCA)和选择性脑灌注下行主动脉弓替换及象鼻支架置入术(孙氏手术)。根据术前是否发生ALI分为两组:术前ALI组(A组,n=22)组和术前非ALI组(C组,n=31)。收集患者年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、发病时间、合并症、出入量、ICU呼吸机治疗时间等资料。选取术前12h(T1)、麻醉诱导后(T2)、术毕(T3)和术后12h(T4)四个时间点测定氧合指数和PAI-1。对各组结果进行比较,各因素与氧合指数的相关性采用多元线性回归分析。结果:组间比较,各时间点A组氧合指数均低于C组,P0.05。各时间点A组循环PAI-1值均高于C组,P0.05。T2和T3时间点A组肺泡灌洗液PAI-1值均高于C组,P0.05。手术失血量和ICU带管时间比较:A组均显著高于C组,P0.05。组内比较,两组中T3和T4相比T1,氧合指数减少而循环PAI-1值增加,P0.05。两组T3与T2相比,肺泡灌洗液PAI-1值增加,P0.05。多元线性回归分析循环PAI-1值与氧合指数呈负相关性(r=-0.504,P0.001),肺泡灌洗液PAI-1与氧合指数呈负相关性(r=-0.606,P0.001)。结论:AAD患者术前即可发生ALI,且围术期ALI程度逐渐加重。术前发生ALI的患者,围术期ALI程度以及循环和肺泡灌洗液PAI-1水平均显著升高,并与氧合指数呈负相关性。     

90岁及以上老年原发性高血压患者共病情况及与常见老年事件的相关性

目的调查90岁及以上老年原发性高血压患者共病情况,并对其与常见老年事件的相关性进行分析。方法采用横断面调查方法,入选2017年1~12月于辽宁省金秋医院(辽宁省老年病医院)住院治疗的年龄≥90岁的老年共病患者419例。根据是否患有高血压分为高血压组和对照组,比较两组一般资料差异。收集患者的共病种类,统计数量并采用Charlson共存病指数(CCI)对共病严重程度进行评价。采用Spearman相关分析计算入院时血压水平与CCI的相关性,应用多元线性回归分析CCI与心房颤动、脆性骨折、肺炎、尿路感染、植入起搏器状态、管饲、导尿、催眠药物使用及通便药物使用等老年事件的相关性。结果入选患者总体CCI评分为(4.0±2.2)分,校正年龄后评分为(8.0±2.2)分,总体共病数为(7.7±2.6)种。高血压组患者289例,占全部患者69.0%,其中男性202例,女性87例。高血压组与对照组比较:CCI评分为(4.6±2.1)分比(2.8±1.9)分,t=8.261,P=0.000;共病数量(8.3±2.5)种比(6.3±2.4)种,t=7.568,P=0.000;收缩压(133.81±13.31)mmHg比(124.91±11.61)mmHg,t=6.922,P=0.000;舒张压(72.24±7.56)mmHg比(69.68±7.25)mmHg,t=3.304,P=0.001。采用Spearman相关分析提示,CCI与血压水平存在相关性(r=0.101,P=0.039)。多元线性回归分析提示,CCI与脆性骨折、肺炎、尿路感染、管饲、催眠药使用及通便药使用独立相关(均为P<0.05)。结论90岁及以上老年原发性高血压患者在共病数量及程度上较无高血压者更明显,CCI与血压水平存在相关性,老年共病伴有更多的脆性骨折、肺炎、尿路感染、管饲、催眠药使用及通便药使用。     

Motility index measured by magnetic resonance enterography is associated with sex and mural thickness

BACKGROUND Recently, a technique has been developed to use magnetic resonance enterography(MRE) for the evaluation of small bowel motility. The hypothesis was that assessment of the motility index(MI) should reflect differences in motility between clinical conditions.AIM To aim of the present observational, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the use of the MI in daily clinical practice.METHODS All consecutive patients aged 18-70 years who were referred for MRE at the Department of Radiology during a 2-year period were asked to participate. Healthy volunteers were included as controls. MRE was prepared and conducted in accordance with clinical routines. On the day of examination, all the participants had to complete the visual analog scale for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and IBS-symptom severity scale. Maps of MI were calculated from dynamic MR images. ANOVA was used to evaluate differences in MI between groups, classified as healthy, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, IBS, other assorted disorders and dysmotility. Logistic and linear regression were applied to the MI values. All medical records were scrutinized for medical history.RESULTS In all, 224 examinations were included(inclusion prevalence 76.3%), with 22 controls and 202 patients. There was a significant difference in the MI of the jejunum(P = 0.021) and terminal ileum(P = 0.007) between the different groups. The MI was inversely associated with the mural thickness of the terminal ileum in men(P 0.001) and women(P = 0.063) after adjustments, and tended to be lower in men than in women(P = 0.056). Subjectively observed reduction of motility on MRI was accomplished by reduced MI of terminal ileum in men(P 0.001) and women(P = 0.030). In women, diarrhea was inversely associated with the MI of the jejunum(P = 0.029), and constipation was positively associated with the MI of the terminal ileum(P = 0.039).CONCLUSION Although MIs differ across diseases, a lower MI of the terminal ileum is mainly associated with male sex and an increased mural thickness. Symptoms are weakly associated with the MI.     

Role of cystatin C and renal resistive index in assessment of renal function in patients with liver cirrhosis

AIM:To evaluate the clinical significance of cystatin C and renal resistive index for the determination of renal function in patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS:We conducted a study of 63 patients with liver cirrhosis.A control group comprised of 30 age and gender-matched healthy persons.Serum cystatin C was determined in all study subjects and renal Doppler ultrasonography was made.Estimated glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine(GFRCr)and cystatin C(GFRCys)was calculated.RESULTS:We confirmed significant differences in val-ues of cystatin C between patients with different stages of liver cirrhosis according to Child-Pugh(P=0.01),and a significant correlation with model of end stage liver disease(MELD)score(rs=0.527,P<0.001).More patients with decreased glomerular filtration rate were identified based on GFRCys than on GFRCr(P<0.001).Significantly higher renal resistive index was noted in Child-Pugh C than in A(P<0.001)and B stage(P=0.001).Also,a significant correlation between renal resistive index and MELD score was observed(rs=0.607,P<0.001).Renal resistive index correlated significantly with cystatin C(rs=0.283,P=0.028)and showed a negative correlation with GFRCys(rs=-0.31,P=0.016).CONCLUSION:Cystatin C may be a more reliable marker for assessment of liver insufficiency.Additionally,cystatin C and renal resistive index represent sensitive indicators of renal dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis.     

单侧颈动脉狭窄患者的脑血流自动调节功能

目的 采用近红外光谱分析技术,研究单侧颈动脉重度狭窄患者脑血流自动调节功能(CA)。方法 以2015年1月至2017年2月在北京电力医院行全身麻醉手术的30例患者为研究对象,其中,15例单侧颈动脉重度狭窄患者为狭窄组,15例无颈动脉狭窄患者为对照组,两组患者性别和年龄相匹配。在稳定的全身麻醉状态下,同时记录脑组织氧饱和指数(TOI)和平均动脉压,计算相关系数r,根据r值判断CA状态。结果 狭窄组患者狭窄侧与非狭窄侧的TOI差异无统计学意义(66.52±6.50比65.23±4.50;t=0.93, P=0.368),狭窄组狭窄侧与对照组同一侧的TOI差异也无统计学意义(66.52±6.50比64.22±3.87;t=1.18, P=0.248)。狭窄组狭窄侧和非狭窄侧的r值分别为0.36±0.12和0.17±0.11,狭窄组狭窄侧和对照组同一侧的r值分别为0.36±0.12和0.13±0.08。术前3个月内,狭窄组15例患者中,5例有短暂性脑缺血发作,2例有脑梗病史。将r值为0.342作为评估CA异常的判断点时,其敏感性为0.625,特异性为0.909。结论 在正常血压波动范围内,单侧颈动脉重度狭窄患者狭窄侧的脑血流和血压有一定的相关性。