Periodontal status of a subject sample of Yemen

Abstract From August to October 1991, the periodontal status of 1001 Yemenis representing the age groups 12-14, 15-19, 20-24 and 35-44 years was recorded and evaluated with preference to the CPITN, the calculus index and clinical attachment levels. The impact of chewing khat, the leaves of a cultivated, alkaloid shrub, and of using the traditional miswak chewing stick for oral hygiene purposes were investigated. The results show that 6.9% of the juvenile probands (15-19 years) had healthy periodontal tissue (CPITN 0). whereas bleeding on probing and calculus (CPITN 1+2) were registered in 86.2%. In the 35-44 year age group. 1.7% were periodontally healthy, whereas 84.5% displayed plaque retention or shallow pocketing (CPITN 2-3) and 12.5% deep pocketing (CPITN 4). The treatment needs in all age groups are confined primarily to calculus removal and instruction in oral hygiene. The clinical attachment level and the calculus index revealed age-related attachment loss and calculus formation, primarily among male probands. The higher khat consumption among the male population is reflected in its detrimental effect on the periodontal tissue, especially among younger probands. Oral hygiene aids have also an influence on periodontal status, with a toothbrush proving more efficient than the miswak. WHO efforts directed towards prophylactic programs need to be intensified but can be staffed by dental hygienists.     

Hip fracture incidence in the canton of Vaud,Switzerland, 1986–1991

The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of hip fracture in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland (total population 584 000), for the period 1986–1991 using routine hospital discharge data collected by the Cantonal Service of Statistical Research and Information (SCRIS). For the survey period, the estimated average annual crude incidence rate of hip fractures was 167 per 100 000 persons aged 20 or older (241 for women and 84 for men). For the population aged 50 years or older, the crude incidence rate was 388 per 100 000 persons (546 for women and 185 for men). The average annual age-specific rates rose exponentially by successive 5-year age groups. The median age of patients at the time of the fracture was 82 years in women and 74 years in men. There was no significant difference between the total number of cervical and trochanteric fractures. Between the ages of 20 and 84 years, the cumulative risk for a woman to be admitted to hospital with a hip fracture was twice that of a man (15.8% vs 7.8%). From 1986 to 1991, the age- and sex-adjusted incidence, like the ratio of cervical to trochanteric fractures, did not show any significant trend, although it was consistent with an increase in men (p=0.09). However, the annual number of fractures rose from 644 to 776, particularly among very aged men. The mean length of stay in the acute care hospital fell from 38 days in 1986 to 25 days in 1991. Finally, the comparison of these results with those obtained in 1986 for the same population from more exhaustive sources has confirmed the provision of a consistent, although overestimated, assessment of hip fracture incidence by means of these routine hospital statistics in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与缓慢性心律失常的关系

Objective To analyze the relations between obstructive sleep apnea and bradyarrhythmia.Methods From 1999 to 2005,203 patients who came from Bering Tongren Hospital and Fuwai Hospital were found to have sleep apnea in an ambulatory study. A Hoher electrecardiogram was recorded for 24 hours within 2 weeks after patients were diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnem Results Nocturnal episodes of bradyarrhythmia were identified in 12(5.9%)of 203 patients.Body mass index and respiratory disturbance index in patients with bradyarrhythmia(n=12)were higher than those in patientswithour bradyarrhymia(n=191)(34±5 735.24±6 and 63±15 vs.25±5,respectively,both P<0.01).There was a significant difference in end-apneic oxygen saturation in apnea/hypopnea episodes with and without bradyarrhythmia(63%±15% vs.75%±11%,P<0.05).A linear relation between end-apneic oxygen saturation and number of sinus arrests and heart blocks was not found.Conclusions Patients with apnea-associated bradyarrhythmia have higher body mflgB index and higher respiratory disturbance index than patients without bradyarrhythmi&Bradyarrhythmia occurres independently from decrease in oxygen saturation.     

模拟高原和返回平原后大鼠心肌血流量的变化

目的：观察缺氧及停止缺氧后对大鼠心肌血流量的影响。方法：３４只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，随机分为４组：①平原对照组；②急性缺氧组；③慢性缺氧组；④返回平原组。以放射性生物微球法测定心肌血流量。结果：急性缺氧引起ＰａＯ２、心输出量及氧运送量降低，但左、右心室心肌血流量明显增加；慢性缺氧时右心室收缩压、血球压积、血液粘滞性及右心室生理指数明显增加，而心肌血流量接近正常。停止缺氧３０ｄ后，上述所有指标均与平原以     

重庆市正常青少年牙列指数测量分析

目的建立重庆市正常牙合青少年牙颌模型牙列指数的正常值,为正畸临床提供依据.方法选取重庆市正常牙合青少年牙颌模型92付(男45付,女47付),测量牙冠宽度、牙弓宽度,计算Bolton指数和Pont指数,对测量结果进行统计分析并与国内外相关资料进行对比研究,对Bolton指数和Pont指数的临床应用价值进行评价.结果Bolton指数和Pont指数存在种族和地区差异,结论Bolton指数和Pont指数在正畸临床中均有一定的应用价值,临床上应参照本民族和地区的标准.     

Auditory evoked potential index: a quantitative measure of changes in auditory evoked potentials during general anaesthesia

We describe a novel index derived from the auditory evoked potential, the auditory evoked potential index, and we compare it with latencies and amplitudes related to clinical signs of consciousness and unconsciousness. Eleven patients, scheduled for total knee replacement under spinal anaesthesia, completed the study. The initial mean (SD) value of the auditory evoked potential index was 72.5 (11.2). During the first period of unconsciousness it decreased to 39.6 (6.9) and returned to 66.8 (12.5) when patients regained consciousness. Thereafter, similar values were obtained whenever patients lost and regained consciousness. Latencies and amplitudes changed in a similar fashion. From all parameters studied, Na latencies had the greatest overlap between successive awake and asleep states. The auditory evoked potential index and Nb latencies had no overlap. The consistent changes demonstrated suggest that the auditory evoked potential index could be used as a reliable indicator of potential awareness during propofol anaesthesia instead of latencies and amplitudes.     

东北地区风寒指数气候特征与冷习服锻炼日期的确定

应用中国东北４８个站１０年的逐日气象资料，分析了风寒指数（Ｖｔ）的候、月、旬、日平均值，据此，提出了各地可供冷习服锻炼的天数及可开始锻炼的日期等。研究结果在生物气候区划和指导部队耐寒锻炼等方面有重要作用，也有助于较精确的估算冷应激强度及寒冷环境对作业能力影响的预测。     

深低温对吸入麻醉药的MAC,心脏麻醉指数和心肌稳定性的影响

目的:研究深低温对吸入麻醉药MAC、心脏麻醉指数和心肌稳定性的影响。方法:新西兰白兔40只,随机分为氟烷、安氟醚、异氟醚和七氟醚组。采用夹尾试验法测定常温下(38℃±0.5℃)的最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC)。行体表降温后测定深低温下(23℃±0.5 ℃)的MAC。维持深低温增加吸入性麻醉药的浓度,同时用50Hz、25V电压胸外电击心脏。记录出现室颤或室性心律失常时的肺泡呼气末吸入麻醉药浓度。结果:从38℃到23℃兔体温每降低1℃,MAC下降值为:氟烷5.1％、安氟醚3.6％、异氟醚4.4％、七氟醚4.3％;氟烷、安氟醚、异氟醚和七氟醚心脏麻醉指数分别为4.4、3.18、6.25和4.6,异氟醚明显高于其它麻醉药;麻醉药浓度8MAC以内安氟醚和氟烷发生室颤的机率(100％)明显高于七氟醚和异氟醚(40％)。结论:异氟醚是深低温麻醉的最佳选择用药,而安氟醚则不宜用于低温麻醉。     

Kinetic study of glomerular epithelial cells associated with segmental glomerular sclerotic lesions with adhesion in spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rats

Background We previously found that glomerular epithelial cells play an important role in the formation of adhesive lesions. Glomerular sclerotic lesions develop after the inital adhesive lesions. Methods Two series of experiments were done with spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rats. These rats develop segmental glomerular sclerotic lesions with aging. The first series of experiments was intended to clarify the kinetics of glomerular cells on progressive glomerular damage in these rats. The second series of experiments was designed to study the relationship between proliferation (judged by % bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells) of glomerlar epithelial cells and sclerotic lesions with adhesions. Results In the first series, rats having increased proteinuria showed segmental glomerular sclerotic lesions with adhesions. At the same time, increased labeling indices of tuft cells and epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule were observed. In the second series, no significant increase in the labeling indices of tuft cells with sclerotic lesions was observed, compared to tuft cells without sclerotic lesions. In sclerotic lesions with adhesion, bromodeoxyurdine-positive cells were observed that were not distinguishable as podocytes or epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule. The highest labelling index was noted in the epithelial cells of Bowman's capsules with sclerosis. Conclusion This study shows that the proliferation of glomerular epithelial cells (mainly epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule) occurs in glomerular sclerotic lesions with adhesions.     

日照市冷库海产品挥发性盐基氮指标调查

１９９６年１～２月份调查了全市３０个冷库１３１份海产品，１２７份挥发性盐基氮指标符合国家卫生标准，合格率为９６．９５％。说明仍有极少的海产品有腐败变质现象，为保证消费者食用安全，建议每月检测一次挥发性盐基氮。关于鲜度分级问题，我们认为食品标准是关系到人民健康的强制性标准，制定标准的先决条件是消费者食用后对身体不造成危害，因此作为卫生标准不分级为好，其鲜度指标只要符合标准规定，就应允许销售食用。