输卵管镜临床应用进展

输卵管镜是用于检查输卵管腔的显微内窥镜,其经过宫腔镜、腹腔镜、生育镜的引导,或单独进入输卵管内,可检查输卵管管腔是否通畅,有无狭窄、粘连、梗阻、充血、积液、息肉、憩室、子宫内膜异位病灶等,评价输卵管的功能,能纠正传统输卵管通畅性检查的假阳性和假阴性结果,还可以对病变进行活检,并同时疏通输卵管,能够兼顾诊断与治疗。输卵管镜检查可以明确输卵管性不孕的原因,病变严重时需及时选择体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET),而病变较轻时保守性手术治疗可以显著提高不孕症患者的自然受孕率。随着生殖医学技术的发展和对输卵管研究的不断深入,输卵管镜显示出明显的优势,在输卵管疾病诊治方面发挥不可替代的作用。对近年国内外有关输卵管镜诊治的进展进行综述,总结输卵管镜诊治的临床应用价值。     

Editorial: The integration of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments in drug/alcohol addiction

No abstract available for this article.     

REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA: USING THE JAPANESE VERSION OF THE ELGIN BEHAVIOR RATING SCALE (JEBRS)

The main aim of this study was to test the reliability and value of the Japanese Elgin Behavior Rating Scale (JEBRS) with 92 schizophrenia patients. Cronbach's a for the JEBRS was 0.61. All inter-rater reliability coefficients were in the satisfactory range. The JEBRS had a high stability over time. Almost all of the correlations among the nine item scores and total score in the JEBRS were significant. The total score for nine repetitive behaviors in the JEBRS was positively correlated with positive and negative symptoms. This study showed that the JEBRS is a useful and reliable scale.     

Anti-Fertility Effects of Different Fractions of Anethum Graveolens L. Extracts on Female Rats

Our previous studies showed the effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) on female infertility. In the present study we investigated whether different fractions of this herb extract can cause infertility in rats. Female rats were divided into the control groups, the groups receiving either a low (0.5 g/kg)) or a high dose (5g/kg) of water, N-butanol, chloroform and ether fractions of the aqueous plant extract, and the groups receiving either a low (0.045 g/kg) or a high dose (0.45 g/kg) of the same fractions of ethanol extract. The mentioned doses were gavaged in 1mL for 10 days. Vaginal smears were prepared daily. Estradiol and progesterone levels were measured. The left oviduct and ovary were removed, their tissue subsequently being prepared in form of histology slides and stained using haematoxylin-eosin and Masson''s trichrome. Female rats assigned to each group were mated with males; after that, crown-rump lengths and weights of newborn rats were measured. Results showed that each fraction produced some changes such as hormonal level reduction (chloroform fraction), diestrus phase prolongation and infertility (water fraction), and increase in pregnancy duration (chloroform and ether fractions). We concluded that each fraction comprises only some of the mentioned components and therefore recommended the usage of crude extract, especially the aqueous one, in case infertility aims to be induced.     

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Prepubertal Exposures and Effects on Sexual Maturation and Thyroid Activity in the Female Rat. A Focus on the EDSTAC Recommendations

In 1996, the US Environmental Protection Agency was given a mandate by Congress to develop a screening program that would evaluate whether variously identified compounds could affect human health by mimicking or interfering with normal endocrine regulatory functions. Toward this end, the Agency chartered the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee in October of that year that would serve to recommend a series of in vitro and in vivo protocols designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of a chemical's potential endocrine-disrupting activity. A number of these protocols have undergone subsequent modification by EPA, and this review focuses specifically on the revised in vivo screening procedure recommended under the title Research Protocol for Assessment of Pubertal Development and Thyroid Function in Juvenile Female Rats. Background literature has been provided that summarizes what is currently known about pubertal development in the female rat and the influence of various forms of pharmaceutical and toxicological insult on this process and on thyroid activity. Finally, a section is included that discusses technical issues that should be considered if the specified pubertal endpoints are to be measured and successfully evaluated.