Low levels of essential fatty acids are related to impaired delayed skin hypersensitivity in malnourished chronically ill elderly people

Abstract Essential fatty acid (FA) deficiency, which may accompany protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), has been associated with impaired inflammatory reactions. We evaluated this relationship by analysing FA profiles and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in 20 malnourished elderly non-cancer patients and in 20 age-matched control patients. As indicated by serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides, the lipid levels were decreased by about one-third in the subjects with PEM. In comparison with the controls, there was a reduction in the ω 3 FA (e.g. eicosapentanoate) in total serum lipids (mgl^-1) and serum phospholipids (%) of 40% and 47%, respectively. Reductions in serum ω 6 FA (e.g. linoleate and arachidonate) levels corresponded to the drop in total FA concentrations (30%). The cutaneous hypersensitivity was impaired in 14 of the malnourished patients. The magnitude of the skin reaction was positively correlated ( P < 0·05) to the concentrations of eicosapentanoate in serum lipids and serum phospholipids, as well as to the linoleate concentration in total serum lipids. Six of the malnourished patients took part in a nutritional intervention programme for 3 months. In parallel with an improvement in the nutritional status there was a 35% increase ( P < 0·05) in the total ω 3 FA serum concentration. Negative skin tests became positive and the median skin induration enlarged threefold ( P < 0·05). Thus, deficiency of ω 3 FA might be one factor contributing to cutaneous anergy in elderly malnourished patients.     

Distinguishment of A 42 Capsomere Structure of Icosohedral Virion from A 32 One by Electron Microsco

ＤｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｏｆＡ４２ＣａｐｓｏｍｅｒｅＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆＩｃｏｓｏｈｅｄｒａｌＶｉｒｉｏｎｆｒｏｍＡ３２ＯｎｅｂｙＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎＭｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｅＣｎｅｎＢｉｎｇｙｉｎｇ（陈丙莺）；ＺｈｏｕＴｏｎｇ（周）（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅ...     

三种调味品对小鼠内脏器官的影响

目的探讨过量八角、花椒及桂皮对小鼠内脏器官的影响。方法分别使用不同浓度三种调味品的提取液灌胃 ,采用病理学检验技术 ,观察小鼠肝脏、肾脏等器官的病理学变化 ,并计算出肝、肾、脾的脏体系数。结果调味品各组小鼠的肝脏、肾脏和脾脏重量都有所增加 ,脏体系数有不同程度升高 ,与正常组比较 ,差异具显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1 )。肝脏、肾脏可见明显形态学改变 ,肝脏的损伤主要表现在肝细胞胞浆疏松化和气球样变 ,甚至出现双核、巨核和分裂相。肾脏损伤主要表现为肾小管上皮细胞水肿 ,肾小球毛细血管充血、出血。脾脏未见明显改变。结论三种调味品过量使用时 ,对小鼠肝脏、肾脏和脾脏有不同程度的损伤 ,但病变的程度与调味品的剂量关系不大 ,而与其种类关系较密切。八角的毒性反应最为明显 ,桂皮次之 ,花椒的影响较小     

氧化损伤与铅毒性研究进展

铅是一种对全身组织有广泛亲和力的毒物,作用的基点是体内一些生物大分子(蛋白质、脂类、核酸),进而使大分子受损,影响到细胞功能.     

广西壮、汉族体重指数与血压、血脂、脂肪肝等相关因素的关系

目的：探讨广西地区人群体重指数（BMI）与血压、血糖、血脂、脂肪肝、心电图异常、性别、民族及其他心脑血管病史等因素的相关性，并比较这些因素在壮族与汉族人群中的差异。方法：对在本院及田阳县、田东县参加体检的1105例壮族与汉族人群询问病史并检查身高、体重、血压、空腹血糖、血脂、肝脏B超、心电图等。结果：在按制其他因素后，汉族人群BMI与脂肪肝、舒张压水平及高血压病史呈密切正相关关系，男性BMI高于女性；壮族人群BMI与脂肪肝、血清甘油三酯浓度及收缩压水平有密切正相关关系，汉族人群的年龄、BMI、血清甘油三酯浓度、胆固醇浓度、收缩压水平、脂肪肝检出率及心电图异常检出率均较壮族人群高。结论：肥胖与脂肪肝、血压、血脂密切相关，且广西汉族人群肥胖、脂肪肝、高血脂、高血压及心电图异常较壮族人群更常见。     

酥胆麒麟膏用于痔瘘术后换药的药效学与毒理学研究（二）

本文通过设一个阳性对照组（马应龙鹰香痔疮膏），一个空白对照组（凡士林）及酥胆麒麟膏大、中、小三个剂量组（１０％、２０％、４０％浓度）进行三个方面的实验研究，证实酥胆麒麟膏具有止血、抗菌、生肌长皮等综合作用，局部外用无毒副作用，安全性高。其止血、生肌长皮作用，优于马应龙麝香痔疮膏；抗金葡萄茵的作用与银灰散相同；抗大肠杆菌的作用犹于银灰散。尤其是２０％酥胆麒麟膏的以上多种作用优于１０％浓度的，等效于４０％浓度的，可作为临床使用时的最佳浓度。     

镉对大鼠肾脏和睾丸毒性的比较

大鼠饮水中给镉12wk后,检测了尿低分子蛋白(LMWP)排出量。尿碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,血清睾酮水平,睾丸乳酸脱氢酶同功酶(LDH-X)活性,精子计数和形态,雄鼠生育力,肾,睾丸和附睾组织镉含量,并在光镜和电镜下观察上述组织的病理变化,从生化,形态和功能改变三方面比较了大鼠肾脏和睾丸对镉的敏感性,发现尿LMWP和ALP仅在高剂量组显著增加,而血清睾酮和睾丸LDH-X在中剂量纽和低剂量纽已明显降低,说明镉对睾丸的有害作用可出现在肾脏之前。     

邻甲苯胺的毒性研究

邻甲苯胺经口半数致死量为７５５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，属低毒类。动物染毒邻甲苯胺１９ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上引起小鼠脾脏增大，３８ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上引起白细胞计数升高，且淋巴细胞百分比升高，各染每剂量对小因清免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ含量和巨噬细胞吞噬功能无明显影响。结果表明，邻甲苯胺对造血系统有影响，对免疫系统无明显直接影响。