Genetic factors in exercise adoption,adherence and obesity

Physical activity and exercise play critical roles in energy balance. While many interventions targeted at increasing physical activity have demonstrated efficacy in promoting weight loss or maintenance in the short term, long term adherence to such programmes is not frequently observed. Numerous factors have been examined for their ability to predict and/or influence physical activity and exercise adherence. Although physical activity has been demonstrated to have a strong genetic component in both animals and humans, few studies have examined the association between genetic variation and exercise adherence. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the non‐genetic and genetic predictors of physical activity and adherence to exercise. In addition, we report the results of analysis of 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms in six candidate genes examined for association to exercise adherence, duration, intensity and total exercise dose in young adults from the Training Interventions and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) Study. Based on both animal and human research, neural signalling and pleasure/reward systems in the brain may drive in large part the propensity to be physically active and to adhere to an exercise programme. Adherence/compliance research in other fields may inform future investigation of the genetics of exercise adherence.     

血糖稳定的2型糖尿病患者的静息能量消耗

目的观察血糖控制良好的2型糖尿病患者静息能量消耗（REE）的特点。方法采用代谢车测量45例血糖稳定的2型糖尿病患者的REE，记录其一般情况、生化指标、Harris-Benedict和Owen公式计算基础能量消耗预测值，并进行比较分析。结果血糖稳定的2型糖尿病患者的静息能量消耗实测值与Harris-Benedict及Owen公式预测值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），相关分析显示REE与性别、年龄、体重、身高、体表面积、去脂组织显著相关（P〈0．05），与体重指数、脂肪组织、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白无相关性（P〉0．05），多元逐步回归分析显示去脂组织和年龄与REE关系最密切。结论血糖良好的2型糖尿病患者的REE并不增高，决定其REE的因素与健康个体相似，测定REE能更好地指导糖尿病的医学营养治疗。     

儿童青少年能量需要量

目的儿童青少年的能量需要不同于成人,生长发育是其能量需求的必需因素之一。最新研究结果表明,在生长阶段平均每增加一克体重储存在新生组织中的能量大约是8.6kJ。2004年的人类能量需要量报告根据近20年来双标水法、心率监测等方法的研究结果,提出了不同身体活动水平的儿童青少年的能量需要量。本文针对1～18岁儿童青少年能量需要量方面的研究进展进行了综述,便于在今后的工作中制定我国儿童青少年的膳食能量推荐摄入量,以防止营养不良和超重、肥胖的发生,确保儿童青少年的健康成长。