Effect of atrial pacing therapy with selective pacing algorithms on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia among the elderly. Its incidence increases dramatically with increasing age and decreasing left ventrieular function, peaking in subjects with overt congestive heart failure, Because of the unsatisfactory efficacy and possible serious side effects of clinically available anti-AF drugs for AF patients with sick sinus syndrome, pacing techniques have recently been applied in the treatment of AF. The cardiac pacemaker Vitatron     

体外震波对骨和骨疾病的作用及其机制

体外震波（extracorporeal shock wave，ESW）于20世纪80年代中期开始用于骨科领域，目前，它作为一种非侵入性治疗方法用于治疗多种骨相关疾病。为指导其进一步用于临床治疗并提高疗效，了解它对正常骨组织的影响和对骨疾病的治疗作用及其机制非常重要。现已有不少学者对这些方面进行了相关的基础与临床研究，取得了明显进展。本文就体外震波对骨和骨疾病的作用及其机制综述如下。     

弹拨手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症臀后部肌痉挛患者的疗效观察

患者,男,22岁。主因双手近端指间关节对称性肿胀1年于2006年10月20日至我科门诊就诊。患者1年前开始出现双手多个近端指间关节肿胀,无关节痛,无关节活动受限。曾至我院骨科门诊,怀疑为“类风湿性关节炎”,口服滑膜炎冲剂、非甾体类消炎止痛药物,症状持续不缓解。现仍有双手食、中、无名指近端指间关节扁梭形肿胀,中指、无名指明显。肿胀局部无压痛,各关节活动度正常。患者无晨僵,无发热及咽痛。既往患者有下意识掰动手指弄出声响的习惯。查体:一般情况良好。双手食、中、无名指近端指间关节梭形肿胀,关节两侧皮肤增厚,未见苔藓样变(图1 a)。…     

综合性营养评估法在维持性血液透析患者中的应用分析

目的 对血液透析患者的几项营养指标进行评估。方法 依据SGA评分对142例维持性血液透析患者进行主观综合性营养评估（SGA）、膳食调查、生化参数的测量。结果 平均每日每公斤体重能量和蛋白质摄入（DEI、DPI）、血白蛋白，均有显著性差异（P〈0．001—0．05）。但营养良好组的DPI和DEI异常率高达49．0％、46．0％，重度营养不良组中各指标异常率均在80％以上。血前白蛋白与白蛋白有显著相关（P〈0．01），与DPI、DEI均无相关。结论 SGA是评价血透患者营养状况的简便方法，但还需其它反映营养状况不同侧面的指标的补充，如DEI、DPI、血白蛋白。前白蛋白作为血透患者营养监测的常规指标有待进一步证实。     

A -243A-->G polymorphism upstream of the gene encoding GAD65 associates with lower levels of body mass index and glycaemia in a population-based sample of 5857 middle-aged White subjects.

AIMS: The glutamate decarboxylase gene (GAD2) encodes GAD65, an enzyme catalysing the production of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which interacts with neuropeptide Y to stimulate food intake. It has been suggested that in pancreatic islets, GABA serves as a functional regulator of pancreatic hormone release. Conflicting results have been reported concerning the potential impact of GAD2 variation on estimates of energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to elucidate potential associations between the GAD2-243A-->G polymorphism and levels of body mass index (BMI) and estimates of glycaemia. METHODS: Using high-throughput chip-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the GAD2-243A-->G (rs2236418) polymorphism was genotyped in a population-based sample (Inter99) of 5857 middle-aged, unrelated Danish White subjects. RESULTS: The G-allele was associated with modestly lower BMI (P = 0.01). In a case-control study of obesity, the G-allele frequency in 2582 participants with BMI < 25 kg/m2 was 19.5% (18.4-20.6) compared with 17.1% (15.5-18.8) in 968 participants having BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 (P = 0.03), odds ratio 0.9 (0.7-1.0). Of the 5857 subjects, GG carriers had lower fasting plasma glucose levels (mmol/l) [AA (n = 3859) 5.6 +/- 0.8; AG (n = 1792) 5.5 +/- 0.8; GG (n = 206) 5.5 +/- 0.8, P = 0.008] and lower 30-min oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-related plasma glucose levels (AA 8.7 +/- 1.9; AG 8.6 +/- 1.9; GG 8.6 +/- 2.0, P = 0.04), adjusted for sex, age and BMI. Analysing subjects who were both normoglycaemic and glucose tolerant (n = 4431) GG carriers still had lower fasting plasma glucose concentrations: AA (n = 2895) 5.3 +/- 0.4; AG (n = 1383) 5.3 +/- 0.4; GG (n = 153) 5.2 +/- 0.4 (P = 9.10(-5)). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the GAD2-243A-->G polymorphism in a population of middle-aged White people associates with a modest reduction in BMI and fasting and OGTT-related plasma glucose levels.     

Addition of Transdermal or Inhaled Long-Acting β 2-Agonists in Adult Asthmatic Patients Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids: Switchover Study from Tulobuterol Patch to Salmeterol Dry Powder Inhaler

Sixty-four patients with persistent asthma receiving 200 to 800 μ g of fluticasone propionate daily were enrolled in this switchover study. The patients applied a tulobuterol patch 2 mg every 24 hours for 4 weeks followed by inhalation of salmeterol 100 μ g bid for 4 weeks. The mean values for morning and evening peak expiratory flow improved significantly compared with baseline during the 4 weeks of tulobuterol patch treatment. Further improvement was seen on switching to salmeterol treatment, which was significant even in the first week, and continued until the final week of the study. Use of salmeterol alone resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second %FEV1 from baseline, with 51% of patients feeling that the treatment was effective (vs. 37% on tulobuterol). These data suggest that salmeterol can achieve better control in asthmatic patients after switching from using tulobuterol patches.     

颈椎不稳症的影像诊断(附50例报告)

目的探讨颈椎不稳症的影像学诊断。方法回顾性分析50例经临床证实的颈椎不稳症患者的X线平片、CT和MRI检查资料。结果50例中上颈椎不稳16例,其中,寰枕关节不稳2例,表现为枕底—齿突线和斜坡—齿突线不连续,14例为寰枢关节不稳,其中,寰枢关节脱位7例;下颈椎不稳34例,其中,前屈不稳20例,后伸不稳14例。结论X线平片、CT和MRI综合分析能对颈椎不稳症作出准确的诊断。     

偏头痛患者发作期间听觉诱发电位和经颅多谱勒的变化

目的:研究偏头痛患者经颅彩色多谱勒(TCD)和脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)变化并探讨其临床意义. 方法:偏头痛患者350(男128,女222)例,年龄17~49岁,病程5 mo~12 a. 典型偏头痛185例(单侧头痛105例,双侧头痛80例),普遍偏头痛165例(单侧头痛95例,双侧头痛70例). 对照选择健康体检者135(男55,女80)例,年龄20~48岁. 全部患者在偏头痛发作期间同时进行TCD和TBAEP检查. 结果:在350例偏头痛患者中脑血流增快224例(64.0%),血流减慢110例(31.4%),血流正常16例(4.6%),总异常率95.43%. 典型偏头痛患者MCA(cm/s,大脑中动脉)和PCA(cm/s,大脑后动脉)均高于对照[(70± 7) vs (62±8),P<0.05; (48±9) vs (37±8),P<0.05]和普通偏头痛(61±6, P<0.05; 40±9, P<0.05). 偏头痛患者发作期脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)异常率为52.9%(185/350),表现为Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅲ~Ⅴ峰间期延长. 偏头痛发作间期BAEP正常. 偏头痛病程越长BAEP异常率越高,听神经损害的可能性越大. 结论:偏头痛发作期间有部分脑血流改变,同时有BAEP改变,病程越长BAEP异常率越高,听神经损害的可能性越大. 提示TCD和BAEP对偏头痛有一定诊断价值.     

颅脑创伤急性期双侧硬膜外血肿的诊断及治疗

目的观察急性外伤性双侧硬膜外血肿的临床、影像特点，以探讨其形成机制．并分析其临床诊断及治疗要点。方法对我院治疗的14例（男性11例，女性3例）急性外伤性双侧硬膜外血肿患者的临床、影像资料及预后进行回顾性分析。结果本研究中急性双侧硬膜外血肿常见的有3种情况：中线部位跨矢状窦血肿（5例），双侧对冲部位血肿（6例）以及一侧硬膜外血肿术后对侧迟发血肿（3例），均于伤后48h内诊断。患者入院时GCS13～15分8例，9～12分1例．≤8分5例。手术治疗9例，其中一次手术7例，二次手术2例；保守治疗5例。除2例死亡．1例植物生存外，余病人恢复良好。结论头颅平片对预测急性双侧硬膜外血肿有重要意义，动态CT扫描是及时发现血肿并观察其变化的重要手段：双侧硬膜外血肿早期发现并及时手术者大多预后良好．