三种消毒剂对体检中心物体表面消毒效果与使用成本的比较研究

目的对3种消毒剂在体检中心物体表面消毒的消毒效果及使用成本进行比较,为体检中心优选合适的物体表面消毒方式提供依据。方法分别使用I型复合双链季铵盐卫生湿巾、500mg/L含氯消毒剂、75%乙醇擦拭消毒健康体检中心采血台、彩超机和乳腺红外线诊断仪的表面,在消毒前、消毒后即刻、消毒后30min及1h分别对各区域进行棉拭子涂抹采样及培养。结果受检物体表面细菌菌落数采血台为(78.4±6.2)cfu/cm2,彩超机为(36.2±2.1)cfu/cm2,乳腺红外线诊断仪为(45.9±3.0)cfu/cm2。3种消毒剂消毒后各时间点采样菌落数与消毒前比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。I型复合双链季铵盐卫生湿巾消毒效果在消毒后即刻、消毒后30min及1h优于500mg/L含氯消毒剂、75%乙醇(P0.05,P0.01);每次消毒成本I型复合双链季铵盐卫生湿巾最低。结论 3种消毒剂对各监测表面均有良好的消毒效果,但I型复合双链季铵盐卫生湿巾的消毒持续效果优于其他两种,且使用成本低,使用方便、侵蚀性小,适用于体检中心物表消毒。     

Impact of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on prolactin in both male and female rats

The deleterious effects of ethanol (EtOH) on reproduction have been well documented. This disruption is usually associated with alterations in prolactin (PRL) levels, which is relevant since this hormone is an important participant in the reproductive system. Reported EtOH-induced changes in PRL (i.e., stimulation or inhibition) have varied. These differences may have been owing to the gender or age/sexual maturity of the animal and the mode of the administration of EtOH. Therefore, to clarify the impact of EtOH on PRL, a series of experiments were conducted utilizing rats of both genders, exposed to EtOH acutely or chronically, as adults and as they progressed through puberty. In general, in younger animals of both genders, EtOH depressed serum PRL whether given acutely or chronically. In adult males, acute EtOH actually stimulated PRL levels while chronic administration had no effect. In adult females, EtOH’s effect was highly dependent on the stage of the estrous cycle in which EtOH was given and during which PRL was measured. In conclusion, our studies have shown that the PRL response to EtOH is dependent on the gender and age/sexual maturity of the animals as well as on the mode of administration.     

一种葡萄糖酸氯己定醇消毒液相关性能试验观察

目的研制一种复方葡萄糖酸氯己定醇消毒液,并观察相关性能。方法采用悬液定量杀菌试验、现场消毒试验和动物实验方法,对葡糖糖酸氯己定乙醇消毒液性能进行试验观察。结果复方消毒液原液含葡萄糖酸氯己定20 g/L与体积分数70%乙醇。以该葡萄糖酸氯己定消毒液原液作用1 min,对悬液内大肠杆菌、金黄葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌平均杀灭对数值6.00,对白色念珠菌平均杀灭对数值5.00。用该葡萄糖酸氯己定醇作擦拭消毒,对临床护士皮肤上自然菌杀灭对数值平均为1.56。该复方葡萄糖酸氯己定醇消毒液对小鼠急性经口毒性LD50值5 000 mg/kg(体重),对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验结果为阴性,其原液对皮肤无刺激性。结论该复方葡萄糖酸氯己定醇消毒液对细菌繁殖体和真菌及皮肤上自然菌具有快速杀灭作用,属无毒级物质,无致突变作用,无皮肤刺激性。     

Beneficial effects of polydatin on learning and memory in rats with chronic ethanol exposure

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of polydatin on cognitive function in rats self-administered with chronic ethanol levels. The levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) were also determined. In the in vivo study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish an ethanol-administered rat model. Cognitive function was measured using the Morris water maze and the level of Cdk5 expression was measured to evaluate the effect of polydatin treatment. Cdk5 kinase activity and cell survival rate in primary hippocampal neuron cultures treated with ethanol or ethanol and polydatin were measured in the in vitro study. Polydatin reversed the performance impairments in chronic ethanol treated rats in Morris water maze test, and decreased unregulated Cdk5 expression. Moreover, polydatin increased cell survival rate, and decreased Cdk5 activity in the ethanol-treated primary culture of hippocampal neurons. The study results suggest that polydatin exhibits neuroprotective potential for ethanol induced neurotoxicity, both in vivo and in vitro, which is most likely related to its ability to target Cdk5 in neurons.     

2%葡萄糖酸氯己定皮肤消毒液在经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管维护中的应用

目的探讨2%葡萄糖酸氯己定皮肤消毒液在经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)维护中的应用效果。方法 2013年5-9月便利选择南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院肿瘤中心行PICC置管并在门诊进行导管维护的肿瘤患者60例,按置管先后将其分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组按照传统方法消毒,观察组采用2%葡萄糖酸氯己定局部皮肤消毒2次,比较两组患者皮肤细菌学培养结果、导管相关性感染的发生情况、PICC维护时间及耗材成本。结果两组患者均随访4周,均未出现导管相关性感染;PICC维护耗材成本,观察组为1.45元/(例·次),对照组为0.74元/(例·次),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);贴膜下皮肤细菌学培养结果及PICC导管维护时间观察组均少于或短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论 2%葡萄糖酸氯己定皮肤消毒液应用于PICC维护,安全性高,效果好,且省时方便,有利于降低人力成本,提高临床工作效率。     

The ameliorating effect of Rosa roxburghii against ethanol-induced psychomotor alterations in rats

Background: Ethanol (EtOH) is one of the oldest recreational substances known to man, primarily taken because it induces a sense of well-being (euphoric effects) and relaxation (anxiolytic effects). EtOH use entails various negative consequences. Of particular interest are EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations, because of its immediate manifestation and adverse consequences. Rosa roxburghii (RR), a wild plant of Southwest China, has gained attention on account of its numerous beneficial effects on the immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Objective: In the present study we assessed the effects of Rosa roxburghii (RR) on EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations in rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were orally administered distilled water (control group) or ethanol (4?g/kg BW) (EtOH-group) to induce psychomotor alterations. RR extract (25, 50, and 100?mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 30?min before EtOH treatment (RR-group). EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations were evaluated in the open-field, accelerating rotarod, hanging wire, and cold swimming tests. Behavioral evaluation and hematological analysis (EtOH and acetaldehyde concentration) were done at 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours after EtOH administration. Results: The EtOH group showed psychomotor alterations as compared with the control group. These EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations were directly related to the rise in blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations. Pre-treatment of RR significantly improved EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations on open-field, accelerating rotarod, hanging wire, and cold swimming tests. These improvements in psychomotor performance coincided with the decreased blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels observed in the RR-treated group. Conclusion: These results suggest that RR has ameliorating effects against EtOH-induced psychomotor alterations.     

Putative association between the -1415 T/C polymorphism of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT1) gene and alcohol use disorders in women and men

Background: The activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor, which responds to the levels of polyamines, modifies the neurotoxicity caused by ethanol. We aimed to investigate if the functionality of the spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT1) gene could be associated with a differential risk for alcoholism. Methods: We studied a sample of 586 subjects: 104 alcohol-dependent patients, 273 patients with psychiatric disorders but without substance dependence, and 209 healthy controls. After gender stratification, the allele frequency distribution of the SSAT1 gene was compared between these three groups. Results: In females, the TC genotype was significantly more frequent in alcohol-dependent patients than in non-alcohol-dependent psychiatric controls (χ^2?=?7.509 df?=?2, p?=?0.023). A trend was found when alcohol-dependent females were compared with the healthy control group (χ^2?=?4.897 df?=?2, p?=?0.086). No statistical differences were found among the males. Discussion and conclusion: Gender differences in the regulation of SSAT1 gene expression may possibly be due to gender-specific effects of stress, ethanol toxicity, and/or polyamines levels. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.     

How does ethanol induce apoptotic cell death of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells？

A body of evidence suggests that ethanol can lead to damage of neuronal cells. However, the mechanism underlying the ethanol-induced damage of neuronal cells remains unclear. The role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in ethanol-induced damage was investigated in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide cell viability assay, DNA fragmentation detection, and flow cytometric analysis showed that ethanol induced apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest, characterized by increased caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, nuclear disruption, and G1 arrest of cell cycle of the SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. In addition, western blot analysis indicated that ethanol induced a lasting increase in c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase activity and a transient increase in p38 kinase activity of the neuroblastoma cells. c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase or p38 kinase inhibitors significantly reduced the ethanol-induced cell death. Ethanol also increased p53 phosphorylation, followed by an increase in p21 tumor suppressor protein and a decrease in phospho-Rb （retinoblastoma） protein, leading to alterations in the expressions and activity of cyclin dependent protein kinases. Our results suggest that ethanol mediates apoptosis of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells by activating p53-related cell cycle arrest possibly through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase-related cell death pathway.     

Influence of silane and solvated bonding agents on the bond strength to glass‐fibre posts

The combined use of silane and solvated bonding agents on the bond strength to glass‐fibre posts was investigated. A model Bis‐GMA/HEMA adhesive was formulated with no solvent, 30% of ethanol or 80% of acetone. The surfaces of rectangular‐shaped posts were silanated or not and one of the agents was applied, except for the control group. Cylinders of resin cement (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE, Saint Paul, MN, USA) were built‐up on the surfaces (n = 20) and submitted to shear testing. All groups showed higher bond strengths when the surfaces were silanated. When no silanization was carried out, the use of bonding agents, either solvated or non‐solvated, increased the bond strengths. All groups treated with both silane and bonding agent showed higher bond strengths than the group that was only silanated. Control and ethanol‐based adhesives were similar, whereas the acetone‐based agent yielded higher bond strengths. Adhesive failures were predominant. Combination of silane and adhesive enhanced the bond to fibre posts.