胸腔镜食管切除术治疗食管癌

电视胸腔镜食管切除术是治疗食管癌的一种新的手术方法，该方法在食管外科中的地位仍在争论之中。作者自2000年5月至2002年5月开展了9例食管癌胸腔镜食管切除术。其中男7例，女2例；年龄42－56岁，平均51岁；颈段肿瘤1例，上胸段2例，中胸段5例，下胸段1例；病理均为鳞状细胞癌，分期为Ⅱ期以下。1例因肿瘤外侵粘连重，术中中转为开胸手术，8例顺利行胸腔镜食管切除及胃食管颈部吻合术。胸腔镜游离食管时间平均70min(40-120min），总手术时间平均252min(230-270min），术中平均出血量为250ml(150-400ml），平均摘除胸部淋巴结7个（5－12个）。术后并发喉返神经损伤1例；颈部切口感染1例，经保守治疗后痊愈。结果提示，胸腔镜食管切除术安全可行，近期结果与开胸术相当，远期结果及其在食管外科中的地位有待于进一步证实和探讨。     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者硬化与套扎治疗对食管动力的影响

研究肝硬化门脉高压合并食管静脉曲张患者行硬化、套扎治疗对食管测压的影响。硬化与套扎治疗组均于治疗前及治疗后各测压一次，结果显示：（1）硬化剂治疗后，食管下端括约肌（LES）息压及松弛压力降低，松弛率升高，松弛持续时间缩短；套扎治疗仅对LES静息压有影响。（2）硬化剂治疗使治疗部位及其以下食管的蠕动波幅值下降，蠕动持续时间延长，蠕动波速度加快；套扎治疗使治疗部位及其以下食管的蠕动持续时间缩短，异常蠕动性收缩增加。提示经治疗后应使用既能降低胃酸酸碱度，又能增加LES压力的抗酸药物，而套扎治疗后应使用胃动力药物。     

成人门静脉海绵样变性的诊断和治疗

目的　探讨成人门静脉海绵样变性的诊断方法和治疗。方法　对 31例成人门静脉海绵样变性患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 31例患者术前均有出血史 ,术前均经超声检查提示肝脏正常及门静脉海绵样变性 ,经脾穿刺门静脉造影或选择性肠系膜上动脉造影确诊。 12例行脾动脉结扎、胃冠状静脉及分支结扎、肠 腔C型架桥术 ,1例行脾 肾静脉架桥术。 8例已切脾断流后再出血患者 ,结扎冠状静脉主干后 ,6例行肠 腔C型架桥术 ,1例行肠系膜下静脉 下腔静脉C型架桥术 ,1例因静脉曲张和出血部位在空肠上段而行空肠节段切除术。 6例行脾 腔架桥术 ,2例行改良脾 肺固定术 ,脾 肾架桥术和门静脉 下腔静脉架桥术各 1例 ,1例行脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术。术后随访 6个月～ 4年 (随访率 10 0 % ) ,食管胃底曲张静脉均减轻或消失 ,无再出血和肝性脑病发生。结论　多普勒超声检查和经皮脾穿刺门静脉造影是诊断本病的理想方法 ;门 体分流术加门 奇断流术是治疗本病的最佳选择。     

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration performed in a pediatric patient with isolated gastric fundal varices

Background

For giant gastric varices in association with portal hypertension, endoscopic treatment often is difficult. Although balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) has been performed successfully in adult cirrhotic patients, there has been no report in pediatric patients.

Methods

A 10-year-old girl with biliary atresia (BA) who had been free of jaundice after hepatic portoenterostomy was detected to have isolated gastric fundal varices by routine endoscopy. They gradually enlarged up to 4 cm in diameter, showing a tense appearance, so prophylactic treatment was conducted. Magnetic resonance angiography showed the blood flow of the varices mainly drained by a large gastrorenal shunt. A balloon catheter was introduced into the gastrorenal shunt via the femoral vein and was inflated to occlude the outflow of the varices. Five percent ethanolamine oleate was injected into the varices, and the outflow occlusion was kept for more than 30 minutes. Extensive thrombosis was achieved by an additional embolotherapy after 17 months. Throughout the course, the patient has been doing well without bleeding or worsening of the liver function tests.

Conclusions

B-RTO for isolated gastric fundal varices has been performed safely in a pediatric patient and seems effective in reducing the variceal size and tension.     

管状胃对食管癌根治术后患者预后的影响

[摘要]目的探讨管状胃代替食管对食管癌根治术后患者生活质量的影响。方法设计我院2012年6月～2013年3月行食管癌根治术患者135例,随机分为实验组（管状胃替代食管,63例）与对照组（全胃替代食管,72例）,比较两组患者手术情况、术后并发症发生率、生活质量相关指标。结果入组患者治疗均获成功,无术中死亡病例,术中相关指标比较,差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。术后并发症比较,实验组返流性食管炎与胸胃综合征的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。术后6周,两组患者生活质量比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,实验组术后3个月以及术后6个月生活质量改善情况较对照组好,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论管状胃治疗手段对于食管癌根治术后患者生活质量的改善有着积极的作用。     

Intramural injection with botulinum toxin significantly elongates the pig esophagus

Background/Purpose

Surgical treatment of long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) is challenging. Methods which facilitate stretching of the esophageal pouches may allow primary anastomosis. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) blocks acetylcholine release in neuromuscular junctions, thereby causing muscle relaxation. We hypothesized that intramural injections with BTX-A into the esophageal wall of piglets would significantly elongate the tissue upon stretch.

Methods

Twenty-four piglets were randomized to receive BTX-A of placebo (saline). After one hour, the esophagus was removed en bloc and tested in a stretch-tension device.

Results

The mean esophageal elongation was 84% (range 83–101) in the BTX-A-group and 65% (50–78) in the control group. The mean difference between the two groups was 18%, which was significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Intramural injections with botulinum toxin type A elongate the esophagus significantly. Clinically, this could be a potential method to achieve primary anastomosis in LGEA. Additional clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the method before it can be generally recommended.     

经右胸入路结合管状胃在食管癌手术中的应用

目的 探讨经右胸入路结合管状胃在食管癌手术中的应用价值和手术要点. 方法 106例食管癌患者均采用经右胸二或三切口,并结合管状胃重建消化道,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨经右胸切口的优势及管状胃的应用价值. 结果 106例病人手术顺利,术后恢复良好.术后发生颈部吻合口瘘1例,吻合口狭窄1例,单侧喉返神经损伤致声嘶12例.全组系统性淋巴结清扫彻底,无严重胃排空障碍及胸胃综合征发生. 结论 经右胸二或三切口行食管癌手术更有利于肿瘤彻底切除和淋巴结清扫,管状胃重建消化道更符合生理解剖学的要求,又可明显减少手术风险及术后并发症.     

72例食管穿孔手术治疗的疗效分析

目的:目前对于食管穿孔手术治疗的方式尚有争议,本身研究对72例食管穿孔患者手术治疗的疗效进行分析,以评估其临床应用价值.方法:手术治疗72例食管穿孔患者.所有穿孔均使用肌肉瓣或胸膜瓣覆盖或修复,颈段食管穿孔使用胸锁乳突肌瓣,胸段食管穿孔使用横膈膜瓣,由恶性肿瘤或其他严重疾病引起的穿孔则行食管切除术.结果:57例患者进行食管穿孔修补术,15例患者接受食管切除术,穿孔修补术后发生漏的比例为12％,但均已治愈.1例一期接受食管修补术的患者死亡(死亡率1.5％);只有一例患者进行二期食管切除术;15例接受食管切除术的患者中14例获得治愈.结论:食管穿孔患者接受恰当有效的手术治疗,可获得良好的疗效,减少并发症的发生,并可降低死亡率.