杭州市20～79岁居民代谢综合征流行特征的研究

目的了解杭州市居民代谢综合征（MS）流行特征及影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法于2005年调查了杭州市20～79岁城乡常住居民1452人。 结果杭州市居民MS的患病率为8.68%,标化率为6.70%,增龄趋势明显,40岁起患病率明显升高,男女性别间、城乡之间患病无差异。MS家族聚集趋势明显（Fisher 确切概率IP/I=0.0244）,随体力活动频次和强度增加患病率有下降的趋势（I/Isup2/sup=6.2956, I/Isup2/sup=6.6692, IP/I0.05）。人群MS的知晓率很低（3.65%）。结论MS已成为威胁本地区居民健康的重要公共卫生问题,应加大健康教育力度和针对不同人群开展综合性防治。     

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in a Japanese elderly population

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of restless leg syndrome (RLS) in elderly Japanese people by means of a population-based survey of subjects aged ≥65 years.BackgroundStudies conducted worldwide have revealed large variations in the prevalence of RLS among different populations. However, few studies have been done in Japan.MethodsA population-based survey was carried out from 2003 to 2006 through a local healthcare project in the small town of Ajimu in a rural area of southern Japan. A Japanese translation of the questionnaire covering the four features of RLS as defined by the International RLS Study Group in 1995 was used to confirm the diagnosis of RLS. All participants aged ≥65 years were invited to fill out the questionnaire. Subjects with positive results underwent face-to-face interviews.ResultsA total of 1251 persons (men, 35%; mean age, 75.0 ± 6.1 years) answered the questionnaire. Of these 1251 participants, 70 (5.6%) (men, 20%; mean age, 75 ± 4.9 years) answered the questions on RLS positively. Face-to-face interviews and examination confirmed the diagnosis of RLS in 12 subjects. Therefore the overall prevalence of RLS in the elderly Japanese population was estimated at 0.96%, with a higher prevalence in women (1.23%) than in men (0.46%).ConclusionThe overall prevalence of RLS among inhabitants of Ajimu aged ≥65 years is 0.96%. Most of the subjects identified were women. The prevalence of RLS is lower in Japan than in studies conducted in European and North American populations.     

Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Framework for an Emerging Set of Public Health Informatics Methods to Analyze Search,Communication and Publication Behavior on the Internet

Infodemiology can be defined as the science of distribution and determinants of information in an electronic medium, specifically the Internet, or in a population, with the ultimate aim to inform public health and public policy. Infodemiology data can be collected and analyzed in near real time. Examples for infodemiology applications include: the analysis of queries from Internet search engines to predict disease outbreaks (eg. influenza); monitoring peoples'' status updates on microblogs such as Twitter for syndromic surveillance; detecting and quantifying disparities in health information availability; identifying and monitoring of public health relevant publications on the Internet (eg. anti-vaccination sites, but also news articles or expert-curated outbreak reports); automated tools to measure information diffusion and knowledge translation, and tracking the effectiveness of health marketing campaigns. Moreover, analyzing how people search and navigate the Internet for health-related information, as well as how they communicate and share this information, can provide valuable insights into health-related behavior of populations. Seven years after the infodemiology concept was first introduced, this paper revisits the emerging fields of infodemiology and infoveillance and proposes an expanded framework, introducing some basic metrics such as information prevalence, concept occurrence ratios, and information incidence. The framework distinguishes supply-based applications (analyzing what is being published on the Internet, eg. on Web sites, newsgroups, blogs, microblogs and social media) from demand-based methods (search and navigation behavior), and further distinguishes passive from active infoveillance methods. Infodemiology metrics follow population health relevant events or predict them. Thus, these metrics and methods are potentially useful for public health practice and research, and should be further developed and standardized.     

河南省开封地区临床病人肠道寄生虫感染调查

目的了解开封地区人肠道寄生虫感染状况,尤其是机会性致病原虫和人兽共患寄生虫的流行情况。方法采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、甲醛—乙酸乙酯—改良抗酸染色法和卢戈碘液染色法对该地区门诊和住院病人6093份粪便样品进行了检查。结果检出肠道寄生虫8种,总感染率为1.49%,首次摸清了人环孢子虫感染的流行状况,感染率为0.85%;蓝氏贾第虫和粪类圆线虫感染率次之,分别为0.16%和0.15%;蛔虫、人隐孢子虫和阿米巴原虫感染率均为0.10%,钩虫感染率为0.08%,结肠小袋纤毛虫感染率为0.02%,混合感染感染率为0.05%。结论开封地区临床病人肠道寄生虫感染率较低,但仍应进一步开展健康教育,普及卫生知识,提高自我保健意识和自我保健能力,预防寄生虫病的发生和流行。     

用logisitic回归模型和负二项回归模型分析藏族人群亚健康状态的危险因素

背景：一般社区人群亚健康状态的研究少有报道,对于少数民族的研究更是少见。 目的：用logisitic回归模型和负二项回归模型分析藏族人群亚健康状态的危险因素。 设计、时间及地点：横断面调查于2007-09在四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州松潘县完成。 对象：1 791名藏族受试者均来自海拔3 000余米的四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州东北部的松潘县,1 763人完成了亚健康状态量表。年龄10~80岁,平均27岁;男性受试者的比例为41.5%(731人)。所有受试者对调查方案均知情同意。 方法：采用分层二阶段整群抽样在四川省松潘县进行藏族人群亚健康状态调查,采用陈青山等制定的亚健康量表进行亚健康状态评定,分别用亚健康状态现患率、症状数及各维度的现患率反映人群的亚健康状况。 主要观察指标：用多因素logistic回顾模型和负二项回归模型进行亚健康状态危险因素分析。 结果：1 038名受试者拥有1项或1项以上的亚健康症状,亚健康状态的现患率为58.9%。量表的分半信度和内部一致性分别为0.765 8和0.815 4。logistic回归模型结果显示高龄(P=0.000 4)、女性(P < 0.000 1)、已婚(P=0.000 8）、脑力劳动(P=0.002 1)和吸烟(P < 0.000 1)是亚健康的主要危险因素。但是在负二项回归模型中,婚姻状态(P=0.068 9)和职业(P=0.139 8)未证实为危险因素。 结论：生活在高海拔地区的藏族人群也有较高的亚健康状态患病情况,值得医学研究人员的进一步关注。此外,负二项回归模型应被推广用于亚健康状态及其危险因素的研究。     

福建省2008-2017年人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征及分离株MLVA分型研究

目的 探讨福建省人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征,并对其分离株进行分子分型,为制定预防控制策略提供依据。方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2008-2017年福建省布鲁氏菌病报告数据,进行流行特征分析;采用传统生物学鉴定和BCSP31-PCR、AMOS-PCR、MLVA-16进行布鲁氏菌分离株分子鉴定和分型,并进行聚类分析。结果 福建省2008-2017年布鲁氏菌病发病呈逐年上升趋势,年均发病率0.11/10万;疫情波及福建省80%的县区,呈高度散发态势;发病高峰为4-8月;40~64岁发病数占62.7%,60~64岁组发病率最高(0.27/10万);男女比为2.50:1,农牧民占50.7%。40株布鲁氏菌分离株分子检测结果与传统分型基本相符,为2个种(羊种和猪种)和2个生物型(羊3型和猪3型),其中羊种布鲁氏菌占绝大多数(87.5%); MLVA-16分型将其分为羊种和猪种2个种群,35株羊种菌分为28种基因型,5株猪种菌分为4种基因型,其中26种基因型为单分离株,6种基因型为共享基因型(共14株,35.0%)。同国内147株布鲁氏菌进行聚类分析显示,福建省菌株与广东和内蒙古地区存在4种共享基因型,均为羊种菌,其他部分菌株与外省菌株存在着较近的遗传距离,主要集中在panel 2B上,仅存在1~3个位点的差异。结论 福建省布鲁氏菌病流行强度逐年增高,建议相关部门加强传染源的管控、对疫情高发地区的重点人群采取必要防控措施,控制其发生与流行。福建省布鲁氏菌MLVA-16分型显示高度基因多态性,提示MLVA-16可用于遗传多样性分析和分子流行病学溯源调查,可以提高布鲁氏菌病监测能力。     

Taking cognizance of mental illness in schizophrenics and its association with crime and substance-related diagnoses

OBJECTIVE: To analyse how committed crimes and substance-related diagnoses are associated with the age on the first contact with the psychiatric hospital system and the age at diagnosing of schizophrenia among schizophrenics. METHOD: In a register-based study including all Danes diagnosed with schizophrenia born after November 1, 1963, data on criminality, substance-related diagnoses and contacts with the psychiatric hospital system were analysed. RESULTS: Compared with the non-convicted schizophrenics the convicted were older on first contact with the psychiatric hospital system and older when the diagnosis of schizophrenia was first given. In contrast, having a substance-related diagnosis was associated with a younger age on first contact but did not influence the age at which the diagnosis of schizophrenia was given. CONCLUSION: It is important that both psychiatrists and the judicial system are aware of possible psychotic symptoms in criminal and abusing individuals to enable earlier detection and treatment.     

Survey of psychiatric morbidity in a semi-urban population in Sri Lanka

This paper reports a survey of psychiatric morbidity in a semiurban community (population 7,653) in Sri Lanka. The entire population was first screened by social workers using a standardized interview. Probable cases were then examined by psychiatrists. Each psychiatric disorder identified was rated on four different parameters of severity, and only those rating moderate or severe were labelled as cases. The socio-demographic characteristics of the cases and the population at risk, and the frequency and nature of psychiatric disorders are presented in Tables. The 6-month period prevalence for all psychiatric disorders was 45.5 per 1,000, with psychoses amounting to 6.9 (males 5.5; females 8.4) per 1,000, and neuroses to 25.2 (males 9.9; females 40.6) per 1,000. The large majority of disorders were chronic and had not received psychiatric treatment. The relevance of these surveys in the provision of psychiatric services in developing countries is discussed.     

Highlighting the need for better patient care in stable angina: results of the international Angina Treatment Patterns (ATP) Survey in 7074 patients

BACKGROUND: Stable angina is a growing problem worldwide. Diagnostic methods and treatment regimens are established but data on actual practice are sparse and pre-date current guidance. OBJECTIVES: To compare diagnosis and treatment information with guideline recommendations, and to assess impact on quality of life. METHODS: This international epidemiological survey recruited patients through primary and secondary care clinicians from China, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Portugal, Russia and Slovak Republic. Participants experienced at least one episode of stable angina within the previous four weeks. Outcomes included use of diagnostic techniques, pharmacological treatments, surgical intervention, secondary prevention and quality of life. RESULTS: The study included 7074 patients, average age 63.3 (sd 10.3). Diagnosis of angina was most frequently as a result of chest pains (87.4%) with confirmation by resting ECG in only 54.9%. Advice regarding risk factors was frequently given although secondary prevention was often ineffective with 41% of treated hypertensives lacking effective control. 97% of patients were taking at least one of the primary therapies for stable angina recommended by the guidelines with rates of individual therapies varying greatly across countries. Quality of life was lowest in countries with low rates of surgical intervention and poor observance of guidelines on pharmaceutical therapy. CONCLUSION: Results show that the management of patients with stable angina does not meet recommended standards, although the appropriateness of these guidelines in poorer countries needs further investigation. Overall, the survey indicates that improved medical care and risk factor management would enhance prognosis and improve quality of life.     

Deprivation and AIDS in a southern European city: different patterns across transmission group

OBJECTIVE: To analyse deprivation and AIDS among three AIDS transmission groups (men who have sex with men--MSM, heterosexuals, and intravenous drug users--IDUs) in Barcelona, Spain, during the period 1990-95. METHODS: This is an ecological study, the unit of analysis being the neighbourhoods. Included were AIDS cases residents in Barcelona. The association among AIDS rate and deprivation was studied using Spearman correlation coefficients and Poisson regression. RESULTS: For MSM, inner city neighbourhood residence meant a greater risk of AIDS; but lower educational level was inversely related with AIDS rates. For heterosexuals, variables related with AIDS rates were younger age, inner city areas and social unrest for women, and extreme poverty for men. Among UDIs variables related with AIDS were unemployment and social unrest for both sexes. CONCLUSION: The association between AIDS rates and deprivation differs across transmission groups in a southern European city.