Self-reported fast eating is a potent predictor of development of impaired glucose tolerance in Japanese men and women: Tsukuba Medical Center Study

We recorded self-reported eating patterns in 172 Japanese men and women who were subsequently followed for 3 years for the occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).Incidence of IGT was significantly higher in those who reported eating fast. Self-reported eating fast is a potent risk factor for development of IGT.     

Pilot randomized trial of nutritional supplementation in patients with tuberculosis and HIV-tuberculosis coinfection receiving directly observed short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis

Objective To investigate the effects of nutritional supplementation on the outcome and nutritional status of south Indian patients with tuberculosis (TB) with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection on anti‐tuberculous therapy. Method Randomized controlled trial on the effect of a locally prepared cereal–lentil mixture providing 930 kcal and a multivitamin micronutrient supplement during anti‐tuberculous therapy in 81 newly diagnosed TB alone and 22 TB–HIV‐coinfected patients, among whom 51 received and 52 did not receive the supplement. The primary outcome evaluated at completion of TB therapy was outcome of TB treatment, as classified by the national programme. Secondary outcomes were body composition, compliance and condition on follow‐up 1 year after cessation of TB therapy and supplementation. Results There was no significant difference in TB outcomes at the end of treatment, but HIV–TB coinfected individuals had four times greater odds of poor outcome than those with TB alone. Among patients with TB, 1/35 (2.9%) supplemented and 5/42(12%) of those not supplemented had poor outcomes, while among TB–HIV‐coinfected individuals, 4/13 (31%) supplemented and 3/7 (42.8%) non‐supplemented patients had poor outcomes at the end of treatment, and the differences were more marked after 1 year of follow‐up. Although there was some trend of benefit for both TB alone and TB–HIV coinfection, the results were not statistically significant at the end of TB treatment, possibly because of limited sample size. Conclusion Nutritional supplements in patients are a potentially feasible, low‐cost intervention, which could impact patients with TB and TB–HIV. The public health importance of these diseases in resource‐limited settings suggests the need for large, multi‐centre randomized control trials on nutritional supplementation.     

胸腔镜下肺叶切除手术治疗Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌

目的：探讨胸腔镜下肺叶切除手术治疗UIa期非小细胞肺癌的可行性、安全性。方法：2005年1月至2007年12月间,对广州医学院第一附属医院116例进行电视胸腔镜下（全胸腔镜c-VATS组．68例;及胸腔镜辅助小切口a—VATS组,48例）肺叶切除术的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者进行了系统的分析。结果：17例患者的需要转变手术方式（由c-VATS到a-VATS,15例;由c—VATS到开放手术,1例;由a—VATS到开放手术,1例）。手术中转开胸1例。ma期108例,DIb期8例,无围术期死亡,无严重并发症。全组手术时间平均（158±36）min,术中失血平均（176±50）mL,术后胸管停留时间平均（3．2±1．8）d,术后住院平均（7．5±2．5）d。结论：胸腔镜下肺叶切除手术治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的是安全,有效的。     

C5a/C5aR通路对约氏疟原虫增殖和小鼠生存的影响

目的观察C5a/C5aR通路对约氏疟原虫17XL(P.y17XL)的增殖及其对BALB/c小鼠致死率的影响。结论将实验小鼠分为正常BALB/c组和C5aR-/-BALB/c组,每组5只,相同剂量的P.y17XL(2×105)分别感染正常BALB/c组小鼠和C5aR-/-BALB/c组小鼠,于感染后0、2、4和6d观察两组小鼠原虫血症和存活率的变化,并且采用ELISA检测感染P.y17XLBALB/c小鼠血清中C5a的水平。结果与正常组小鼠相比,C5aR-/-组小鼠生存期缩短,P.y17XL在C5aR-/-组小鼠的原虫血症较野生株小鼠高(P<0.05),而P.y17XL感染小鼠的血清中C5a含量低于未感染的小鼠。结论 C5a/C5aR能够抑制P.y17XL的增殖,并能延长感染小鼠的生存期。     

Sister chromatid exchange in malignant lymphomas

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was evaluated in peripheral lymphocytes from 20 untreated patients with malignant lymphomas: 6 with Hodgkin's disease (HD), 14 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 5 with lymphadenitis. The mean SCE frequency (+/- SE) was: 11.2 +/- 0.6, 11.0 +/- 0.6, and 7.2 +/- 0.3 for HD, NHL, and lymphadenitis patients, respectively, and 8.7 +/- 0.2 for the control group. No differences in SCE score were observed in HD and NHL. These results allowed us to consider both groups (HD and NHL) as a single neoplastic population (mean +/- SE, 11.0 +/- 0.4). No significant differences were found between the lymphadenitis and control groups. On the other hand, significantly higher SCE scores were seen in neoplastic populations than in the control and lymphadenitis groups (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively). When SCE was compared by chromosome number and group between neoplastic patients and controls, a higher SCE frequency was observed in chromosomes #1, #2, #3, and B, C + X, E, F chromosome groups than in controls. SCE levels were significantly higher in lymphoma patients in all chromosome numbers and groups mentioned than in patients with lymphadenitis. It is suggested that the high SCE rate in the malignant lymphoma population is possibly related to an increased chromosomal instability.     

Peripheral aromatization as a risk factor for breast and endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women: a review

In menopause, estrogens are produced almost exclusively through peripheral aromatization of androgens, especially androstenedione. Obesity increases the production rate of estrogens by means of the same mechanism. In postmenopause, plasma levels of SHBG diminish significantly. Obesity even further decreases the levels of SHBG, thus increasing "free" E2 available to target tissues. The increase in circulating estrogenic activity in menopause, whether as a result of obesity or of ingestion of estrogens, implies a risk factor for endometrial and breast cancer not only because of the permissive and stimulating effects of estrogens but also due to the special circumstance that they may act on target tissues in the almost absolute absence of the "protecting effect" of progesterone. The modifications performed by obesity on the values of SHBG and circulating estrogens are reversible, since they tend to normalize with weight loss.     

Zonal organization of the floccular Purkinje cells projecting to the group y of the vestibular nuclear complex and the lateral cerebellar nucleus in cats

Injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made iontophoretically in the group y of the vestibular nucleus and the lateral cerebellar nucleus (LC) in cats. Topographical distribution of labeled Purkinje cells due to the retrograde axonal transport of HRP was studied in the flocculus. It was found that Purkinje cells in the caudal part of the flocculus project mainly to the ipsilateral group y and sparsely to the ventromedial part of the ipsilateral LC.     

The mechanism of inhibition of phospholipase activity of crotoxin B by crotoxin A

In the crotoxin complex isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, the component A inhibits the phospholipase A₂ activity of crotoxin B only when the substrate is in the aggregated form, preventing the interaction of the enzyme with lecithin-water interfaces. In contrast, with similar rates of hydrolysis of dihexanoyllecithin monomers, the activity of the crotoxin complex is lower than that of crotoxin B when the substrate is aggregated into micelles. Crotoxin B readily hydrolyses dimyristoyllecithin vesicles, the rate being modulated by the physical state of the phospholipid, suggesting that the enzyme is tightly bound to the interface. With the crotoxin complex the rate of vesicle hydrolysis is much slower (about $\text{1}\text{10}$ that of crotoxin B) and is little affected by the physical state of the lecithin. Direct binding experiments demonstrate that, in contrast to crotoxin B, the crotoxin complex is unable to interact with lecithin-water interfaces. Together with the free accessibility of the enzyme active site in the crotoxin complex, this evidence suggests that a specific area on the enzyme surface, different from the active site and shielded by crotoxin A in the complex, is responsible for the interaction of crotoxin B with lipid-water interfaces.     

胆管空肠Roux—en—y吻合术对老年胆道再生结石的远期疗效

目的探讨改良的胆总管空肠Roux—en—y吻合术对老年胆道再生结石患者的远期疗效。方法将自1990年7月至2002年7月本院收治的51例老年胆道结石复发的患者分为改良组与对照组。改良组31例，均行改良的胆总管空肠Roux—en—y吻合术；对照组20例为改良术式前收治的患者，行胆管十二指肠吻合术。对51例进行随访6～16年，统计两组远期效果及再手术率。结果改良组效果优、良者占93．6％，再手术率3．2％（1／31）；对照组效果优、良者占60．0％，再手术率35％，两组间优良率及再手术率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论胆总管空肠Roux—en—y吻合术对老年胆道再生结石患者有良好的远期疗效。     

患者自我评估与嗓音声学分析的比较

目的分析嗓音疾病患者自我评估的可靠性及其与嗓音声学检测的相关性。方法对35例嗓音疾病患者进行自我评估和嗓音声学检测。采用嗓音障碍指数(voice handicap index，VHI)和嗓音相关生活质量(voicerelated quality of life，V—RQOL)评估法。嗓音声学检测主要测试基频微扰、振幅微扰及标准化噪声能量三个参数，将自我评估结果与嗓音声学检测结果进行相关分析。结果VHI的功能、生理和情感三个范畴之间与V—RQOL的生理一功能、社会一情感两个范畴间有相关性；声学检测三个参数间相关性良好；而嗓音自我评估与声学参数间无相关性。结论嗓音疾病患者自我评估方法是获得患者全面信息的重要方法．客观检查不能预测主观评估的结果．