浙江省地方性氟中毒改水降氟防治效果评价

目的 了解浙江省地方性氟中毒防治措施落实情况及防治效果。方法 32个病区县(市、区)中,随机选取15个县对8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病及原病区村改水设施运行情况进行调查。水氟含量检测使用氟离子选择电极法;儿童氟斑牙检查使用Dean氏法。结果 正常和间歇使用的改水工程为156个,受益人口数达385 524人,管网末梢水氟含量均值为0.46 mg/L,范围为0.09~4.51 mg/L。受检人数29220人,氟斑牙患病率为7.70%,氟斑牙指数为0.15,判定流行强度为阴性。结论 浙江省地氟病防治取得较好的效果,但存在着改水设施使用维护不善、非病区村患病率升高等新问题。     

Diet and the risk of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: a population-based case-control study in Sweden and Norway

A population-based case-control study was conducted in two regions ofSweden and Norway to investigate the association between dietary habits andthe risk of thyroid cancer. The consumption of selected foods was reported ina self-completed food-frequency questionnaire by 246 cases withhistologically confirmed papillary (n = 209) and follicular (n = 37) thyroidcarcinoma, and 440 age- and gender-matched controls. Odds ratios (OR) andtheir 95 percent confidence interval (CI) were calculated as estimates of therelative risk using conditional logistic regression. High consumption ofbutter (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.1-2.5) and cheese (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.0-2.4) wasassociated with increased risks. Residence in areas of endemic goiter inSweden was associated with an elevated risk, especially among women (OR =2.5, CI = 1.3-4.9). High consumption of cruciferous vegetables was associatedwith increased risk only in persons who ever lived in such areas. A decreasedrisk was associated with consumption of iodized salt in northern Norway, andwith use of iodized salt during adolescence among women (OR = 0.6, CI =0.6-1.0). The results of this study suggest a role of diet and environment inthe risk of thyroid cancer.     

锰对克山病区粮饲养的大鼠某些无机元素分布的影响

本文叙述了在克山病病区粮中混合1000ppm锰后,大鼠肝、心肌、肾脏及毛中锰含量显著升高,肝铁下降、但对组织中的硒含量无显著影响。这表明锰干扰硒的代谢,可能与给锰途径及饲料中蛋白质含量有关。     

Renal replacement therapy in Bosnia and Herzegovina: report of the Society of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Introduction Renal replacement therapy (RRT) had been established in Bosniaand Herzegovina before the war in 1992–1995. During thewar, the activity of the dialysis centres could only continuebecause of donations of supply provided by Medicine Du Mondeand the European Union [1]. Since 1997, the expenses of dialysistreatment are again met by the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1997, the Society of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantationof Bosnia Herzegovina was founded and continues to receive organizationaland financial help from Medicine Du Monde. In 1999, the societyfounded the renal registry of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Completedata reporting was achieved in 2001, covering all 20 dialysiscentres in Bosnia Herzegovina, with a return rate of 100%. Inthe following,     

新疆奎屯地区地方性砷中毒致癌致突变远期作用的干预研究

目的:探讨防治新疆奎屯地方性砷中毒干预实验前后患者砷中毒病情与癌变之间的关系。方法 :以皮肤癌变、内脏癌变、染色体畸变和微核率作为评价指标 ,对奎屯砷中毒地区改水防病干预 15年后进行致癌、致突变流行病学调查研究。 结果 :干预实验 15年来 ,77%的病区饮用水已符合卫生学要求 ,90 %以上砷中毒患者病情有了好转 ,无新发病例 ,但原有的中度和重度砷中毒患者中仍有癌症发生 ,染色体畸变率和微核率也明显高于对照人群。 结论 :砷致癌、致突变的远期效应是明显的。     

Endemic Goitre in the Darfur Region (Sudan)

ABSTRACT In the Darfur region of Sudan, 85.5% of 4134 subjects examined, mainly school children, had goitre and in 23.9% the goitre was large (stage II or III). The prevalence of goitre was high in prepubertal children of both sexes and in adult females. There was a higher frequency of large goitre in the rural than in the urban areas (40.9 nad 11.4%, respectively). In Port Sudan on the Red Sea Coast the goitre rate was 13.5% among 7697 schoolchildren, but here visible goitre was extremely rare. Of the subjects from Darfur, 54.5% excreted less than 50 μg of iodine/g creatinine, while all except one subject in Port Sudan excreted mote than that. the median urinary excretion of iodine was 45.6μg/g in subjects from Darfur and 171.2 in those from Port Sudan, the mean value being significantly lower in the former than in the latter (p<0.001). The iodine content of all water samples was very low, nad the contents of calcium nad fluoride were not high. Ohter goitrogenic facotrs cound not be excluded. However, iodine dificiency is the major cause of goitre in the Darfur region nad a prophylactic programme is urgently needed.     

Dental fluorosis among participants in a non-supervised fluoride tablet program

The aim of the present study was to describe the intraoral pattern of dental fluorosis among fluoride tablet consumers. One hundred and forty-two children, of whom 56 had participated in a fluoride tablet program of 0.5/1.0 mg NaF per day were examined blindly for possible fluoride-induced enamel changes. A low prevalence of dental fluorosis was found among non-participants. The later in life the tooth was formed, the higher was the prevalence. The subjects who had participated in the fluoride tablet program showed a significantly higher prevalence of fluorosis. They could be divided into three groups: Group 1 exhibited a tooth prevalence pattern not statistically different from that of the non-participants, group 2 showed dental fluorosis in almost all teeth except in those formed before the start of the tablet program. In group 3 the early and the late formed teeth showed very little fluorosis while those formed in the few years just after the initiation of the fluoride tablet intake were affected by fluorosis.     

地方性甲状腺肿、地方性克汀病流行区人群血清、水、土微量元素调查报告

本文就我省大别山区霍山县地方性甲状腺肿和地方性克汀病流行区——太平乡185例成人血清铜、锌、锰、镁测定结果与非病区正常成人495例均值相比较,发现锰、铜、铜/锌比值高:锌、镁低,均具有统计学意义。对当地水、土壤检测这些元素也有相应发现。推测在当地地甲病和地克病的病因和发病原理上,除缺碘为基础外,这些元素含量的异常也可能起着重要影响。在今后的防治中,除补碘外,对这些有关元素也应考虑作相应补充或驱除。