安阳市碘缺乏病阶段目标实现后碘盐监测结果分析

目的了解安阳市消除碘缺乏病后碘盐情况,为防治预措施提供科学依据。方法按照《全国碘缺乏病防治方案》的要求进行碘盐监测。结果监测盐业公司碘盐872份,批质量合格率100%,监测居民家庭食用盐1506份,非碘盐率为1.20%,覆盖率为98.80%,合格率为97.40%。结论安阳市居民合格碘盐食用率已达到国家标准。     

Loquat leaf extract and alginate based green composite edible coating for preserving the postharvest quality of Nanfeng tangerines

The present study was designed to investigate the preventive effect of loquat leaf (LL) based green extract combined with alginate-based composite against fungal infection in Nanfeng tangerine fruit. The sensory quality, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of postharvest citrus were estimated after the treatment. Results showed that LL extract's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) to Penicillium digitatum were 0.625 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy showed that LL extract could break, bend, and inhibit the average expected growth of P. digitatum hyphae. Concurrently, a composite coating of LL extract effectively reduces postharvest decay rate and weight loss, postpones fruit respiration, and delays the nutrient degradation of Nanfeng tangerines during cold storage. Also, a significant delay in MDA accumulation and an improved antioxidant defense system are shown by higher non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, phenols, and flavonoids) and higher ROS-scavenging enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX) were recorded. The green composite treatment could effectively delay the senescence and prolong the storage time of citrus. These results suggested that the green composite coating containing plant extract had great potential for citrus preservation.     

食用生茶油外涂防治卧床病人摩擦红斑的临床研究

[目的]探讨生茶油外涂防治卧床病人摩擦红斑的临床效果。[方法]将2010年1月—12月Bra-den压疮风险评估得分14分以下有可能发生摩擦红斑的大小便失禁的卧床病人随机分为两组,预防1组采用生茶油外涂,预防2组采用爽身粉外擦,比较摩擦红斑发生情况;将2010年1月—12月由院外带入或院内发生摩擦红斑的大小便失禁病人随机分为两组,治疗1组应用生茶油外涂,治疗2组应用烫疮油外涂,观察两组病人局部组织止痛、消肿及红斑愈合时间。[结果]预防1组摩擦红斑的发生率明显低于预防2组(P<0.01);治疗1组局部组织止痛、消肿及红斑愈合时间明显短于治疗2组(P<0.01)。[结论]对大小便失禁的卧床病人应用食用生茶油外涂可预防摩擦红斑的发生,并可有效地治疗摩擦红斑。     

药食同源植物杜仲化学成分、药理作用及产品开发的研究概况

杜仲（Eucommia ulmoides），又称胶木，为杜仲科杜仲属植物，在我国已有超过两千年的药用历史。杜仲通常使用其干燥的树皮和叶子入药。由于其在临床应用中的较高安全性，杜仲叶已在2019年通过食用安全性评价正式列为药食同源物质，成为食品和保健品开发的有力资源。根据中医理论，杜仲具有补肝肾、强筋骨、安胎等功效。现代研究表明，杜仲的不同部位，如皮、叶、花和种子等，含有类似的化学成分，主要包括苯丙素类、萜类、黄酮类、酚酸类、甾体和多糖类等物质。杜仲因其丰富的成分，具有降血压、降血脂、降血糖、预防骨质疏松、抗肿瘤、抗菌抗病毒、抗炎、抗氧化、肝保护等多种药理作用，因此具有开发多样化药食同源产品的潜力。该文对杜仲不同部位的化学成分、药理作用及代表性的药食同源产品进行了系统整理，旨在为杜仲及其活性成分的临床应用及药食同源产品的开发利用提供理论参考。这将有助于深入了解杜仲的药用特性，并为进一步探索其在健康领域的应用提供指导。作为一种传统药食同源植物，杜仲将在未来的研究中引起更多关注，并有望为人们的健康作出更多贡献。     

光诱导对发芽大豆中半乳糖酸内酯脱氢酶活性和维生素C合成的影响

维生素 C( VC)在体内具有多种生物活性[1] ,是人体必需的营养素之一 [2 ] 。植物性食物是人体所需VC的主要来源[3 ] 。大豆种子中 VC含量很低 ,但在发芽过程中 VC出现明显增加 [4]。说明大豆的发芽过程中启动了 VC的生物合成途径。但目前对大豆发芽过程中 VC的合成积累机制尚不清楚。最近Wheeler等[5] 提出植物体内由 D-葡萄糖合成 VC(抗坏血酸 )的代谢途径 ,这一合成途径已经在马铃薯、向日葵等植物中得到证实[6,7] 。研究表明 ,半乳糖酸内酯脱氢酶 ( GLDH,EC1 .3.2 .3)是这一合成途径的关键酶 [8]。大豆发芽制品是我国的一种传…     

Vascular Canals in Permanent Hyaline Cartilage: Development,Corrosion of Nonmineralized Cartilage Matrix,and Removal of Matrix Degradation Products

Core areas in voluminous pieces of permanent cartilage are metabolically supplied via vascular canals (VCs). We studied cartilage corrosion and removal of matrix degradation products during the development of VCs in nose and rib cartilage of piglets. Conventional staining methods were used for glycosaminoglycans, immunohistochemistry was performed to demonstrate collagens types I and II, laminin, Ki‐67, von Willebrand factor, VEGF, macrophage marker MAC387, S‐100 protein, MMPs ‐2,‐9,‐13,‐14, and their inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2. VCs derived from connective tissue buds that bulged into cartilage matrix (“perichondrial papillae”, PPs). Matrix was corroded at the tips of PPs or resulting VCs. Connective tissue stromata in PPs and VCs comprised an axial afferent blood vessel, peripherally located wide capillaries, fibroblasts, newly synthesized matrix, and residues of corroded cartilage matrix (collagen type II, acidic proteoglycans). Multinucleated chondroclasts were absent, and monocytes/macrophages were not seen outside the blood vessels. Vanishing acidity characterized areas of extracellular matrix degradation (“preresorptive layers”), from where the dismantled matrix components diffused out. Leached‐out material stained in an identical manner to intact cartilage matrix. It was detected in the stroma and inside capillaries and associated downstream veins. We conclude that the delicate VCs are excavated by endothelial sprouts and fibroblasts, whilst chondroclasts are specialized to remove high volumes of mineralized cartilage. VCs leading into permanent cartilage can be formed by corrosion or inclusion, but most VCs comprise segments that have developed in either of these ways. Anat Rec, 300:1067–1082, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Risk of Poisoning from Garden Plants: Misidentification between Laurel and Cherry Laurel

The misidentification between edible and poisonous plants is an increasing problem because of the new trend to collect wild plants, especially by amateur collectors who do not have the botanical skills to distinguish between edible and toxic species. Moreover, morphologically similar species are sometimes responsible for accidental contamination or used in the intentional adulteration of products for human and animal consumption. Laurus nobilis L. (laurel) and Prunus laurocerasus L. (cherry laurel) are typical ornamental shrubs of the Mediterranean region. Laurel is considered a non-toxic plant, widely used as flavorings. Conversely, cherry laurel leaves, morphologically similar to those of laurel, contain toxic cyanogenic glycosides. Considering this, the aim of this study was to carry out an in-depth evaluation of laurel and cherry laurel leaves by using light and scanning electron microscopy coupled with three step phytochemical analyses (qualitative and quantitative colorimetric assays and liquid chromatography). This allowed to highlight the distinguishing features of plant species investigated features such as the venation pattern, presence/absence of nectaries, calcium oxalate crystals, secretory idioblasts, and cyanogenic glycosides. Concluding, this multidisciplinary approach can be useful for the identification of plants but also fragments or pruning residues containing cyanogenic glycosides, in quality control tests, intoxications, and criminal cases.     

Invasion of lumbosacral ventral roots and spinal pia mater by substance P-immunoreactive axons after sciatic nerve lesion in kittens

An indirect immunohistochemical technique was used to identify substance P immunoreactive nerve fibers in the ventral roots and spinal pia mater in kittens previously subjected to sciatic nerve lesion. It was shown that the ipsilateral L7 ventral root and spinal pia mater was invaded by substance P immunoreactive nerve fibers after the nerve lesion.     

Structure characterization and immunocompetence of a glucan from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius

A protein-bound polysaccharide fraction (JBP-1) was obtained from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius. Its chemical composition was studied by the cooperative usage of multiple chemical and spectral methods and characterized to be a fraction with a molecular weight of 4.8 × 10⁵ Da and only composed of glucose. Methylation analysis revealed that the sugar residues in JBP-1 are existing as t-, 1,6-, and 1,3,6-linked Glcp sugar residues. The immunocompetence of the fraction was evaluated with the proliferation assay of mouse splenocytes, and the result revealed that JBP-1 could significantly stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner, with p < 0.001 at the concentration of 100 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml, p < 0.05 at 10 μg/ml. These results give us a primary scientific evidence to further explore the pharmaceutical function of this mushroom.     

茶饮的内涵及现实意义

除山茶科植物来源的传统茶叶外,市场上还广泛流通着许多口感不错的药食同源的别样茶。传统茶和别样茶统称为茶饮。梳理了茶饮的发展历程,丰富其内涵及多样性,突出其"治未病"和慢病防治的功效,探明部分功能分子基础,明确其临床应用价值,展望其未来发展方向。茶饮作为"健康中国"的重要载体,具有大规模市场开发的广阔前景,可以更好地为人民群众健康服务,同时亟须提供更精准的科学依据。