痛风药食两用2号方对痛风性关节炎寒证大鼠血清药效学影响的研究

目的:研究痛风药食两用2号方对痛风性关节炎(Gouty arthritis,GA)寒证大鼠血清中αN已酰氨基葡糖苷酶(αNacetylglucosaminidase,αNAG)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactosidase,β-gal)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、尿酸(Uric acid,UA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的影响。方法:将32只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性药组及寒证组,每组8只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠在第7天于右足踝关节内注射尿酸钠溶液造模。寒证组大鼠每天置于低温环境(0±2)℃1 h,持续半个月,制造寒证证候模型。造模后阳性药组按1.5 mg/(kg·d)的剂量灌胃秋水仙碱;正常组和模型组灌胃等体积生理盐水,寒证组按22 g/kg的剂量灌胃痛风药食两用2号方,每天2次,连续给药7天。不同时间测量各组大鼠右后足踝关节的周长值,第15天用酶联免疫法测定血清中αNAG、β-gal、SOD、UA和TNF-α含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠关节明显肿胀,血清中αNAG、β-gal、UA、TNF-α含量升高(P <0.01),提示造模成功。与模型组比较,寒证组大鼠关节肿胀程度显著改善(P <0.01);血清中αNAG、β-gal、UA、TNF-α含量显著降低(P <0.01)。结论:痛风药食两用2号方对GA寒证大鼠有治疗作用,其机制可能与抑制αNAG、β-gal、UA、TNF-α水平有关。     

药食同源药材中重金属铬的污染状况评价

目的:评价药食同源药材中重金属铬的污染状况。方法:采用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定102个药食同源药材中铬的含量,计算药材中铬的每日摄入量与世界公认准则或标准规定的限量的比值。结果:药材中铬的每日摄取量分别是美国和加拿大标准、美国EPA标准和WHO准则规定的耐受摄入量的975.0%、108.3%和78.0%。结论:102个药食药材中铬污染严重,可能会带来潜在健康风险。     

“药食同源”药材及其有效成分对阿尔茨海默病的作用及机制的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种老年时期比较常见的中枢神经系统退行性病变,以记忆障碍和行为改变等为主要的临床表现。现代研究发现,很多“药食同源”药材具有抗氧化、抗衰老等作用。另外,“药食同源”药材具有天然的安全性,在预防保健方面有显著的作用。以2021年中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会公布的110种“药食同源”药材为研究对象。通过中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed等数据库检索分析近5年的国内外文献,对目前“药食同源”药材及其有效成分对阿尔茨海默病的作用及机制进行归纳总结,结果发现有人参、姜黄、黄芪、山茱萸、天麻、当归、肉苁蓉、西红花、甘草、灵芝等共30多味中药材及其有效成分对预防和治疗阿尔茨海默病有作用,从中筛选出符合条件的10味进行总结归纳。对阿尔茨海默病有效果的“药食同源”药材及其有效成分可以通过核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、丝裂原激活蛋白激酶5(MEK5)/细胞外信号调节激酶5(ERK5)、细胞色素C(CytC)及胱天蛋白酶（Caspase）-3/（Caspase）-9、Wnt/β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）/酪氨酸激酶受体B(TrkB)/磷脂酰肌...     

黄精的本草考证及民族用法

黄精最早载于《名医别录》,作为药食两用中药材出现,具有较高的食用和药用价值,但尚未见对其药食同源内容进行系统考证。黄精与玉竹形态相似,常被混淆使用,且“女萎”与“葳蕤”常被认为基原同为玉竹。通过整理历代本草古籍,以明晰“黄精”“女萎”和“葳蕤”三者关系;从品名、采收加工、性味归经、功效主治、食药记载和使用禁忌来追溯黄精药食同源的历史沿革;并梳理黄精在少数民族医药中的应用,以期传承和发展民族医药。结果表明,古时“黄精”及其异名源于象形、功能、产地等,名称蕴含丰富的神话色彩和道家思想;“黄精”“女萎”和“葳蕤”为3个物种,与前人考证不同;黄精幼苗、花、实及根茎均可食用或入药,其食用记载多于药用记载;《云南民族药志》《中国民族药志要》和《中国民族药辞典》等22本少数民族医药著作记载了26个民族对12种黄精的认识和应用;各民族因生存环境、生活方式、人文习俗等差异,形成了极具特色的医药文化。     

以中医药思维理解“食用槟榔”与“药用槟榔”

槟榔Areca catechu L.在中国已有1800多年的药用历史,是传统中药材之一,具有杀虫消积、行气利水、截疟的功效,为\"四大南药\"之首。但是食用槟榔对人体又具有一定的不良反应,故槟榔及其制剂的安全性目前备受争议,综述了食用槟榔和药用槟榔在加工、使用方法及毒性程度等方面的差异,以期在中医药思维下厘清辨明,为公众合理应用槟榔类产品提供参考,消除药用槟榔在中医药理论指导下合理使用的安全性质疑。     

药食用多孔菌活性多糖研究进展

药食兼用多孔菌（EMP）在亚洲和欧洲一直作为传统和民间医药被广泛应用于治疗各种疾病。多糖是其中重要的生物活性组分。过去十多年的大量研究已证明了多孔菌多糖（PPs）的多种生物活性和在医疗保健的巨大潜力。本文重点描述近5年对PPs生物活性、分离纯化、结构特征和构效关系研究,并指出今后研究方向。     

Energy Supplied by Edible Insects from Mexico and their Nutritional and Ecological Importance

Fats provide the majority of the energy necessary for sustaining life. Immature stages of holometabolous insects have high quantities of polyunsaturated fat. The energy contents of edible insects varies according to the species and region found. Coleopteran and Lepidopteran species provide more energy. Energetic values for livestock are 165–705 kcal/100g, and vegetables 308–352 kcal/100g, while edible insects provide 217–777 kcal/100g, and insects raised on organic wastes provide 288–575 kcal/100g. Furthermore, early stages of poultry, fish, ostrich, and pig, raised on insects, had conversion efficiency values of 1.24:1 – 2.83:1. The energetic cost of collecting edible insects is lower than that for vertebrates. Hence, insects may efficiently provide the necessary energy for the vital functions of our organism.     

Efficacy of Edible Bird’s Nest on Cognitive Functions in Experimental Animal Models: A Systematic Review

Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is constructed from saliva of swiftlets birds and consumed largely by Southeast and East Asians for its nutritional value and anti-aging properties. Although the neuroprotection of EBN in animals has been reported, there has not been yet systemically summarized. Thus, this review systemically outlined the evidence of the neuroprotective activity of EBN in modulating the cognitive functions of either healthy or with induced-cognitive dysfunction animals as compared to placebos. The related records from 2010 to 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect using pre-specified keywords. The relevant records to the effect of EBN on cognition were selected according to the eligibility criteria and these studies underwent appraisal for the risk of bias. EBN improved the cognitive functions of induced-cognitive dysfunction and enhanced the cognitive performance of healthy animals as well as attenuated the neuroinflammations and neuro-oxidative stress in the hippocampus of these animals. Malaysian EBN could improve the cognitive functions of experimental animals as a treatment in induced cognitive dysfunction, a nutritional cognitive-enhancing agent in offspring and a prophylactic conservative effect on cognition against exposure to subsequent noxious cerebral accidents in a dose-depended manner through attenuating neuroinflammation and neuro-oxidative stress. This systemic review did not proceed meta-analysis.