茶饮的内涵及现实意义

除山茶科植物来源的传统茶叶外,市场上还广泛流通着许多口感不错的药食同源的别样茶。传统茶和别样茶统称为茶饮。梳理了茶饮的发展历程,丰富其内涵及多样性,突出其"治未病"和慢病防治的功效,探明部分功能分子基础,明确其临床应用价值,展望其未来发展方向。茶饮作为"健康中国"的重要载体,具有大规模市场开发的广阔前景,可以更好地为人民群众健康服务,同时亟须提供更精准的科学依据。     

基于高通量测序技术研究药食两用薏苡仁中污染真菌多样性

目的:调查药食两用薏苡仁中污染真菌多样性,为其安全使用提供参考依据。方法:收集薏苡仁样品18批,提取真菌DNA并扩增ITS2序列,基于Illumina MiSeq PE250平台进行高通量测序。结果:共检测到4门18纲44目99科149属的真菌,子囊菌门Ascomycota是最优势菌门,镰刀菌属Fusarium(3.05%~60.32%)是属水平最优势属,其次是曲霉属Aspergillus(2.20%~45.44%)、白僵菌属Beauveria(0.07%~63.21%)、链格孢属Alternaria(0.80%~11.92%)、Arachnomyces(0.03%~39.36%)和青霉属Penicillium(0.24%~8.03%)。此外,共检测到5种潜在产毒真菌,分别是烟曲霉A.fumigatus、土曲霉A.terreus、梨孢镰刀菌F.poae、囊状青霉P.capsulatum和展青霉P.paxilli。结论:高通量测序技术可以快速有效地检测薏苡仁中污染真菌种类,为薏苡仁污染真菌毒素提供风险预警。     

药食心葆汤对心血瘀阻证冠心病患者血清同型半胱氨酸及凝血功能的影响

目的:观察药食心葆汤联合西药治疗冠心病的临床疗效及其对血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,HCY)水平凝血功能的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年1月于郑州市中医院心内科入院治疗并确诊为心血瘀阻证的冠心病患者200例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,对照组102例,观察组98例,对照组患者采用常规西药治疗,观察组在此基础上联合药食心葆汤治疗,药物干预治疗8周,比较两组患者血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY),凝血功能[凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT),部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT),纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)]等指标。结果:治疗后观察组患者凝血功能、血清HCY水平改善程度优于对照组(P0.05);观察组可明显降低CHD患者血清HCY水平(P0.05),调节患者的凝血功能(P0.05),组间比较显示两组有明显差别,特别是在改善凝血功能方面,观察组明显优于对照组(P0.05),对照组治疗前后各项指标没有统计学差异。结论:药食心葆汤联合西药治疗冠心病的临床疗效确切,能有效降低CHD患者HCY水平、调节凝血功能,值得临床推广使用。     

稻米类中药的应用

从“神农氏出,尝草别谷”发现稻米中药,到“轩辕氏出,制为方剂”,及后人发掘稻米药用发展至今,稻米类中药因其味甘、性平、无毒成为日常食用健胃和脾之佳品,这是中药药用平民化、普及化的结果,也是传统中药惠及百姓的表现,然其药用本源被大家所遗忘.通过梳理历代经典本草著作,追根溯源,证明稻米是一味经典中药,从古至今在中医药防病治病中得到广泛应用,以探求稻米类中药的应用和药用价值,药食同源,返朴归真.     

Risk of Poisoning from Garden Plants: Misidentification between Laurel and Cherry Laurel

The misidentification between edible and poisonous plants is an increasing problem because of the new trend to collect wild plants, especially by amateur collectors who do not have the botanical skills to distinguish between edible and toxic species. Moreover, morphologically similar species are sometimes responsible for accidental contamination or used in the intentional adulteration of products for human and animal consumption. Laurus nobilis L. (laurel) and Prunus laurocerasus L. (cherry laurel) are typical ornamental shrubs of the Mediterranean region. Laurel is considered a non-toxic plant, widely used as flavorings. Conversely, cherry laurel leaves, morphologically similar to those of laurel, contain toxic cyanogenic glycosides. Considering this, the aim of this study was to carry out an in-depth evaluation of laurel and cherry laurel leaves by using light and scanning electron microscopy coupled with three step phytochemical analyses (qualitative and quantitative colorimetric assays and liquid chromatography). This allowed to highlight the distinguishing features of plant species investigated features such as the venation pattern, presence/absence of nectaries, calcium oxalate crystals, secretory idioblasts, and cyanogenic glycosides. Concluding, this multidisciplinary approach can be useful for the identification of plants but also fragments or pruning residues containing cyanogenic glycosides, in quality control tests, intoxications, and criminal cases.     

地沟油拉曼光谱特征形态

目的 寻找鉴别地沟油与食用植物油的拉曼光谱特征谱带.方法 比较和分析地沟油与食用植物油拉曼光谱的形态及差异.结果 在532 nm光源普通及扩展光谱中,精炼地沟油呈现平滑包状拉曼谱带,各种类型及来源不同的地沟油普遍具有与之形态相似的拉曼谱带,而各种食用植物油无一具有这一形态的拉曼谱带.通过导数扩展光谱可以有效分离精炼地沟油与食用植物油之间原本严重重叠的谱峰,而通过导数普通光谱可以测量和描述掺杂植物油中地沟油的掺入量.结论 平滑包状拉曼谱带是普遍见于地沟油的指纹图谱.该指纹图谱可为鉴别地沟油与植物油,以及检测油脂样品中地沟油的掺入量提供丰富的信息及适用的标志.     

湖南地区5种常见食用菌的氨基酸组成及营养评价

目的 对湖南地区5种常见食用菌的氨基酸组成及含量进行分析评价,为食用菌合理利用提供依据。 方法 采用Kjeltee 2300自动凯氏定氮仪对湖南地区5种常见食用菌的蛋白质进行测定,采用曼默博尔A300全自动氨基酸分析仪进行氨基酸成分分析;采用氨基酸评分法对食用菌营养价值进行了评价。结果 食用菌除了杏鲍菇和茶树菇不含蛋氨酸以及香菇不含蛋氨酸和酪氨酸外,其余均含16种氨基酸;香菇中的蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量以及必需氨基酸含量均最高,分别为3 807、2 279、665 mg/100 g;5种食用菌的必需氨基酸中以苏氨酸和亮氨酸含量较高;5种食用菌口感好,但杏鲍菇口感不如另外4种食用菌;香菇中苏氨酸含量(38.16 mg/g蛋白)略低于WHO/FAO模式(40 mg/g蛋白),其余4种食用菌的苏氨酸含量均高于WHO/FAO模式,分别为双孢菇(43.33 mg/g蛋白)、金针菇(43.48 mg/g蛋白)、杏鲍菇(41.60 mg/g蛋白)、茶树菇(56.52 mg/g蛋白);茶树菇中苏氨酸含量(56.52 mg/g蛋白)高于卵清蛋白模式(51 mg/g蛋白);苏氨酸的氨基酸评分最高,为141.30,因此氨基酸模式为最优;5种食用菌的限制氨基酸均为苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸或异亮氨酸。结论 食用菌中苏氨酸含量优异,具有较高的营养价值;可以通过与富含苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸或异亮氨酸的食物等进行结合食用,构建合理膳食,提高食用价值。     

食用糖与氯霉素治疗褥疮的临床观察

目的　探讨多处大面积严重褥疮的食用糖与氯霉素疗法的优点; 方法　清洗褥疮创面,然后将食用糖和氯霉素撒在创面上,用胶布整块地封闭创面,５ ～７ 天更换一次; 结果　食用糖加氯霉素治疗褥疮明显缩短治愈时间。结论　食用糖加氯霉素疗法比传统疗法更有效,缩短治愈时间,有利于主要疾病的恢复。     

Effects of Sialic Acid from Edible Bird Nest on Cell Viability Associated with Brain Cognitive Performance in Mice

Background: Edible bird nest(EBN) is a natural food product rich in glycoprotein such as sialic acid, which has been reported to improve brain functions. The EBN is widely consumed due to its higher nutritional contents and antioxidant status; however, an interaction of EBN on brain cell metabolic activity and viability are still unclear. Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify the effect of sialic acid from EBN on the cell viability and to determine the appropriate concentration of sialic acid on cognitive performance in mice. Materials and Methods: The viability of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines were tested using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. For in vivo study, 7-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into four treatment groups and were treated with sialic acid for 21 days. At day 22, all mice were tested on cognitive performance by Y-maze test. Results: Treatment concentration of sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard at 60 μg/mL(0.6 ppm) increased cell viability and showed no cytotoxicity effects in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. In addition, an administration of higher dose of sialic acid at 0.6 ppm in animals improved Y-maze test performance, which they showed significantly higher number of entries and time spent in the novel arm. Conclusion: Thus, the current study shows that the sialic acid extract at 0.6 ppm improved brain cognitive performance in mice associated with an increased viability of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines.     

蚌埠市食用盐降碘前后儿童与孕妇碘营养状况调查

目的:调查居民食用盐降碘前后,蚌埠市儿童、孕妇的碘营养状况,为科学补碘、防治碘缺乏病提供依据.方法:选择食用盐降碘前后蚌埠市8~10岁学龄儿童及孕妇为研究对象,采集晨尿,采用WS/T107-2006尿中碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定法进行尿碘水平测定.并采用GB/T 13025.7中直接滴定法,对采集的居民食用盐进行碘含量分析.结果:2012年、2014年蚌埠市居民食用盐碘合格率分别为95.84%、98.43%,合格碘盐食用率分别为95.51%、98.38%.降碘前后,蚌埠市8~10岁儿童尿碘中位数分别为307.6 μg/L、264.5 μg/L,孕妇为219.6 μg/L、182.9 μg/L,食用盐降碘后蚌埠市儿童和孕妇尿碘水平均较降碘前明显降低(P<0.01).结论:食用盐降碘后蚌埠市儿童尿碘水平虽有所降低,但尿碘中位数仍处于碘摄入超适宜范围,部分儿童存在碘摄入过量问题;降碘前后孕妇尿碘中位数则均处于碘适宜范围,部分孕妇存在碘摄入不足.