四种食用真菌提取物预防小鼠酒精性氧化损伤的研究

[目的 ]评价灵芝、云芝、灰树花、姬松茸 4种食用真菌提取物预防小鼠酒精性氧化损伤的作用。 [方法 ]每日灌服 4种食用真菌提取物 ,每鼠各 1 5g/kgbw ,共 3 0d ,结束时阳性对照组及各受试物组一次灌胃 5 0 %乙醇 12ml/kg ,阴性对照组给予 70 %葡萄糖溶液 ,禁食 12h后处死。检测血清谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、谷草转氨酶 (AST)和谷胱甘肽s 转移酶 (GST)、肝匀浆丙二醛 (MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和甘油三酯 (TG)。同时计算肝体比。 [结果 ]灵芝提取物组GSH、GSH Px显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,MDA、TG含量明显下降 (P <0 0 5 )。[结论 ]给予小鼠相同剂量的 4种真菌提取物 ,其中灵芝提取物有较好的预防酒精性氧化损伤作用     

砷污染区植物种植的筛选研究

目的探讨砷污染区植物种植的筛选.方法于1996-1997年,采集某砷污染区土壤及其种植的玉米、水稻、花生等22种可食植物的新鲜样品测定总砷以及As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、甲基胂酸(MMA)、二甲基胂酸(DMA)的含量.结果按测定的土壤的总砷含量排序,由高至低分成A、B、C、D 4个含量范围区,A区为1 301～1 077μg/g,B区为727～504μg/g,C区为127～94μg/g,D区64～28μg/g.同种植物所在的土壤砷含量越高,植物含砷量也越高.同一砷含量区,不同植物品种对砷的富集程度差异很大.植物的不同部位含砷量差异很大,其砷分布一般是根＞叶＞茎＞果.果实的砷含量未超过GB4810-1994<食品中砷限量卫生标准>(0.5μg/g).不同作物中As(Ⅲ)所占4种砷的主要化学形态的构成比顺位是,A区:黄豆＞玉米＞红薯,B区:大米＞玉米＞红薯＞花生.结论在该砷污染区种植果树类植物是相对较安全的,在种植品种选择上除考虑物种对总砷的富集外,还应考虑可食部分As(Ⅲ)的含量构成比.     

Preparation Techniques and Nutritive Value of Fermented Foods From the Khasi Tribes of Meghalaya

Fermented products form an intrinsic part of the diet of the tribal peoples in northeastern India. This study describes the preparation methods and the nutritive value of fermented soybean (tungrymbai), bamboo (lungsiej), and fish (tungtap) consumed by the Khasi tribes from Meghalaya in northeastern India. Results of the analysis are reported on a dry matter basis. Analysis showed that tungtap was a good source of protein (40.6 g/100g), calcium (5040 mg/100g), phosphorus (1930 mg/100 g), sodium (6.26 mg/100g), and potassium (53.18 mg/100g). Tungrymbai contained high amounts of protein (45.9 g/100g), fat (30.2 g/100g), fiber (12.8 g/100g), carotene (212.7 μg/100g), and folic acid (200 μg/100g). Lungsiej was found to be of better nutritive value than its unfermented counterpart in terms of protein (8.5 g/100g) and iron (1 mg/100g on a fresh weight basis). Fermented foods are typical of the region and exhibit unique flavors and textures that may not be palatable to everyone. It is well established that the process of fermentation enhances the nutritional quality of any product by increasing amounts of vitamins and protein solubility, and by improving amino acid patterns and the same is true with these products studied.     

Nutritional composition of Plantago species (P. Major L., P. Lanceolata L., and P. Media L.)

Analyses of the nutrients are given for the leaves of wild Plantago major L., P. lanceolata L. and P. media L., from different locations of the southeast of Spain. The proximate composition, mineral elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and P), fatty acids, vitamins (vitamin C and carotenes), nitrate and oxalic acid were determined. The results show the low proportion of available carbohydrates, ranging from 1.99 g (P. major) to 2.81 g (P. lanceolata) (per 100 g fresh weight). Oxalic acid was found in low amounts, between 33.5 mg (P. media) and 88.2 mg (P. lanceolata) (100 g f wt). P. major had the highest amounts of vitamin C (45.1 mg/100g f. wt.) and calcium (108mg/100g f. wt.). Polyunsaturated fatty acids were high in all species, ranging from 38.97% (P. media) to 46.07% (P. lanceolata). Nutrient ratios (K/Na; Ca/P and oxalic acid/Ca) were found to be favourable in most cases.     

稻米类中药的应用

从“神农氏出,尝草别谷”发现稻米中药,到“轩辕氏出,制为方剂”,及后人发掘稻米药用发展至今,稻米类中药因其味甘、性平、无毒成为日常食用健胃和脾之佳品,这是中药药用平民化、普及化的结果,也是传统中药惠及百姓的表现,然其药用本源被大家所遗忘.通过梳理历代经典本草著作,追根溯源,证明稻米是一味经典中药,从古至今在中医药防病治病中得到广泛应用,以探求稻米类中药的应用和药用价值,药食同源,返朴归真.     

仙人掌清除·OH自由基及对DNA损伤的保护作用

目的研究野生仙人掌和食用仙人掌水提物清除·OH自由基及对DNA损伤的保护作用。方法采用现代生物化学发光技术,在CuSO4-Phen-Vc-H2O2-DNA化学发光体系中测定野生仙人掌和食用仙人掌清除·OH自由基及对DNA损伤的保护作用。采用紫外分光光度计测定野生仙人掌和食用仙人掌水提物中核酸和蛋白质的OD值。结果野生仙人掌能明显清除·OH自由基,抑制DNA的氧化损伤,对DNA氧化损伤的保护作用与其浓度之间存在正比性量效关系。食用仙人掌核酸和蛋白质的OD值为野生仙人掌的2.73倍和2.58倍,但不显示清除·OH自由基作用。结论野生仙人掌对·OH自由基引起的DNA损伤有明显的保护作用。食用仙人掌有较高的营养价值,但无抗DNA氧化损伤的作用。     

Structure characterization and immunocompetence of a glucan from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius

A protein-bound polysaccharide fraction (JBP-1) was obtained from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius. Its chemical composition was studied by the cooperative usage of multiple chemical and spectral methods and characterized to be a fraction with a molecular weight of 4.8 × 10⁵ Da and only composed of glucose. Methylation analysis revealed that the sugar residues in JBP-1 are existing as t-, 1,6-, and 1,3,6-linked Glcp sugar residues. The immunocompetence of the fraction was evaluated with the proliferation assay of mouse splenocytes, and the result revealed that JBP-1 could significantly stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner, with p < 0.001 at the concentration of 100 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml, p < 0.05 at 10 μg/ml. These results give us a primary scientific evidence to further explore the pharmaceutical function of this mushroom.     

大米蛋白的可食用膜

研究了大米蛋白可食用膜的工艺条件，并测定了膜的抗拉强度、延伸率和透水率．实验表明，大米蛋白的质量浓度为5g／dL，甘油的添加量为3g／dL，谷氨酰胺转胺酶的添加量为质量浓度0．2g／dL，反应时间为90min，膜液在80℃处理40min后能得到性能比较好的膜。     

Loquat leaf extract and alginate based green composite edible coating for preserving the postharvest quality of Nanfeng tangerines

The present study was designed to investigate the preventive effect of loquat leaf (LL) based green extract combined with alginate-based composite against fungal infection in Nanfeng tangerine fruit. The sensory quality, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of postharvest citrus were estimated after the treatment. Results showed that LL extract's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) to Penicillium digitatum were 0.625 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy showed that LL extract could break, bend, and inhibit the average expected growth of P. digitatum hyphae. Concurrently, a composite coating of LL extract effectively reduces postharvest decay rate and weight loss, postpones fruit respiration, and delays the nutrient degradation of Nanfeng tangerines during cold storage. Also, a significant delay in MDA accumulation and an improved antioxidant defense system are shown by higher non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, phenols, and flavonoids) and higher ROS-scavenging enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX) were recorded. The green composite treatment could effectively delay the senescence and prolong the storage time of citrus. These results suggested that the green composite coating containing plant extract had great potential for citrus preservation.     

Social Dynamics of the Value of Wild Edible Leaves (Imifino) in a South African Rural Area

The contribution of wild edible leaves to the livelihoods of rural poor is widely acknowledged. Yet the notion of value of these natural resources is poorly understood. Using a case from Mkambati area, South Africa, this article suggests that in order to better understand resource value, both realized (in terms of material benefits and contributions to livelihoods) and notional (in terms of appreciation of resources and their potential uses), a broader livelihood context, which encompasses understanding of social and ecological dynamics, is crucial. Two axes of social difference, gender and wealth, emerged as playing a key role in determining value, through mediating, firstly, access to and control over ecological zones where these plants grow; and secondly use and labor required for collection. The article concludes that in order to enhance the contribution of wild edible leaves to poverty alleviation, policies should recognize the fact that resource value is primarily socially constructed.