实现医院X光片共享信息系统的安全策略

随着医院信息化建设的深入发展,为保证医院数据的连续性、完整性和准确性,信息系统需要24h不间断运行。因此,如何保证信息系统正常运行及信息安全,就成为一个重要问题,涉及到网络、环境、人等各方面因素。     

Reconceptualizing the Domain and Boundaries of Family Life Education

Many scholars have defined family life education (FLE), and some have differentiated it from other family‐related fields. For example, Doherty (1995) provided a definition of the boundaries between FLE and family therapy; however, we believe those criteria can be improved. We explore the professions of family life education, family therapy, and family case management using the questions why, what, when, for whom, and how? After examining these questions for each role, we introduce the domains of family practice to differentiate among them. The approach defines FLE and encourages appropriate collaboration among the fields. Suggestions are made for using this model for career exploration, reviewing job requirements to assess role consistency and clarity, and for determining the need for and appropriateness of referral and collaboration.     

Review article: Emergency department assessment and management of stab wounds to the neck

A stab wound to neck is an infrequent but highly important presentation to the ED in Australasia. Injuries to the two large neurovascular bundles that are vital to life might occur with associated injuries to midline aerodigestive structures. A literature review was undertaken to discuss the assessment and management of this injury in the emergency medicine setting.     

The evidence base for the evaluation and management of dizziness

Objectives  Dizziness presentations pose many clinical challenges. The objective of this study is to broadly summarize the evidence base that supports clinical decisions in dizziness presentations.
Methods  MEDLINE (1966 to September 2007), Web of Science and The Cochrane Library were searched for articles with clinical relevance on topics concerning dizziness. Additional sources were also searched for clinical practice guidelines. The following information was abstracted from each article: year of publication, journal type, type of article and the topics of the article.
Results  Of nearly 3000 articles identified, 1244 articles met the inclusion criteria. The most common article type was a case report or case series, followed by expert opinion or review articles, studies of medical tests and clinical trials. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews were found on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Meniere's disease, but only a few other topics. No clinical practice guidelines were found that focus specifically on dizziness.
Conclusions  The evidence base for the evaluation and management of dizziness seems to be weak. Future work to establish or summarize evidence in clinically meaningful ways could contribute to efforts to optimize patient care and health care utilization for one of the most common presenting symptoms.     

麻醉恢复室规范化护理管理模式的探讨

目的 保障麻醉恢复期患者的安全,减少并发症的发生,便于连台手术的衔接.方法 某院2002年建立了拥有6张监护床位的麻醉恢复室,参照美国麻醉恢复室的先进护理管理模式,同时结合该院恢复室的运作特点,自行制定了一套规范化的管理模式;加强对护理人员基础理论和专业技能知识培训和考核;要求熟练掌握麻醉恢复期的各种急救技术及监护仪器设备的操作使用;充分合理利用麻醉复苏护士的人力资源;配备完善的监护设备及急救物品.结果 2002年5月-2008年5月,通过对24 408例患者麻醉恢复期的监护,及时发现和处理麻醉后并发症,除102例因病情需要转ICU继续监测治疗外,其余患者平稳度过麻醉恢复期,苏醒后转回原病房.结论 麻醉恢复事的设立,减少了患者在手术室的逗留时间,加快了外科手术的进度,提高了手术室的利用率和工作效率.其科学化、程序化、规范化的管理模式,能有效保障麻醉恢复期患者的安全.     

Conscientious objection to termination of pregnancy: the competing rights of patients and nurses

Aims  To highlight the potential difficulties in the management of staff with a conscientious objection to abortion, in light of expanding role of nurses.
Background  Recent years have seen changes in the provision of abortion services. Medical procedures are now gaining popularity and some areas are seeing the integration of outpatient clinics into ward settings. This may involve nurses being required to provide care to women undergoing termination of pregnancy, which may not have previously been within their remit. This has implications for staff with a conscientious objection.
Methods  A review of the academic literature.
Results  The advent of medical abortion has led to changes in the way in which abortion services are provided which in turn has re-ignited the debate of the competing rights of nurses with a conscientious objection and those of the patient accessing abortion services.
Conclusions  This extended role of nurses creates challenges for staff working in clinical areas offering termination of pregnancy and these are further compounded when staff have expressed a conscientious objection to abortion.
Implications for Nursing Management  Managers face new challenges in achieving the fine balance between the rights of staff with a conscientious objection to abortion and women accessing abortion services.     

Guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2008

This is the Executive Summary of updated guidelines developed by the Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand for the management of hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. They address a number of challenging areas including the definition of severe hypertension, the use of automated blood pressure monitors, the definition of non-proteinuric pre-eclampsia and measuring proteinuria. Controversial management issues are addressed such as the treatment of severe hypertension and other significant manifestations of pre-eclampsia, the role of expectant management in pre-eclampsia remote from term, thromboprophylaxis, appropriate fluid therapy, the role of prophylactic magnesium sulfate and anaesthetic issues for women with pre-eclampsia. The guidelines stress the need for experienced team management for women with pre-eclampsia and mandatory hospital protocols for treatment of hypertension and eclampsia. New areas addressed in the guidelines include recommended protocols for maternal and fetal investigation of women with hypertension, preconception management for women at risk of pre-eclampsia, auditing outcomes in women with hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and long-term screening for women with previous pre-eclampsia.     

A randomized trial of a primary care-based disease management program to improve cardiovascular risk factors and glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with diabetes

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of a pharmacist-led, primary care-based, disease management program to improve cardiovascular risk factors and glycated hemoglobin (A(1C)) levels in vulnerable patients with poorly controlled diabetes. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial of 217 patients with type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control (A(1C) level >or=8.0%) was conducted at an academic general medicine practice from February 2001 to April 2003. Intervention patients received intensive management from clinical pharmacists, as well as from a diabetes care coordinator who provided diabetes education, applied algorithms for managing glucose control and decreasing cardiovascular risk factors, and addressed barriers to care. Control patients received a one-time management session from a pharmacist followed by usual care from their primary care provider. Outcomes were recorded at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Primary outcomes included blood pressure, A(1C) level, cholesterol level, and aspirin use. Secondary outcomes included diabetes knowledge, satisfaction, use of clinical services, and adverse events. RESULTS: For the 194 patients (89%) with 12-month data, the intervention group had significantly greater improvement than did the control group for systolic blood pressure (-9 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -16 to -3 mm Hg) and A(1C) level (-0.8%; 95% CI: -1.7% to 0%). Change in total cholesterol level was not significant. At 12 months, aspirin use was 91% in the intervention group versus 58% among controls (P <0.0001). Intervention patients had greater improvements in diabetes knowledge and satisfaction than did control patients. There were no significant differences in use of clinical services or adverse events. CONCLUSION: Our comprehensive disease management program reduced cardiovascular risk factors and A(1C) levels among vulnerable patients with type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control.