Capillary filling analysis by digital subtraction angiography for vertebro-basilar insufficiency

Abstract

Vertebro-basilar insufficiency (VBI) is a vague clinical entity including several symptoms such as faintnessdizziness, vertigo. Millikan and Siekert reported a ‘syndrome of intermittent insufficiency of basilar arterial system'1. But vascular abnormalities responsible for such symptoms are often hardly diagnosed by conventional angiography, because vertebro-basilar artery systems have many kinds of anomalous congenital origins2. Conventional angiography gives us arterial informations such as stenosis, occlusion and malformationsbut it often fails to reveal capillary perfusions because of its relatively poor density resolution. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is considered to have improved density resolutioni, and it may enable us to detect vascular perfusions more sensitively in the capillary phase. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of the capillary filling analysis in digital subtraction angiography for diagnosis of VBI.     

Association between anatomical variations of the posterior communicating artery and the presence of aneurysms

Objectives: Posterior communicating artery aneurysms (PcoAA) account for 30–35% of intracranial aneurysms. The anatomical factors involved in the formation of PCoAA are poorly known. The study aimed to investigate the anatomical variations in the posterior communicating artery (PcoAs) and the presence of PCoAA.

Methods: All 154 patients hospitalized from January 2008 to December 2013 at the department of neurology of our hospital were included in this study; 76 were confirmed with PCoAA upon cerebral angiography and 78 were confirmed without cranial artery aneurysm (controls). According to the blood supply pattern, variations of the PCoAA were classified as Type P0, P-I, or P-II. The angles of C7 and C6 of the internal carotid artery on each side were analyzed.

Results: Compared with controls, patients with PCoAA had a higher frequency of abnormal posterior communicating artery (Types P-I and P-II) (p < 0.001). The angles of C7 and C6 on the contralateral side in the PCoAA group were significantly greater than on the affected side, and significantly lesser than in controls (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the angle between the culprit artery and the contralateral one.

Discussion: Abnormal PCoAs (Types P-I and P-II) might be more vulnerable to PCoAA development, and Type P-II was the most vulnerable. There was a correlation between the angles of C7 and C6 part of the internal carotid artery and the presence of symptomatic PCoAA, with smaller angles being associated with increased frequency of symptomatic PCoAA.     

三维黑血磁共振成像与DSA在颈动脉狭窄诊断中的对比研究

目的 通过与DSA比较,评价三维黑血磁共振成像(3D-BB-MRI)对颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的临床价值.方法 同时对40例颈动脉狭窄患者行DSA和3D-BB-MRI检查,比较两者在评估颈动脉狭窄程度、病变累及范围、破溃斑块检出的差异.结果 以DSA为金标准,3D-BB MRI判断颈动脉狭窄的Spearman相关系数为0.965,以狭窄率70％为判断点,其灵敏度为93.1％、特异度为100％、准确度为95.6％和阳性预测值为100％.3D-BB-MRI显示溃疡的灵敏度为100％、特异度为93.9％、准确度为95.6％和阳性预测值为85.7％.3D-BB-MRI和DSA的病变累及范围分别为(18.4±8.2) mm和(14.0±6.2)mm,P＜0.05.结论 3D-BB-MRI能较准确地显示颈动脉狭窄程度、溃疡斑块,在显示病变累及范围方面具有优势,可辅助DSA为临床提供可靠、有价值的信息.     

DSA下经皮带膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床价值

目的：探讨数字减影血管造影（DSA）下经皮带膜支架腔内隔绝术（EVGE）治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层（AD）的临床价值。 方法：选取2015年1月至2017年12月在我院行EVGE治疗的Stanford B型AD患者30例,其中15例于DSA下经皮穿刺联合放置血管缝合器行EVGE治疗,为观察组;15例行传统（切开股动脉）行EVGE治疗,为对照组;比较两组的手术成功率、术中出血量、引流时间、住院时间和局部血管并发症发生率;比较两组术后随访3个月的手术部位血管直径、生活质量评分及支架移位情况。 结果：两组的手术成功率差异无统计学意义（93.3% vs. 100.0%,χ²=1.03,P>0.05）,观察组的术中出血量低于对照组[（43.57±14.30）ml vs.（69.82±25.18）ml],差异有统计学意义（t=3.51,P<0.05）。观察组术后引流时间[（2.63±1.07）d vs.（3.87±1.25）d]和住院时间[（5.47±1.85）d vs.（7.65±2.24）d]均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t=2.91、2.90,P均<0.05）。局部血管并发症总发生率低于对照组（6.67% vs. 40.0%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.90,P<0.05）。经过3个月随访,观察组术后生活质量评分高于对照组[（92.54±13.52）vs.（83.25±14.05）],差异有统计学意义（t=1.84,P<0.05）。两组术后血管直径差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。且支架未出现移位情况。 结论：在DSA下进行EVGE带膜支架治疗Stanford B型AD患者,可有效保证患者的成功率和预后,减少术中出血和术后局部血管并发症发生率,并加速术后恢复。     

介入治疗中抗生素的应用进展

随着介入放射学的飞速发展,接受介入治疗的患者数不断增多,介入治疗的应用范围不断扩大。由于无菌术的规范化,穿刺部位感染已很少见。但各种继发感染及移植物感染仍是介入治疗中的常见并发症,常给患者带来严重危害。合理应用抗生素是控制介入相关感染的最重要手段。本文对抗生素在介入治疗中的应用进展进行综述。     

经颅多普勒超声联合颈动脉超声对缺血性脑血管病的诊断价值

目的分析经颅多普勒超声(TCD)联合颈动脉超声对缺血性脑血管病的诊断价值。方法选取缺血性脑血管病患者93例,均行数字减影血管造影(DSA)、TCD及颈动脉超声检查,并以DSA结果为诊断标准,比较TCD和颈动脉超声单用及两者联合的检查结果,分析三者在缺血性脑血管病中的诊断灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果 93例患者颅内外异常血管共763条。单用TCD显示颅内血管异常73例,异常血管294条;单用颈动脉超声显示颅外血管异常64例,异常血管275条;TCD联合颈动脉超声显示颅内外血管异常89例,异常血管569条。TCD联合颈动脉超声在缺血性脑血管病诊断方面的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均高于单用TCD及单用颈动脉超声。结论 TCD联合颈动脉超声可提高缺血性脑血管病诊断的准确性,可作为颅内外血管病变诊断的有效检查手段。     

超选择性肾动脉弹簧圈栓塞治疗经皮肾镜术后出血的临床研究

目的分析超选择性肾动脉弹簧圈栓塞术(SRACE)治疗经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)术后严重出血的时机选择、安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析贵州省人民医院2013年10月至2019年3月38例PCNL后严重出血患者的出血特点、数字减影血管造影(DSA)表现及栓塞后肾功能检测情况。结果38例患者中,7例未观察到确切出血点,31例DSA表现为肾动脉性出血,其中动脉撕裂6例,单纯假性动脉瘤(PA)17例,动静脉瘘(AVF)4例,PA合并AVF 4例。根据肾脏血管解剖位置定位,肾动脉上极支出血4例,中极支出血9例,下极支出血18例。急性出血2例,其中1例经SRACE联合输血等治疗后未能有效控制出血而行患肾切除术,迟发性出血20例,缓慢持续性出血16例。31例患者中30例成功栓塞,成功率为96.8%。SRACE术前与术后的肾小球滤过率(P=0.173)、血清尿素氮(P=0.969)、血清肌酐(P=0.180)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论急性出血应尽快行DSA明确诊断后行栓塞治疗,迟发性及缓慢持续性出血经保守治疗无效,DSA/SRACE可作为首选的检查方法及治疗方法,SRACE是安全有效的治疗方式。     

Dual contrast in computed tomography allows earlier characterization of articular cartilage over single contrast

Cationic computed tomography contrast agents are more sensitive for detecting cartilage degeneration than anionic or non-ionic agents. However, osteoarthritis-related loss of proteoglycans and increase in water content contrarily affect the diffusion of cationic contrast agents, limiting their sensitivity. The quantitative dual-energy computed tomography technique allows the simultaneous determination of the partitions of iodine-based cationic (CA4+) and gadolinium-based non-ionic (gadoteridol) agents in cartilage at diffusion equilibrium. Normalizing the cationic agent partition at diffusion equilibrium with that of the non-ionic agent improves diagnostic sensitivity. We hypothesize that this sensitivity improvement is also prominent during early diffusion time points and that the technique is applicable during contrast agent diffusion. To investigate the validity of this hypothesis, osteochondral plugs (d = 8 mm, N = 33), extracted from human cadaver (n = 4) knee joints, were immersed in a contrast agent bath (a mixture of CA4+ and gadoteridol) and imaged using the technique at multiple time points until diffusion equilibrium. Biomechanical testing and histological analysis were conducted for reference. Quantitative dual-energy computed tomography technique enabled earlier determination of cartilage proteoglycan content over single contrast. The correlation coefficient between human articular cartilage proteoglycan content and CA4+ partition increased with the contrast agent diffusion time. Gadoteridol normalized CA4+ partition correlated significantly (P < .05) with Mankin score at all time points and with proteoglycan content after 4 hours. The technique is applicable during diffusion, and normalization with gadoteridol partition improves the sensitivity of the CA4+ contrast agent.