市场均衡就业区间及其对社会就业的影响

现代市场经济运行中 ,厂商将其供给量调整到合理水平所需的费用可称为微观调节成本。由于存在微观调节成本这种特殊的经济运行费用 ,因而传统分析中宏观层面上市场就业均衡点的两侧便分别存在着“低位临界点”与“高位临界点” ,这两点界定了一个“市场均衡就业区间” ,社会就业一旦进入该区间 ,市场机制便不可能再对其作出调节。市场均衡就业区间的主要特点在于 ,其均衡是就区间外部而言的 ,在区间内部仍可以存在一定程度的就业失衡 ;市场均衡就业区间内部的就业失衡是一种特殊的就业失衡 ,市场机制对之无能为力 ,一般的宏观经济政策亦无法对其发生作用。市场均衡就业区间的存在对社会就业有着多方面的重要影响 ,它使社会就业对供求总量波动的反应呈现出一定“粘性” ;使市场机制对社会就业的调节空间减小 ;使政府调控社会就业的重点二元化 ;使个体经济在缓解就业失衡压力、扩大社会就业方面占有了特殊重要的地位。     

Measurement of self-propulsion distance of wheelchair using cycle computer excluding assistance distance by touch switch: A pilot study

Objective: Although the propulsion distance of a wheelchair is measured by some devices, measuring self-propulsion distance, excluding assistance propulsion distance by the caregiver, is difficult. This is a pilot study conducted to verify whether the propulsion distance of wheelchair users, excluding the assistance propulsion distance, can be measured using a cycle computer by attaching the touch switch.Methods: The wheelchair propulsion distance was measured using a cycle computer. We connected the touch switch and the cycle computer to the wheelchair to exclude assistance propulsion distance. We set the cycle computer to stop recording while the caregiver was touching the sensor. To confirm the propulsion distance using the cycle computer, the volunteer propelled the wheelchair on a rectangular facility with a total distance of 181 m, and the examiner confirmed the propulsion distance. The validation test to confirm the accuracy of the touch switch attached to the cycle computer was performed on a 50-m straight runway. The volunteer and caregiver propelled the wheelchair alternately by 10 m and continued until 50 m. The examiner confirmed the distance after 50-m propulsion.Results: In the 181-m rectangular facility, the propulsion distance that the volunteer propelled the wheelchair with the cycle computer was 180 m. In the 50-m straight runway, the propulsion distance was 30 m with caregiver assistance for 20 m.Conclusion: The present study showed that our modified device could measure the self-propulsion distance, excluding assistance propulsion distance in wheelchair users.     

Collaborative working in health and social care: Lessons learned from post-hoc preliminary findings of a young families’ pregnancy to age 2 project in South Wales,United Kingdom

Children of young and socially disadvantaged parents are more likely to experience adverse outcomes. In response to this, a unique young families’ project in Swansea, UK, was created, which drew together a team of multi-agency professionals, to support people aged 16–24 from 17 weeks of pregnancy throughout 1,001 days of the child's life. The aim of the JIGSO (the Welsh word for Jigsaw) project is for young people to reach their potential as parents and to break the cycle of health and social inequality. This evaluation analysed routinely collected data held by the project from January 2017 to December 2018 exploring health and social outcomes, including smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy, breastfeeding, maternal diet and social services outcomes. Outcomes were compared to local and national averages, where available. Data relating to parenting knowledge and skills were available via records of 10-point Likert scales, one collected at the start of the JIGSO involvement and one around 4–6 months later. Findings showed higher than average levels of breastfeeding initiation and lower smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy. Parents also reported enhanced knowledge and confidence in their child care skills, as well as improved family relationships. Parents with high levels of engagement with JIGSO also appeared to have positive outcomes with Social Services (their child's name was removed from child protection register or their case was closed to social services). This was a post-hoc evaluation, not an intervention study or trial, and thus findings must be interpreted with caution. Despite this, the findings are promising and more prospective research exploring similar services is required.     

家庭心理教育在精神分裂症患者康复中的作用

探讨家庭心理教育对精神分裂症康复的影响,方法采用对照研究的方法,对病人家属进行家庭心理教育,应用ＢＲＰＳ和Ｍ－ＳＤＳＳ量表对病人进行评定。结果在两年间的历次评定中,研究组病人ＢＰＲＳ和Ｍ－ＳＤＳＳ量表评分明显低于对照组。结论家庭心理教育对促进精神分裂症病人康复具有积极意义。     

Effect of distance and population size on patient trips in a prefecture of Japan: Application of a transportation distribution model to the demand for and supply of health services

The gravity model, a method for analyzing transportation distribution in transportation engineering, was used to explain patient trips between ten health service regions in a Japanese prefecture. The OD (Origin-Destination) tables were constructed with zoning by regions, distinguishing between out- and inpatients. The observed trips were determined from the data of a survey conducted in 1992 that reported the locations of patient residences and chosen medical facilities. The base values used in the model calculations were the population size of each region and the road distance between the centers of regions. Problems of intrazonal trip were avoided by setting a mean intrazonal movement distance. This model was calibrated by the linear regression method with simultaneous validation by the index of correlation coefficients. The model was found to accurately simulate the effect of distance on the choice of medical facilities and the differences between the characteristics of in- and out-patients. The population value in use showed the relation not only with demand but also the supply of clinical services. It was suggested that the model presented here was useful in the allocation of medical resources and would help explain the relationship between suppliers and consumers of medical services.     

我国全科医学教育培训的现状及若干问题思考

发展全科医学教育和培训是我国卫生体制改革和医疗保障制度改革相配套的一项重大举措．通过对我国全科医学培训教育的形式及现状的分析和总结，提出目前我国的全科医学教育和培训在学习国外经验的基础上，要发展中国特色的全科医学教育，并加大在校医学生教育及农村卫生服务人员培训的力度。     

使用反距离权重内插法绘制中国1990年代肿瘤分布地图

目的 绘制中国1990年代死因回顾1／10人口抽样调查肿瘤分布地图，展示中国1990年代肿瘤的地理分布和区域性集中趋势。方法 利用1990年代的全国死因抽样调查数据，根据中国1964年人口年龄分布计算标准化死亡率，以中国1990年代数字地图为背景，在Arcview软件支持下，利用反距离权重内插法（IDW）预测非采样地区的死亡率数值，绘制肿瘤死亡分布地图。结果 现已完成全国1990年代肿瘤分布地图绘制，与填充法相比，IDW所绘地图死亡率分布边续且过渡平滑，显示出肿瘤地区分布特点。结论 利用IDW根据抽样区域数据预测其他区域数据，可以实现用抽样数据绘制全国肿瘤分布地图，结果仍可以较为准确地反映出肿瘤分布规律。     

成人高等护理教育中“教师课堂教学质量评价表”的设计与应用

目的:设计成人高等教育中学生对“教师课堂教学质量评价表,”并应用于成人护理课堂教学中以提高学生的满意率,促进教师教学质量的提高。方法:分析成人教育的实际情况,设计教学质量评价表,对教师的课堂教学进行初次评价,统计评价分数与学生的满意率,并将评价结果反馈给授课教师,再授课一段时间内,该门课程未结束前,进行第二次评价,统计学生对教师课堂教学的评价分数与满意率。结果:学生对教师的课堂教学评价分数、满意率、出勤率均有提高。结论:通过教学评价表的设计与应用,加快成人教育教师队伍建设,促进成人教学质量的全面提高。     

基才网络环境的远程数字人体中医脉诊智能诊断系统

本文主要阐述了中医学脉诊原理,分析了脉诊数字化的可行性,描述了数字脉诊诊断系统的设计方案及进行家庭远程诊断的设想,并对该系统的应用前景作了展望。     

An unusual origin of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery in the thorax

The authors report a case of a 44‐year‐old male found to have unusual origins of the celiac trunk (CT) and superior mesernteric artrery (SMA) as revealed by routine multidetector computed tomograph (MDCT) angiography. The CT and SMA originate from the thoracic aorta (TA) 21 mm and 9 mm above the aortic hiatus, respectively. The median arcuate ligament (MAL) is located at the level of the L1–L2 intervertebral disc. The course of the CT descends in the thoracic cavity making a 14° acute downward angle in front of the TA; below the level of the MAL, the CT descends, making an angle of 47°. The course of the SMA descends at both the thoracic and abdominal level making an angle of 17°, and having an aortomesenteric distance of 9 mm at the level of the third part of the duodenum. In the present case, the supradiaphragmatic origin of the CT and the SMA was determined by their incomplete caudal descent, associated with a pronounced apparent descent of the diaphragm. A thoracic origin of the CT and SMA and the acute downward aortomesenteric angle (17°) associated with a reduced aortomesenteric distance at the level of the third part of the duodenum (9 mm), although no clinical signs are present, may predispose the patient to develop simultaneously a triple syndrome: the compression of CT by MAL (celiac axis compression syndrome), the compression of SMA by MAL (superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome), and the compression of the duodenum by the SMA (superior mesenteric artery syndrome). Clin. Anat. 26:975–979, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.