GITRL在内毒素诱导的Kupffer细胞凋亡中的作用研究

目的:探讨糖皮质激素诱导的肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白配体(GITRL)在脂多糖(LPS)诱导的Kupffer细胞(KCs)凋亡中的作用。方法:分离BALB/c小鼠的KCs,转染对照siR-NA或者GITRL siRNA 24 h后,分四组培养,分别为对照(Control)组:仅加入培养液;地塞米松(Dex)组:加入Dex10μmol/L;LPS组:加入LPS 1 mg/L;LPS+Dex组:加入LPS 1 mg/L和Dex 10μmol/L。24 h后用免疫细胞化学法检测GITRL蛋白的表达,应用Annexin V/PI双染标记和流式细胞术检测KCs的凋亡率。结果:LPS刺激增加了KCs GITRL的表达(P<0.05),然而地塞米松处理降低了LPS诱导的GITRL表达。LPS刺激诱导了KCs的凋亡,但是沉默GITRL基因或者地塞米松处理抑制了LPS诱导的凋亡(P<0.05)。结论:LPS可以诱导小鼠KCs的凋亡,其作用可能依赖于GITRL信号的转导。     

地塞米松对C6胶质瘤细胞细胞周期的影响

目的:研究地塞米松(Dex)对C6胶质瘤细胞细胞周期和增殖的影响。方法:在培养的C6胶质瘤细胞中加入不同浓度(0 mol/L、10-5mol/L、10-4mol/L和10-3mol/L)的Dex,作用不同的时间(6、12和24 h)后取材,运用细胞计数和流式细胞仪检测C6胶质瘤细胞的增殖情况、细胞周期及凋亡。结果:10-3mol/L的Dex诱发了C6胶质瘤细胞的凋亡。24 h时,4个组的C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡率依次为0.37、0.52、0.39和8.24;4个组的C6胶质瘤细胞个数依次为4.37×106、4.29×106、3.57×106和3.44×106,后3组与第1组有明显的差异;4个组的C6胶质瘤细胞增殖指数依次为17.58、6.79、6.29和22.48,前3组随浓度增加而增加,第4组例外。结论:Dex对C6胶质瘤细胞的细胞周期进程有明显的抑制作用。10-4mol/L以下的浓度抑制其由G1期向S期的转换,10-3mol/L剂量的Dex可能抑制C6胶质瘤细胞由G2期向M期的转换或阻滞细胞在S期。大剂量的Dex(10-3mol/L)可引起C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡。     

急性肺损伤大鼠TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-1ra mRNA的表达及药物干预

目的观察急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1ra）mRNA的动态表达及白介素-10(IL-10)、地塞米松(Dex)对TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-1ra的干预作用。方法气道内滴注内毒素(LPS)10mg／k建立大鼠ALI模型。72只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、损伤组、LPS加IL-10组、LPS加Dex组，每组18只(2、6、24h各6只)。采用RTPCR方法检测肺组织TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-1ra mRNA的表达水平，光镜下观察肺组织病理改变。结果损伤组肺组织TN-α mRNA表达2h达高峰，随后迅速下降；IL-βmRNA表达2h显著升高，6h达高峰，随后迅速下降；IL-1ra mRNA表达6h开始升高，且为峰值，24h仍高于对照组。IL-10及Dex可明显抑制肺组织TNF-α及IL-1βmRNA的表达，但对IL-1ra mRNA表达无明显影响。肺组织病理检查见IL-10组、Dex组的肺损伤较损伤组明显减轻。结论急性肺损伤时，TNF-α及IL-1βmRNA表达明显早于IL-1ra mRNA，提示ALI早期存在炎症介质／抗炎介质失衡。IL-10、Dex可明显抑制TNF-α及IL-1βmRNA的表达，但不影响IL-1ra mRNA的表达，这有利于炎症介质／抗炎介质平衡的重建，减轻大鼠ALI。     

早期激素干预对急性一氧化碳中毒大鼠迟发性脑病的预防作用

目的观察早期激素干预对急性一氧化碳中毒大鼠迟发性脑病（DEACMP）的预防作用。方法将132只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成3个实验组：CO中毒组（COP组）、CO中毒＋地塞米松10 mg/kg组（DSMS-10组）和CO中毒＋地塞米松30 mg/kg组（DSMS-30组）,每组40只。另设健康对照组（NC组）,12只。实验组按150 ml/kg腹腔内注射CO制备急性一氧化碳中毒动物模型,健康对照组大鼠注射等体积的空气。在中毒后30 min内DSMS-10组腹腔内注射地塞米松剂量为10 mg/kg/d,共7 d;DSMS-30组腹腔内注射地塞米松剂量为30 mg/kg/d,共7 d;NC组和COP组则注射等剂量生理盐水。监测中毒后90 min、7 d、14 d、21 d各组大鼠血清中髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）的含量,并在上述各时间点处死大鼠取脑组织,行HE及MBP免疫组化染色。采用Morris水迷宫实验评估动物的智力状态。结果 Morris水迷宫实验结果显示,COP组中有8只大鼠被判定为迟发性脑病;DSMS-10组中有6只被判定为迟发性脑病;而DSMS-30组和对照组未出现迟发性脑病。COP组大鼠血清中MBP含量增高最显著,DSMS-10组也有增高,DSMS-30组接近正常。差异在中毒后90 min、7 d最明显。病理学检查显示COP组中发生迟发性脑病的大鼠在中毒90 min~21 d后脑海马、皮质下出现神经元损伤、髓鞘碱性蛋白脱失等病理改变,上述病理改变在各实验组中均可观察到,但以COP组大鼠病变程度最重,DSMS-30组最轻。结论10 mg/kg地塞米松可降低急性一氧化碳中毒大鼠迟发性脑病的发生率。30 mg/kg地塞米松则可避免迟发性脑病的发生。     

Impact of Dexamethasone on Length of Stay and Early Pain Control in Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty With Neuraxial Anesthesia

BackgroundDexamethasone has been shown to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption for total joint arthroplasty patients; however, its impact on patients who received neuraxial anesthesia (NA) is not well described. We examined the impact of perioperative dexamethasone on outcomes for patients undergoing direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (THA) under NA.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted for 376 THA patients from a single institution. Univariate analysis was used to compare postoperative outcomes for 164 THA patients receiving dexamethasone compared to 212 who did not receive dexamethasone.ResultsNo differences in age, gender, body mass index, or American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Score were observed between the groups. Patients receiving perioperative dexamethasone reported statistically significantly lower postanesthesia care unit (PACU) pain numeric rating scale (Dexamethasone 1.6 vs No dexamethasone 2.3, P = .014) and received lower PACU morphine milligram equivalents (MME) (Dexamethasone 8.57 vs No dexamethasone 11.44, P < .001). Patients receiving dexamethasone had significantly shorter LOS (Dexamethasone 29.40 vs No dexamethasone 35.26 hrs., P < .001).ConclusionPerioperative dexamethasone is associated with decreased postoperative pain and narcotic consumption, and shorter length of stay for patients undergoing primary direct anterior approach THA with NA.     

Steroids to reduce the impact on delirium (STRIDE): a double-blind,randomised, placebo-controlled feasibility trial of pre-operative dexamethasone in people with hip fracture

Neuro-inflammation may be important in the pathogenesis of postoperative delirium following hip fracture surgery. Studies have suggested a potential role for steroids in reducing postoperative delirium; however, the potential efficacy and safety of pre-operative high-dose dexamethasone in this specific population is largely unknown. Conducting such a study could be challenging, considering the multidisciplinary team involvement and the emergency nature of the surgery. The aim of this study was to assess feasibility and effectiveness of dexamethasone given as early as possible following hospital admission for hip fracture, to inform whether a full-scale trial is warranted. This single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study randomly allocated 79 participants undergoing hip fracture surgery to dexamethasone 20 mg or placebo pre-operatively. Eligibility and recruitment rates, timing of the intervention and adverse events were recorded. Incidence and severity of postoperative delirium were assessed using the 4AT delirium screening tool and the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale. Postoperative pain, length of stay and mortality were also assessed. The eligibility rate for inclusion was 178/527 (34%), and 57/178 (32%) of eligible patients presented to hospital when no researcher was available (e.g. after-hours, weekends, public holidays). Recruitment was limited mainly by ethical limitations (not including patients with impaired cognition) and lack of weekend staffing. Median (IQR [range]) time from emergency department admission to drug administration was 13.3 (5.9–17.6 [1.8–139.6]) hours. There was a significant difference in delirium severity scores, favouring the dexamethasone group: median (IQR [range]) 5 (3–6 [3–7]) vs. 9 (6–13 [5–14]) in the placebo group, with the probability of superiority effect size being 0.89, p = 0.010. Delirium incidence did not differ between groups: 6/40 (15%) in the dexamethasone group vs. 9/39 (23%) in the placebo group, relative risk (95%CI) 0.65 (0.22–1.65), p = 0.360). A larger randomised controlled trial is feasible and ideally this should include people with existing cognitive impairment, seven days-a-week cover and a multicentre design.     

地塞米松防治带状疱疹所致神经痛疗效评价

目的:评价地塞米松在治疗带状疱疹神经痛以及预防带状疱疹后遗神经痛中的有效性和安全性。方法:将60例带状疱疹患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组患者均静滴更昔洛韦,口服甲钴胺、维生素B_1、氨芬曲马多。治疗组同时给予地塞米松5 mg静滴,每日1次。结果:治疗4天后,治疗组VAS评分低于对照组,有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组和对照组的后遗神经痛的发病率分别为9.67%和27.59%(P0.05)。结论:早期使用地塞米松可有效缓解带状疱疹神经痛,并能有效预防后遗神经痛。     

BMP-2和地塞米松对体外培养大鼠牙囊细胞矿化能力的影响

目的:探讨BMP-2和地塞米松联合作用对大鼠牙囊细胞分化能力的影响,为牙囊细胞在牙周组织工程中的应用提供实验依据。方法:取生长状态良好的第3代大鼠牙囊细胞,血清饥饿同步化后,分别加入含BMP-2(100ng/ml)、地塞米松Dex(10-8mol/ml)、BMP-2(100ng/ml)+地塞米松(10-8mol/ml)的DMEM培养液,通过碱性磷酸酶(ALP)检测试剂盒、钙化结节染色分别检测不同诱导条件下对大鼠牙囊细胞分化的影响。结果:经BMP-2、Dex、BMP-2+Dex诱导后,体外培养的大鼠牙囊细胞碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于未诱导组,各组间ALP活性与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。BMP-2+Dex诱导组ALP活性最强,与BMP-2诱导组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而与Dex诱导组间ALP活性则差异无统计学意义(P>0.01)。培养14d时,BMP-2+Dex诱导组牙囊细胞ALP活性增强最为显著,与BMP-2诱导组及Dex诱导组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。矿化结节计数分析显示,各组细胞矿化结节形成的数量及面积明显存在显著的差异,BMP-2、Dex、BMP-2+Dex诱导组与未诱导组相比,其矿化结节形成量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),BMP-2+Dex诱导组矿化结节形成量明显大于BMP-2和Dex单独诱导组。结论:BMP-2、地塞米松均能促进牙囊细胞的分化,然而两者联合作用促分化的能力最为显著,提示其在牙周组织工程中的应用前景。     

Pituitary volumes in hypochondriac patients

To date, no study has examined the pituitary volumes in patients with hypochondriasis. In the present study, we evaluated pituitary volumes in patients with hypochondriasis and healthy controls. Twenty individuals with hypochondriasis (ten males, ten females), aged 20 to 48 years, and healthy controls were included into the study. The pituitary volumes were obtained. Volumetric measurements were made with T1-weighted coronal MRI images, with 2.4-mm-thick slices, at 1.5 T, and were done blindly. Volumetric measurements did not demonstrate group differences in the brain measurements, i.e., whole brain volume, white, and gray matter volumes (P > 0.05). We found significantly smaller pituitary volumes of the whole group of hypochondriac patients compared to healthy controls (age and ICV as covariates). To conclude, the results from the current investigation suggest that hypochondriac patients had smaller pituitary volumes compared with healthy controls. This could be the keystone to a better understanding of the neurobiological basis of hypochondriasis.