某院护士药学服务能力、认知与需求的调查分析

目的 了解护士药学服务能力、认知与需求,为提高药学服务水平和护理质量提供建议.方法 采用方便抽样法,于2016年7—8月,选取成都医学院第一附属医院护士180人,采用自行设计的问卷进行调查.结果 护士药学服务能力平均得分为(9.87±1.27)分,理论知识平均得分为(2.94±0.691)分.护士对药学服务持肯定态度.护士对药师服务的需求度较高.结论 必须加强护理相关药学服务教育,药师必须帮助护理人员提高药学服务所需的知识与技能,计算机技术也可以用于辅助护士药学服务,从而提高药学服务的整体水平.     

中医药传统知识法律保护的内在需求

从中医药知识自身属性、特点及其发展中存在的问题,多方面考察了中医药传统知识法律保护的内在需求。作者认为传统知识保护的内在需求不明确,是实现传统知识法律保护的主要障碍,且内在需求影响着对保护措施的选择;中医药传统知识的法律保护大多数可以通过知识产权保护得到实现,探讨中医药传统知识的法律保护,首先应考虑运用知识产权保护机制。     

甘肃省卫生人力资源公平性及预测研究

目的对甘肃省卫生人力资源配置现状及公平性进行分析,对2019—2023年需求数量进行预测,为甘肃省卫生人力资源发展规划提供参考建议。方法运用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数对甘肃省卫生人力资源配置的公平性进行研究;运用时间序列模型对甘肃省2019—2023年卫生人力资源需求量进行预测。结果 2018年甘肃省所属每千人口卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师和注册护士分别为5.2名、2.0名和1.9名。按人口配置的基尼系数均小于0.4的临界值;按地理配置的基尼系数均超过0.6,处于高度不公平状态。预测到2023年甘肃省卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师和注册护士的人数分别为167 471人、40 534人和53 657人。结论甘肃省卫生人力资源配置的人口公平性优于地理公平性;卫生人力资源发展速度缓慢,医护比不合理,全省医疗人力资源不足;甘肃省在未来五年对卫生人力资源的需求量很大,需要进一步重视卫生人力资源的开发,扩大人才队伍建设规模。     

Do differences in reported expenditures between household scanner data and expenditure surveys matter in health policy research?

Household scanner data are increasingly used to inform health policy such as sugar‐sweetened beverage taxes. This article examines whether differences in the level of reported expenditures between IRI Consumer Network scanner panel and the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) lead to important differences in demand elasticities and policy simulation outcomes. Using each dataset, we estimated a structural consumer demand system with seven food groups and a numéraire good. To compare the two datasets on a level playing field, we went to great lengths to ensure that the explanatory variables in the two demand models were comparably constructed. Results indicate that scanner data households are not consistently more price responsive than the general population and underreported Consumer Network expenditures do not seem to result in systematic differences in price elasticities. The income elasticities are uniformly lower in Consumer Network than in CES for higher income households because of the positive association between income and the degree of underreporting. This, however, has limited effects on uncompensated price elasticities and policy simulations because food budget shares are small for higher income households. Overall, these findings support continued use of household scanner data in health policy research related to effects of price (dis)incentives.     

谷氨酰胺代谢对卵巢肿瘤细胞生物学行为的影响

谷氨酰胺是可以由细胞自身合成的非必需氨基酸,对体外培养的哺乳动物细胞生长和增殖具有非常重要的意义。在肿瘤细胞增殖过程中谷氨酰胺不仅满足了蛋白质合成的需要,也是嘌呤和嘧啶合成过程中氮元素的主要供体。研究显示谷氨酰胺成瘾的肿瘤细胞依赖谷氨酰胺生存,并通过三羧酸循环对谷氨酰胺利用进行重编程。阻断高侵袭性卵巢癌细胞中谷氨酰胺进入三羧酸循环,或抑制低侵袭性卵巢癌细胞谷氨酰胺合成,可能是卵巢癌潜在的治疗方法。谷氨酰胺代谢与卵巢癌不良预后有关;抑制谷氨酰胺代谢通路和以铂类为基础的联合使用,可能是卵巢癌治疗的新策略,特别是耐药性卵巢癌。综述谷氨酰胺代谢在卵巢癌细胞增殖、侵袭和药物抵抗等生物学行为方面的作用,探讨其作为潜在的卵巢癌诊断、治疗和预后的新靶点或生物标记。     

Conditional cash transfer policies in maternal health service utilization in Nepal: Analysis of safe delivery incentive program (Aama Surakshya Karyakram) using Kingdon's multiple streams framework

Various factors limit access to and utilization of health services even when provided at subsidized cost. This results in poor utilization of services that contributes to further economic impoverishment and health care disparity. Many countries are experimenting with various approaches to tackle the poor utilization of health care services including demand‐side financing policy. This paper explains the policymaking process during the formulation of safe delivery incentive program, a conditional cash transfer program in Nepal using Kindgon's multiple streams framework. Analysis of earlier policies and programs around safe motherhood concludes that high transportation cost was a major cause for poor utilization of institutional obstetric care, despite being provided at free of cost. Health was recognized as fundamental constitutional right in 2007. This assured societal support and political commitments for protecting health constitutionally. Furthermore, there was commitment from external development partners (EDPs) for investment in maternal health. Together, these problem, policy, and politics opened Kingdon's “windows of opportunity” for formulation of conditional cash transfer policy. This paper presents evolution of Aama Surakshya Karyakram and uses Kingdon's multiple streams framework to explain how problem, policy, and politics streams converged together to allow this program to be introduced in Nepal.     

卫勤指挥干部任职培训教学需求调查

目的：了解当前部队各级卫勤保障和管理机构对于卫勤指挥干部任职培训的需求和对当前教学效果的评价,提出改进培训模式的对策和建议。资料和方法：以某军医大学的卫勤指挥干部任职培训班为研究对象,以问卷调查的形式收集部队单位的教学需求数据,共发放问卷30份,回收29份,回收率96.67%,有效问卷29份,有效率100%。使用Ep idata 3.0进行数据整理,SAS9.12进行统计分析。结果：各部队卫勤保障和管理机构对于任职培训的教学需求较为强烈,对现行教学模式持认可的态度。普遍认为需要重点加强卫勤组织指挥和医疗管理的培训,同时希望增加卫勤保障前沿的教学内容,强化实践和信息化教学的培训。结论与讨论：当前的卫勤指挥干部的任职培训模式基本满足部队需求,但军医大学应当进一步增加部队所关心的各类实际问题和前沿理论的教学,强化实践和信息化教学内容,同时要结合部队需求大力开展卫勤科学研究,不断拓展任职培训教学的广度和深入,更好地为部队服务。     

北京市农村残疾人对医疗服务需求意愿的影响因素分析

现阶段北京市农村残疾人的首要需求是医疗服务,为了使有限的扶残助残资源得到有效利用,本文结合理论和实地调研资料,运用二项logit模型对影响农村残疾人医疗服务需求意愿的相关因素进行了实证分析,确定了急需医疗服务的农村残疾人群的相关特征,并提出了优化扶残助残资源配置的政策建议。     

某医学院本科生性心理现状分析

目的 了解医学生性心理现状,为建立高校性心理健康教育模式提供依据.方法 采用自编问卷对某医学院399名本科医学生进行问卷调查.结果 男、女生是否喜欢自身性别的报告率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),男生更愿意接受自身性别;大多数学生都希望与异性交往,且男生的需求更强烈;男、女生在释放性心理压力的途径与方法上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多数学生认为大学期间恋爱动机是排遣寂寞.结论 医学生性发展与性知识不协调,性需求和性满足之间存在冲突和矛盾.应科学引导学生树立正确的恋爱观,重视在校园内开展性知识教育和性文化建设.