White spots in pharmaceutical pipelines–EMA identifies potential areas of unmet medical needs

Unmet medical needs are a priority for organizations such as the WHO and major public–private initiatives, such as Innovative Medicines Initiative, were established to speed up the development of better and safer medicines for patients. To assist such projects, the EMA in its ‘Road Map to 2015’ considered the mapping of unmet medical needs as a priority. This study has identified medical conditions for which the EMA could not identify developments in the pharmaceutical pipelines, that is, ‘white spots’. Our analysis was made using external data sources as well as mining data of the EMA. The main areas for white spots were oncology, infectious diseases and certain psychiatric conditions. According to our data and a review of literature, in a number of these white spots, diagnostic tools may even be missing. The identification of those conditions will benefit stakeholders, including regulators, research funding bodies and patients’ organizations.     

基于智库理念的基层医生信息需求调查

以济宁市5所医院近300名临床医生为研究对象,通过问卷调查,了解其获取专业信息的动力因素、渠道、障碍及满意度,分析其信息需求及存在问题,指出医学院校图书馆应以提高专业信息资源的权威性、时效性和检索的全面性为着力点,向当地医院开展智库服务。     

社区药学服务调查报告Ⅱ

目的调查分析社区老年人群用药常识及对社区药学服务的需求情况,为社区开展老年人药学服务提供理论依据。方法对温州12个社区的居民进行问卷调查,选取60岁以上老年人与60以下的成年人进行对比分析。结果社区老年人健康问题以高血压、糖尿病等慢性病为主;社区老年人与非老年人在社区卫生服务中心购药的比例分别为58.25%与42.42%;79.80%老年人有家中备药习惯,但仅13.13%老年人按说明书中贮存要求存放药品;老年组与非老年组相比,用药误区存在显著性差异,老年组用药问题相对较多,在合理用药知识宣传、指导家庭备用药的选用及上门服务等药学服务方面存在更大的需求。结论社区老年人用药存在诸多问题,对社区药学服务的需求非常迫切。老年人社区药学服务目前还处于初级探索阶段,还需要社区药师发挥专业特长不断探索,不断实践,不断创新,让药学服务模式融入到社区卫生服务。     

Strategies adopted to manage physical and psychosocial challenges after returning home among people with stroke: A qualitative study

Stroke survivors encounter various physical and psychosocial challenges after hospital discharge. Systematic reviews consistently suggest the importance of self-management in promoting post-stroke recovery. However, stroke survivors’ performance of self-management behaviors after returning home is poorly understood. This study was conducted to explore how stroke survivors manage their life after returning home from the hospital. This was a qualitative study with individual, semi-structured interviews. We recruited a purposive sample of adults who had a first or recurrent ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and currently lived at home. Participants were asked about their post-stroke experiences, challenges encountered, and strategies adopted for managing post-stroke conditions. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. A total of 30 stroke survivors (mean age = 61.97 years, SD = 10.20) were interviewed. Most were men (n = 18), married (n = 25), and retired (n = 21). Two-thirds had experienced an ischemic stroke. Five key themes emerged: pursuing lifelong learning to live well after a stroke; reinterpreting unpleasant experiences as new learning opportunities; engaging in life activities to better adapt to post-stroke challenges; being confident in oneself to persevere in self-management behaviors; and continuing to accept the current self and explore the new self. Participants regarded learning as a prerequisite for improving their affected functions and managing uncertainties in recovery. Learning requires self-participation, building self-efficacy and positive outcome expectations, testing and adapting strategies to one''s own health conditions, and engaging in leisure or social activities. These findings will guide future development of interventions for enhancing stroke survivors’ recovery outcomes.     

感染HIV的孕产妇预防艾滋病母婴传播服务需求与障碍分析

目的了解艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染孕产妇的预防艾滋病母婴传播服务需求与服务利用障碍。方法对某艾滋病高发地区,自2003年以来截至2004年10月发现并分娩的HIV感染孕产妇进行问卷调查。结果13.79%的孕产妇不愿意接受产前检查,5.17%的孕产妇不愿意住院分娩,怕歧视、担心检查和住院分娩费用高等是孕产妇不接受孕产期保健的主要原因;96.43%的孕产妇愿意本人和给孩子服用抗逆转录病毒药物预防艾滋病母婴传播,但只有87.50%的孕产妇服用了抗HIV药物,未服药的原因为临产急诊分娩,未得到检测结果,延误了孕产妇和婴儿的服药时机;89.29%的孕产妇希望其所生婴幼儿获得随访服务,但只有58.93%的婴幼儿得到过随访服务,其中51.52%的婴幼儿在出生后3个月内得到首次随访;怕别人知道自己的感染情况是不愿意接受随访的主要原因;近7%的孕产妇不愿意或不知道要给所生的婴幼儿进行HIV抗体检测。结论育龄妇女和孕产妇艾滋病检测不及时、非住院分娩、婴幼儿随访服务薄弱、经济负担、社会歧视等问题,是预防艾滋病母婴传播服务利用的主要障碍,预防艾滋病母婴传播综合能力亟待加强。     

三甲中医医院院长职业化管理培训现状与需求调查

目的 探讨当前我国中医医院院长对医院职业化管理培训工作的理解与需求.方法 对来自全国各地参训的60位三级甲等中医医院院长进行问卷调查,收回有效问卷52份,采用SPSS 17.0统计分析.结果 职业化管理培训工作在三级甲等中医医院得到较为广泛的重视;工作太忙、授课理论空洞乏味和教师授课水平参差不齐是影响培训效果的3位主因.从培训需求角度而言,经营管理、战略管理、财务管理、人力资源管理是重要的培训模块;管理方法与技巧、工作预见能力、有效的沟通方法是培训主攻方向;案例分析、课堂讲授仍然是培训需求的主要方式.结论 引入“拓展思路,学员本位、问题导向”培训理念,帮助学员深入解析管理环境、管理者个人以及环境与个体之间的关系,构建起职业化管理培训的长效机制,促进中医医院院长职业化管理培训工作的纵深发展.     

Career Placement of Doctor of Pharmacy Graduates at Eight U.S. Midwestern Schools

Objective. To characterize postgraduation placement plans of 2013 doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) graduates.Methods. A cross-sectional survey of PharmD graduates from 8 midwestern colleges of pharmacy was designed to capture a comprehensive picture of graduating students’ experiences and outcomes of their job search.Results. At graduation, 81% of 2013 respondents had postgraduate plans, with approximately 40% accepting jobs and 40% accepting residencies or fellowships. Eighty-four percent of graduates reported being pleased with offers received, and 86% received placement in their preferred practice setting. Students perceived that securing residencies was more difficult than securing jobs. Students who participated in key activities had a nearly sevenfold increase in successful residency placement.Conclusion. While the demand for pharmacists decreased in recent years, responses indicated successful placement by the majority of 2013 graduates at the time of graduation.