三甲中医医院院长职业化管理培训现状与需求调查

目的 探讨当前我国中医医院院长对医院职业化管理培训工作的理解与需求.方法 对来自全国各地参训的60位三级甲等中医医院院长进行问卷调查,收回有效问卷52份,采用SPSS 17.0统计分析.结果 职业化管理培训工作在三级甲等中医医院得到较为广泛的重视;工作太忙、授课理论空洞乏味和教师授课水平参差不齐是影响培训效果的3位主因.从培训需求角度而言,经营管理、战略管理、财务管理、人力资源管理是重要的培训模块;管理方法与技巧、工作预见能力、有效的沟通方法是培训主攻方向;案例分析、课堂讲授仍然是培训需求的主要方式.结论 引入“拓展思路,学员本位、问题导向”培训理念,帮助学员深入解析管理环境、管理者个人以及环境与个体之间的关系,构建起职业化管理培训的长效机制,促进中医医院院长职业化管理培训工作的纵深发展.     

Career Placement of Doctor of Pharmacy Graduates at Eight U.S. Midwestern Schools

Objective. To characterize postgraduation placement plans of 2013 doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) graduates.Methods. A cross-sectional survey of PharmD graduates from 8 midwestern colleges of pharmacy was designed to capture a comprehensive picture of graduating students’ experiences and outcomes of their job search.Results. At graduation, 81% of 2013 respondents had postgraduate plans, with approximately 40% accepting jobs and 40% accepting residencies or fellowships. Eighty-four percent of graduates reported being pleased with offers received, and 86% received placement in their preferred practice setting. Students perceived that securing residencies was more difficult than securing jobs. Students who participated in key activities had a nearly sevenfold increase in successful residency placement.Conclusion. While the demand for pharmacists decreased in recent years, responses indicated successful placement by the majority of 2013 graduates at the time of graduation.     

Differential diagnosis on the autism spectrum: Theorizing an “Ordinary Autism”

ObjectivesData on the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) reveal several clinical evolutions inducing new psychiatric definitions and diagnostic practices. Thus, autism has shifted from being a rare syndrome with severe clinical forms to a new paradigm: the paradigm of “ordinary” or “invisible” autism, in terms of the frequency and the intensity of the disorders. These changes incorporate new populations into our conception of autism, with new phenotypes that pose theoretical and clinical challenges to clinicians. In response, we propose the hypothesis — based on psychoanalytic theories of psychic structures — of an “ordinary autism” as a definition of a non-prototypical autistic psychic functioning that falls outside the DSM diagnostic framework. This idea seems to provide us new theoretical references that nourish our practices as well as fundamental research.MethodFirst, we will review the nosographic mutations of the DSM-5 and their implications for non-prototypical psychic modes of functioning of autistic people that may not be contained within the autism spectrum's blurry boundaries — especially for the adult population without intellectual delay and in the case of complicated differential diagnosis for clinical and societal reasons. Next, we will discuss the definition of “ordinary” or “invisible” autism in a psychoanalytic structural model, as a possible epistemological orientation for identifying and designing practice with the clinical heterogeneity of autism outside the boundaries of psychiatric ASD.ResultsThe autistic population targeted by the DSM-5 criteria is different from that previously defined by DSM-IV. This leads to two consequences: on the one hand, autistic modes of functioning are not limited to individuals who have been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders as defined by the DSM-5; thus individuals with autism do not have access to the diagnosis of ASD or are given other diagnoses. The alternative diagnoses proposed by the DSM-5 that attempt to correct this diagnostic exclusion — such as Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder — are unsatisfactory. Therefore, there is an entire segment of the autistic population that has subclinical, non-prototypic autistic manifestations or more subtle phenomena discernible in the broader autistic phenotype or sub-threshold autism spectrum that does not have access to the ASD diagnosis and raises differential diagnostic issues. On the other hand, it appears that the autism spectrum brings together extremely different entities and false positives such as schizophrenia and schizophrenic spectrum personality disorders under one diagnostic rubric. Then, the differential problem appears central: both at the theoretical level and in diagnostic practices. The recognition of these limits should encourage us to promote research and clinical applications on this subject. One solution that we envisage is to be found in an extension of Maleval's structural psychoanalytical model: we propose the notion of “ordinary autism” — an echo of ordinary psychosis — to define attenuated or compensated non-prototypical autistic phenotypes, increasingly frequent and with fewer “extraordinary” phenomenological expressions than the classic cases of autism which now call into question the relationship between the normal and the pathological.Discussion“Ordinary autism” seems to offer clinicians the opportunity to formalize the new contemporary and extensive clinical reality of autism. This term situates itself within a theoretical model whose current and future developments might help us respond to clinical and diagnostic issues, but also to therapeutic and societal ones. We propose to continue on the path of the operationalization of these theoretical models in order to identify autistic structural constants that could be found throughout the “ordinary” clinic of autism and could serve as differentiating tools for diagnosis as well as a support in developing and refining therapeutic practices.ConclusionWe conclude that there is an urgent need to conceive of “ordinary autism” to provide us with reference points to respond to new clinical issues, but also to reintroduce respect for the autistic person in his or her subjectivity to the center of our therapeutic practices.     

安国市中药饮片生产行业人才现状及需求调查

目的分析目前中药专业教育中存在的问题与不足,并提出针对性的专业课程建设意见和建议。方法以安国市为主调研地,选取20家中药饮片生产企业,对企业基本情况、人才结构、岗位设置、人才需求情况及本企业和本行业的发展现状、趋势、发展困境等进行问卷调查。结果安国市中药饮片生产行业人才总体学历层次偏低,生产企业对中药专业人才需求较大,"用得上、留得住、下得去"的高素质技能型、应用型人才紧缺。结论如何为该行业输送可用、能用、够用的人才,是解决该行业人才紧缺现状的当务之急。相关人才培养定位需结合实际,课程设置需更具有实用性,校企合作需进一步加强。     

Randomized comparison of prophylaxis and on‐demand regimens with FEIBA NF in the treatment of haemophilia A and B with inhibitors

Factor replacement therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe haemophilia A and B can be complicated by the production of inhibitory alloantibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX. Treatment with the nanofiltered anti‐inhibitor coagulant complex, Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity (FEIBA NF), is a key therapeutic option for controlling acute haemorrhages in patients with high‐titre inhibitors or low‐titre inhibitors refractory to replacement therapy. Given the high risk for morbidity and mortality in haemophilia patients with inhibitors to FVIII or FIX, we conducted this Phase 3 prospective study to evaluate whether prophylaxis with FEIBA NF is a safe and effective treatment option. Over a 1‐year period, 17 subjects were treated prophylactically (85 ± 15 U kg^?1 every other day) while 19 subjects were treated on demand. The median (IQR) annualized bleeding rate (ABR) during prophylaxis was 7.9 (8.1), compared to 28.7 (32.3) during on‐demand treatment, which amounts to a 72.5% reduction and a statistically significant difference in ABRs between arms (P = 0.0003). Three (17.6%) subjects (ITT) on prophylaxis experienced no bleeding episodes, whereas none treated on demand were bleeding episode‐free. Total utilization of FEIBA NF for the treatment of bleeding episodes was significantly higher during on‐demand therapy than prophylaxis (P = 0.0067). There were no differences in the rates of related adverse events between arms. This study demonstrates that FEIBA prophylaxis significantly reduces all types of bleeding compared with on‐demand treatment, and the safety of prophylaxis is comparable to that of on‐demand treatment.     

基于供需视角的中国家庭医生签约服务研究进展

实行家庭医生签约服务是推动分级诊疗的重要手段,是深化医药卫生体制改革的重要任务,也是新形势下更好维护人民群众健康的重要途径。本文从供需角度阐述我国家庭医生签约服务的研究现状,分析研究过程中存在的问题,并提出未来的研究方向与政策建议。目前需方研究多集中于家庭医生签约服务现状、知晓率、签约（续签）率和意愿、满意度等方面;供方研究多集中于签约服务主体（家庭医生团队构成）、激励机制、培养和教育、家庭医生工作满意度等方面。家庭医生签约服务的效果评估多基于需方角度。对此本文认为从供方研究我国家庭医生签约服务的实证研究缺乏,完善家庭医生激励机制和团队构成、加强家庭医生队伍培养和教育等举措对于进一步推动我国家庭医生签约服务尤为重要。