居家痴呆病人照顾者需求调查研究

[目的]了解我国居家痴呆病人照顾者需求状况及相关因素.[方法]对108例居家痴呆照顾者进行需求问卷调查.[结果]痴呆病人照顾者需求是多方面的,痴呆病人因素中,年龄、婚姻状况、痴呆用药与照顾者需求呈正相关;而痴呆诊断时间、痴呆症状出现时间与照顾者需求呈负相关;照顾者文化程度与之呈正相关,参与照顾人员与需求呈负相关.[结论]在对痴呆病人照顾者提供支持过程中,不仅要注意照顾者的总体需求,还要注重照顾者的个体需求差异,采取有针对性的干预措施,减轻照顾者压力.     

骨科护士对危机管理培训需求及培养模式的调查研究

[目的]了解骨科护士对危机管理培训及培养模式的需求,为进一步构建骨科护士危机管理培训体系提供参考依据。[方法]以某三级甲等综合性医院11个骨科病区192名骨科护士为研究对象,使用自制危机管理培训需求调查问卷进行调查。[结果]共发放问卷192份,回收有效问卷182份,有效回收率94.79%。97.1%的骨科护士认为有必要开展危机管理培训。9个维度46个条目中有45个条目(97.1%)评分在4分以上;最希望的培训方法是案例分析法(89.5%);不同科室、学历、职称、年龄、工作年限的护士对危机管理潜在表现、危机管理基本原则、骨科基础课程等维度内容的需求比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]骨科护士对危机管理培训的需求强烈,在设计培养模式时需结合护士对培训的内容、方式、师资等方面的需求进行针对性培训,建立系统性、科学性的骨科护士危机管理培训体系。     

谷氨酰胺代谢对卵巢肿瘤细胞生物学行为的影响

谷氨酰胺是可以由细胞自身合成的非必需氨基酸,对体外培养的哺乳动物细胞生长和增殖具有非常重要的意义。在肿瘤细胞增殖过程中谷氨酰胺不仅满足了蛋白质合成的需要,也是嘌呤和嘧啶合成过程中氮元素的主要供体。研究显示谷氨酰胺成瘾的肿瘤细胞依赖谷氨酰胺生存,并通过三羧酸循环对谷氨酰胺利用进行重编程。阻断高侵袭性卵巢癌细胞中谷氨酰胺进入三羧酸循环,或抑制低侵袭性卵巢癌细胞谷氨酰胺合成,可能是卵巢癌潜在的治疗方法。谷氨酰胺代谢与卵巢癌不良预后有关;抑制谷氨酰胺代谢通路和以铂类为基础的联合使用,可能是卵巢癌治疗的新策略,特别是耐药性卵巢癌。综述谷氨酰胺代谢在卵巢癌细胞增殖、侵袭和药物抵抗等生物学行为方面的作用,探讨其作为潜在的卵巢癌诊断、治疗和预后的新靶点或生物标记。     

甘肃省卫生人力资源公平性及预测研究

目的对甘肃省卫生人力资源配置现状及公平性进行分析,对2019—2023年需求数量进行预测,为甘肃省卫生人力资源发展规划提供参考建议。方法运用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数对甘肃省卫生人力资源配置的公平性进行研究;运用时间序列模型对甘肃省2019—2023年卫生人力资源需求量进行预测。结果 2018年甘肃省所属每千人口卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师和注册护士分别为5.2名、2.0名和1.9名。按人口配置的基尼系数均小于0.4的临界值;按地理配置的基尼系数均超过0.6,处于高度不公平状态。预测到2023年甘肃省卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师和注册护士的人数分别为167 471人、40 534人和53 657人。结论甘肃省卫生人力资源配置的人口公平性优于地理公平性;卫生人力资源发展速度缓慢,医护比不合理,全省医疗人力资源不足;甘肃省在未来五年对卫生人力资源的需求量很大,需要进一步重视卫生人力资源的开发,扩大人才队伍建设规模。     

Swedish parents of children with Down's syndrome

Becoming parents of a child with Down's syndrome (DS) challenges the adjustment ability in parenthood. Individuals with higher sense of coherence (SOC) are supposed to manage stressors better than those with lower SOC. The aims of this study were to investigate parental self-perceived stress, SOC, frequency of gainful employment and amount of time spent on child care in Swedish DS parents (165 parents; 86 mothers, 79 fathers) and to compare those with control parents of healthy children (169 parents; 87 mothers, 82 fathers). The mean age of the children was 4.7 years. Parents responded to questionnaires separately including Hymovich's Parent Perception Inventory as stress measurement and Antonovsky's short version of the Orientation to Life. No differences concerning total employment rate were observed, but the DS mothers were more often employed part-time than control mothers. The DS parents did not spend more time on child care than the control parents and they did not differ in mean SOC score, but the DS parents perceived greater stress. The differences in stress, particularly between the DS and control mothers, were related to time-demanding areas. Parents with high SOC scores experienced significantly less self-perceived stress.     

门诊化疗病人对化疗知识需求调查分析

目的 了解门诊注射室化疗病人对化疗知识的需求。方法 采用自行设计的调查问卷，对96例门诊化疗病人进行调查。结果 门诊化疗病人表示对相关知识需求十分迫切，90％以上门诊化疗病人的需求是药物知识指导和家庭护理指导。健康教育方法主要是要求发放健康手册及相关书籍自行阅读，占60．42％，其次是要求注射室护士进行卫生宣教获得知识，占21．88％，收听广播或观看录像获得知识，占16．67％。结论 门诊护士不但要做好日常的护理工作，还应了解病人对疾病相关知识的需求，采取合适的健康教育方法，及时提供有效信息。     

医院陪护人员心理需求调查分析及对策

目的:了解和探讨医院陪护人员的心理需求,以引起医院各级人员及社会的关注。方法:采用自行设计问卷,以无记名方式对在院正在执行陪护任务的40名陪护人员进行10项心理需求方面的调查。结果:陪护人员中以初中文化程度、30岁以上的女性居多,80%的陪护人员有满足心理需求的愿望。结论:陪护人员作为医院的一支重要的新生力量,医院各级人员应给予充分的理解、信任和支持,利用各种方式、方法关心他们的生活和心理需求,经常给予他们技术的指导和情感的沟通,使他们保持健康愉悦的心理状态,更好地为病人服务。     

社区护理人员对急救技能培训的需求

目的：了解社区护理人员急救技能系统培训现状及需求情况,为制订相应的培训策略和方法提供依据。方法：对我区108家社区健康服务中心322名护理人员进行问卷调查。结果：社区护理人员以年轻、低学历、低职称者为主。95%护理人员未参加过急救技能系统、规范培训,99.06%护理人员对培训需求高。护师以上的人员培训需求程度与护士相比,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。培训方式多选择短期培训班和定期强化技术这两种方式。影响社区护士参加培训学习的前3位原因是：工作忙,没机会,经费限制。结论：有必要对社区护理人员进行系统、规范的急救技能培训。各级领导应对社区护理人员在学习的时间上、经费上给予支持和合理安排。提出：采用急诊—院前—社区三位一体的护理急救技能培训模式,制定一个系统、规范、科学的社区护理人员急救技能培训计划,提高社区护理人员急救护理质量。     

Do differences in reported expenditures between household scanner data and expenditure surveys matter in health policy research?

Household scanner data are increasingly used to inform health policy such as sugar‐sweetened beverage taxes. This article examines whether differences in the level of reported expenditures between IRI Consumer Network scanner panel and the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) lead to important differences in demand elasticities and policy simulation outcomes. Using each dataset, we estimated a structural consumer demand system with seven food groups and a numéraire good. To compare the two datasets on a level playing field, we went to great lengths to ensure that the explanatory variables in the two demand models were comparably constructed. Results indicate that scanner data households are not consistently more price responsive than the general population and underreported Consumer Network expenditures do not seem to result in systematic differences in price elasticities. The income elasticities are uniformly lower in Consumer Network than in CES for higher income households because of the positive association between income and the degree of underreporting. This, however, has limited effects on uncompensated price elasticities and policy simulations because food budget shares are small for higher income households. Overall, these findings support continued use of household scanner data in health policy research related to effects of price (dis)incentives.     

Light responsive hybrid nanofibres for on‐demand therapeutic drug and cell delivery

Smart materials for on‐demand delivery of therapeutically active agents are challenging in pharmaceutical and biomaterials science. In the present study, we report hybrid nanofibres capable of being reversibly controlled to pulsatile deliver both therapeutic drugs and cells on‐demand of near‐infrared (NIR) light. The nanofibres, fabricated by co‐electrospinning of poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide), silica‐coated gold nanorods and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquinoxanes have, for the first time, demonstrated rapid, reversible large‐volume changes of 83% on‐demand with NIR stimulation, with retained nanofibrous morphology. Combining with the extracellular matrix‐mimicking fibrillary properties, the nanofibres achieved accelerated release of model drug or cells on demand with NIR triggering. The release of the model drug doxorubicin demonstrated normal anti‐cancer efficacy by reducing the viability of human cervical cancer HeLa cells by 97% in 48 h. In parallel, the fibres allowed model cell NIH3T3 fibroblast entrapment, adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and, upon NIR irradiation, cell release with undisturbed cellular function. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.