贵州省安顺市阿片类药物滥用情况调查

1991年2月至7月对贵州省安顺市居民进行了阿片类药物滥用情况的抽样调查,共调查20 252人。结果表明当地滥用的药物以阿片为主,尚未发现海洛因滥用的现象。男性阿片滥用现患率明显高于女性,但女性平均用药时间却较男性长。不同亚人群滥用阿片的程度及原因有所不同。 此次调查也表明横断面调查用于一般人群阿片类药物滥用程度的估计是可行的,如果配合客观的识别药物滥用者的手段将会使此方法在实际中起到更重要的作用。     

实地考察美国太平洋东方医学院见闻

笔者实地考察了美国规模较大的中医药学校太平洋东方医学院。本文从学校概况、教学模式和内容、出版物及图书馆方面进行详细介绍,以利于人们更深入地了解美国中医药教育情况。     

开江县306例流行性乙型脑炎流行病学调查分析

目的 探讨乙型脑炎发病规律和临床特征,为乙脑防制提供科学依据.方法 对开江县1985～2005年临床诊治的乙脑患者306例进行流行病学个案调查及分析,取2002～2005年乙脑病人血清,采用反向被动血凝抑制试验(RPHI)进行乙脑IgM抗体检测.结果 306例乙脑患者,分布于开江县20个乡镇168个村和居委会,农村发病是城镇的37.25倍,病死率为3.27%(10/306),发病高峰集中在8月,占63.73%(195/306),2～6岁儿童病例占78.43%(240/306),男女发病之比为1.41∶1,以散居儿童发病最多,占57.19%(175/306).临床上体温≥39℃占88.56%(271/306),患者以中、重型为多,占71.90%(220/306),随着年龄增大重型和极重型有增多的趋势.接种过乙脑疫苗占10.46%(32/306),家庭中有防蚊措施的占52.81%(47/89).临床病例血清学确诊率为63.33%(19/30). 结论 乙脑的防制策略,以农村2～6岁散居儿童为重点,采取防蚊灭蚊及全程足量接种乙脑疫苗,是控制乙脑发生和流行的有效措施.     

某空降兵部队人群健康行为的现况调查

目的 了解某空降兵部队人群健康相关行为的现况并探索其影响因素,为该人群健康促进及行为干预措施的拟定提供科学证据.方法 采用随机整群抽样法,选择某空降兵部队官兵1 300名,应用自行设计健康行为问卷(包括日常生活行为、卫生保健行为、驱避危险行为等指标)进行调查.结果 该人群吸烟率为42.0%,吸烟习惯与文化程度、军龄有关联;饮酒率为77.0%,饮酒习惯与原居住地为城镇地区有关;参加体育运动(平均每周运动3次以上、每次运动20 min以上者)为83.3%,超重者(体质量指数≥24 ks/m2)为11.9%;乘车时不主动系好安全带率为37.4%;不具备正规防火知识、野外生存技能知识和生命救护知识的人员率分别为67.7%、45.6%和81.0%.结论 该空降兵部队人群具有良好的运动行为,超重率较低.但其他健康行为的维持现状较差,其中驱避危险行为最为薄弱.     

贵阳社区老年人对老年痴呆症知晓现况调查及影响因素分析

目的：调查贵阳社区60岁以上老年人对老年痴呆症的知晓情况及影响因素。方法用“PPS”随机抽样方法获取调查对象,采用“问卷调查表”逐一面对面调查,通过秩和检验比较不同因素对老年痴呆症的主观认知、客观认知及对出现老年痴呆症症状后就医的态度等方面构成比的差异。结果主观认知方面：高龄、受教育水平低、有宗教信仰者及少数民族对老年痴呆症的知晓度低,不同性别对老年痴呆症的认知无统计学差异;客观认知方面：不同性别、年龄组、文化程度、有无宗教信仰及不同民族在老年痴呆症的客观认知上均无统计学差异;在就医的态度方面上述因素均无影响;在治疗的依从性方面,少数民族对治疗的依从性差,其他均无统计学差异。结论贵阳社区老年人对老年痴呆症的认知情况较差,需加强老年痴呆症科普知识的宣教,提高社区老年人对老年痴呆症的认识,便于更好地开展防治工作。     

国产注射用阿奇霉素杂质谱及其与成盐工艺相关性的考察

目的:考察国产不同成盐注射用阿奇霉素所含杂质谱情况,并对其工艺进行相关性评价。方法:以217批注射用阿奇霉素有关物质HPLC检验数据为基础,采用数理统计与化学计量学方法,对其杂质谱及与成盐工艺相关性进行考察,并通过加速实验验证考察结果。结果:所检样品中均检出阿奇霉素B(EP-B)和3′-去克拉定糖阿奇霉素(EP-J)杂质,且在不同厂家、不同成盐工艺产品中变化幅度较大,统计标准偏差(SD)分别达2.5和2.0;其他杂质还检出阿奇霉素-N-氧化物(EP-L)、氮红霉素(EP-A)。结论:目前国产注射用阿奇霉素中主要杂质为阿奇霉素-N-氧化物、3′-去克拉定糖阿奇霉素、氮红霉素和阿奇霉素B;氮红霉素和阿奇霉素B为工艺杂质,分别源于合成反应残留和起始原料红霉素中红霉素B残留;阿奇霉素-N-氧化物和3′-去克拉定糖阿奇霉素分别为阿奇霉素氧化和酸降解物,其中酸降解物为主要降解形式;不同厂家注射用阿奇霉素中所含杂质的种类、数目及水平均存在较大差异,且与其成盐工艺密切相关。     

茂名地区1967-2009年尘肺发病情况分析

objeotive To analyze the epidemic status of pneumoconiosis in Maoming from 1967 to 2009,and provide basis for prevention,control and treatment of pneumoconiosis.Methodt The data of pneumoconiosis in Maoming from 1967～2009 were collected and analyzed. Reaulta During 1967～2009,a total of 196 pneumoeoniosis cases were reported in Maoming,mainly the coal worker's pneumotoniosis(CWP),counting for 50.00%of the total number of ihcidenee;25.00%is silicosis.11 laneumoconiosis cflSes is infected with tuberculosis,10 is silicosis,1 is CWP.26 pneumoconiosis cases wIere prommoted,the average of promotion is 11.9 year.Conclusion The main pneumoconiosis disease is CWP and silicosis in Maoming.The prevention and control ofpneumoconiosis are the most important among the prevention countemeasures.     

干眼影响因素的临床分析

目的 分析干眼发病分布状况、相关危险因素和临床特点等,为干眼的预防和临床诊断治疗提供依据。方法 对眼科门诊112例干眼患者作问卷调查,并进行泪液分泌实验、泪膜破裂时间测定和角膜荧光素染色检查。结果 112例患者中男31例,女81例;干眼患者检出率随年龄增长呈上升趋势;长期局部应用滴眼药、过度用眼、慢性眼表疾病、结缔组织病、糖尿病等与干眼症发病密切相关。结论 干眼症的发生与性别、年龄等多种因素相关,预防性治疗对于干眼症状的缓解具有重要意义。     

Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors among Children with Intellectual Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study

To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in Chinese children with intellectual disability, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 558 children with intellectual disability aged 6–18 years in Hong Kong, and 452 (81.0%) with valid data were included in the data analysis. Blood pressure was measured according to a standard protocol. Hypertension was defined using the age-, gender-, and height-specific classification criteria recommended by the 2018 Chinese Guidelines for Children. Multivariate and hierarchical logistic regression was fitted to examine the associations of hypertension with potential risk factors. Overall, 31.4% of the participants were classified as having hypertension. Obese children were more likely to develop hypertension than non-obese children (adjusted OR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.28, 5.99, p = 0.010). A paternal education of college or above and a paternal occupation of clerks, sales representatives, and workers were also associated with an increased risk of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension is high among Chinese children with intellectual disability. Obesity was the strongest risk factor. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings. Nevertheless, preventions against obesity are promising to receive doubled benefits in reducing both obesity and hypertension, given its strong relationship with hypertension in this special population.