提高口腔组织病理学实验课教学质量的措施探讨

目的:口腔组织病理学是理论与实践密切结合的一门课程,实验教学在病理教学中占有重要地位.本研究旨在摸索一套行之有效的实验教学方法和模式,有效提升口腔组织病理学实验教学质量及学生观察、思维、分析和解决问题的能力.方法:教研室通过自编并及时更新《口腔组织病理学实验教学指导》,出版实验课辅导书《口腔组织病理学实验与理论教学彩色袖珍图谱》,增加病例样本量,提高及增加教学切片及示教片的质与量,运用互联网+的新教学模式,营造自主学习环境,以机考代替单纯切片考试,建立新的实验课考核评价方法等一系列措施,打造全方位、多层次、立体化的实验教学模式.结果:学生对实验教学改革给予高度肯定,所采取的措施在丰富教学内容、激发学习兴趣、促进自主学习等方面起到了积极作用.机考在检验学生掌握专业知识的系统性及全面性方面显著优于传统考试(P＜0.05).结论:多举措并举有效提高了《口腔组织病理学》实验课的教学质量,使学生面对纷繁复杂的疾病有一个思路清晰、富有逻辑的思考,将学过的各科理论知识充分融会贯通.     

Investigation of the Dynamic Stiffness of Poroelastic and Asphalt Concrete Layers under In Situ and Laboratory Conditions

Compounds with lower dynamic stiffness are a better solution from the tyre/road noise point of view. The article presents the constructed test stand for the evaluation of dynamic stiffness both in in situ and in laboratory conditions. As a result of the tests, it was found that poroelastic pavements have a much lower dynamic stiffness (from 138.3 to 143.0 dB re. 1 N/m) compared to the asphalt concrete pavement (150.3 dB re. 1 N/m). In the group of poroelastic pavements, lower dynamic stiffness is characteristic for pavements with a binder course of porous asphalt. The results of the research are a contribution to further work on the influence of the dynamic stiffness of the pavements on the tyre/road noise level. The conducted measurements and analysis of the results prove the usefulness of the proposed test stand for determining the dynamic stiffness of bituminous mixtures in laboratory and field conditions. This is confirmed by the coherence between the force and acceleration signals at the level of at least 0.96—which indicates a very good validation of the test results with a random error lower than ±5% with 90% confidence level.     

长期低剂量罗红霉素治疗慢性鼻窦炎

目的观察长期低剂量罗红霉素治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效.方法对53例慢性鼻窦炎患者应用低剂量罗红霉素治疗,3、6个月后分别观察其症状,鼻内镜及鼻窦CT检查、鼻窦黏膜病理改善情况,同时检测治疗前后的糖精传输时间(ST).结果3、6个月后66.0%、71.7%鼻腔通气改善,64.1%、75.5%鼻涕量减少;75.0%、83.3%头痛减轻;31.6%、36.8%嗅觉改善;54.8%、69.0%鼻内镜检查好转;61.7%、68.1%CT扫描较用药前改善;41.7%、58.3%病理检查示鼻窦黏膜炎症减轻.平均ST治疗前为35.5±6.3 min,用药3个月后为27.8±6.6 min,6个月后为24.7±7.1 min.结论长期低剂量应用罗红霉素对治疗慢性鼻窦炎有较好的疗效.     

Comparing orthodontic undergraduate student satisfaction with teaching in Leeds,UK and Marburg,Germany

A questionnaire was used to compare undergraduate student satisfaction with orthodontic teaching in two units; one in Leeds, UK, the other in Marburg, Germany. Whilst the methods of teaching differed between the units, the aim was to highlight aspects of both courses which students might wish to see improved. Statistical analysis suggested that students appreciate clarity of course structure and means of assessment and that use of a course manual is helpful in achieving this. Recommended texts to back-up course work are also appreciated whilst students from both locations, want to see more patients. Alternatives, such as patient case folders, computer-assisted learning packages and use of videos showing treatment progression, seem to be acceptable alternatives should there be difficulty in supplying “real” patients. The relevance of laboratory courses needs to be reviewed. Overall, the use of student questionnaires is seen as a useful tool in monitoring standards of teaching.     

Estimation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation in individuals aged ≥ 65 years using electronic health registries; a pilot study in four EU/EEA countries,October 2021 to March 2022

By employing a common protocol and data from electronic health registries in Denmark, Navarre (Spain), Norway and Portugal, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalisation due to COVID-19 in individuals aged ≥ 65 years old, without previous documented infection, between October 2021 and March 2022. VE was higher in 65–79-year-olds compared with ≥ 80-year-olds and in those who received a booster compared with those who were primary vaccinated. VE remained high (ca 80%) between ≥ 12 and < 24 weeks after the first booster administration, and after Omicron became dominant.     

A decade of spontaneous long-term course of psychogenic impairment in a community population sample

Background: Our epidemiological study demonstrates the spontaneous long-term course of predominantly psychosocially influenced (“psychogenic”) disorders (neurotic spectrum disorders, personality disorders, stress reactions and somatoform disorders) in a representative community sample of the normal adult population of Mannheim, an industrial and university town in Germany. The natural spontaneous course of these disorders in a population sample over a long period remains largely unknown. Method: Beginning in 1979 (n _t1 = 600) a random population sample was investigated three times over a mean period of approximately 11 years. The last follow-up study ended in 1994 (n _t3 = 301). The follow-up sample was representative of the t1 sample. Psychodynamically trained and clinically experienced interviewers used a semi-structured interview and standardized clinical and psychometric instruments. Psychogenic impairment was assessed using a standardized expert rating (Impairment Score, IS). Results: The mean sum-score of psychogenic impairment after 11 years exceeded the value at t1. The case rate (point prevalence, ICD diagnosis + clinical cut-off/IS) increased from 21.6% at t1 to 26.2% at t3 in the investigated follow-up sample. Intra-individual correlation of psychogenic impairment between t1 and t3 was high (r = 0.55). We found strong evidence for an unfavorable long-term course of psychogenic impairment and only a weak tendency (23.1%) for spontaneous remission of clinically relevant psychogenic impairment. Within a regression model clinical variables, childhood development conditions and personality traits at t1 predicted psychogenic impairment at t3. Conclusion: All clinical variables conclusively indicate an unfavorable spontaneous long-term course of psychogenic impairment. Together with the well-known high prevalence of psychogenic disorders in the normal population, this underlines the need for early therapeutic and preventive intervention. Accepted: 20 August 1999     

皮肤性病学信息化网络课程的建设与应用

利用信息化技术,结合皮肤性病学教学特点,将传统的"看图识病"融入信息资源库建设,并着眼于临床实践需要,在网络建设过程中,特别重视自我测试和互动交流平台的搭建。提高网络课程的质量,吸引医学生的参与,从而创新人才培养的方式,提高医学教学效果。     

The predictive validity of subjective adherence measures in patients with schizophrenia

Despite frequent use of subjective adherence measures in patients with schizophrenia as well as other chronic conditions, there are several reports that question the validity of these instruments. Three well known, representative subjective measures are the Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ), the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI), and the Compliance Rating Scale (CRS). In this study we explored the predictive validity of these instruments in a European sample of 119 stabilized outpatients with schizophrenia. Clinical outcome variables were relapse and admission to a psychiatric hospital during a follow‐up period of 12 months. Results indicate that the predictive validity of all three measures was poor. The MAQ was the least problematic predictor for relapse (Nagelkerke R² = 0.09), and time to relapse (R² = 0.07) and had the best sensitivity for relapse (63.6%) as well as admission (87.5%). The MAQ and CRS were both moderate predictive for admission (Nagelkerke R² = 0.21, and R² = 0.29). We conclude that the validity of the instruments studied here is questionable and have limited clinical relevance. Given the feasibility and ease of most subjective instruments, researchers may be tempted to use them but should be aware of the serious drawbacks of these instruments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.