儿童肾病综合征患者血小板和血浆von Willebrand因子的变化

目的：观察儿童肾病综合征患者血小板计数和血浆von Willebrand因子的变化,方法,采用ELISA法检测58例NS患儿血浆vWF及血小板计数,并与正常对照组进行比较,结果：NS患儿vwF水平及血小板计数均明显高于正常对照组,两组有显著性差异（P＜0．01）,结论,血浆vWF与血小板计同步升高与NS患儿的高凝状态及血栓形成有一定的关系。     

大学生饮酒情况和相关问题的调查

①目的　了解大学生饮酒情况及相关问题。②方法　采用整群抽样调查方法 ,使用自行设计的调查问卷 ,调查了 16 2 4例 18～ 2 2岁的大学生饮酒情况及其相关的社会、心理和躯体问题。③结果　 16 2 4例大学生中有 82 9例饮酒 ,饮酒率为 5 1.1% ,男生饮酒率为 78.8% ,女生饮酒率为 2 4.1% ,男生饮酒率明显高于女生 ,差异有极显著意义 (χ2 =486 .36 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ;饮酒引起的与躯体损害有关的疾病以消化道疾病为主 ;饮酒的原因除了自身的因素外 ,家庭和社会因素起着重要作用。饮酒组学生的学习成绩低于非饮酒组。④结论　饮酒影响了大学生心身健康和学习成绩     

Early Identification of Patient Satisfaction Two Years After Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundThere are numerous reports of poor satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), yet there is little known about when to use evidence-based models of care to improve patient outcomes.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize longitudinal changes in patient-reported satisfaction after TKA and to identify factors for early identification of poor satisfaction.MethodsFor a cohort of primary TKA surgeries (n = 86), patient-reported outcomes were captured one week before TKA and 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 and 2 years after TKA. “Satisfied” versus “not fully satisfied” patients were defined using a binary response (≥90 vs <90) from a 100-point scale. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests identified changes in satisfaction between follow-up times, and longitudinal analyses examined demographic and questionnaire factors associated with satisfaction.ResultsImprovements in satisfaction occurred within the first 6 months after TKA (P ≤ 0.01). Preoperative patient-reported outcome measures alone were not predictive of satisfaction. Key factors that improved longitudinal satisfaction included higher Oxford Knee Scores (odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, P < .001), general health (EQ-VAS, OR = 1.3, P = .03), and less visual analog scale pain (VAS; OR = 1.7, P < .001). Differences in these factors between satisfied and not fully satisfied patients were identified as early as 6 weeks after surgery.ConclusionVisibly different satisfaction profiles were captured among satisfied and not fully satisfied patient responses, with differences in patient-perceived joint function, general health, and pain severity occurring as early as 6 weeks after surgery. This study provides metrics to support early identification of patients at risk of poor TKA satisfaction, enabling clinicians to apply timely targeted treatment and support interventions, with the aim of improving patient outcomes.     

Measuring physician practice site characteristics: A comparison of data from SK&A and a practice site survey

ObjectiveTo evaluate the comparability of commercially available practice site data from SK&A with survey data to understand the implications of using SK&A data for health services research.Data sourcesResponses to the Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+) Practice Survey and SK&A data.Study designComparison of CPC + Practice Survey responses to SK&A information for 2698 primary care practice sites.Data collectionCPC + Practice Survey data collected through a web‐only survey from April through September 2017, and SK&A data purchased in November 2016.Principal findingsInformation was similar across data sources, although some discrepancies were common. For example, 56% of practice sites had differences in the reported number of practitioners, and larger sites tended to have larger differences. Among practice sites with 1 practitioner in the survey, only 1.3% had a difference of 3 or more practitioners between the data sources, whereas 63% of practice sites with 11 or more practitioners had a difference of 3 or more practitioners.ConclusionsDiscrepancies between data sources could reflect differences of interpretation when defining practice site characteristics, changes over time in those characteristics, or data errors in either SK&A or the survey. Researchers using SK&A data should consider possible ramifications for their studies.     

Sampling‐based estimation for massive survival data with additive hazards model

For massive survival data, we propose a subsampling algorithm to efficiently approximate the estimates of regression parameters in the additive hazards model. We establish consistency and asymptotic normality of the subsample‐based estimator given the full data. The optimal subsampling probabilities are obtained via minimizing asymptotic variance of the resulting estimator. The subsample‐based procedure can largely reduce the computational cost compared with the full data method. In numerical simulations, our method has low bias and satisfactory coverage probabilities. We provide an illustrative example on the survival analysis of patients with lymphoma cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.     

Mendelian randomization analysis with survival outcomes

Mendelian randomization (MR) is an established approach for assessing the causal effects of heritable exposures on outcomes. Outcomes of interest often include binary clinical endpoints, but may also include censored survival times. We explore the implications of both the Cox proportional hazard model and the additive hazard model in the context of MR, with a specific emphasis on two‐stage methods. We show that naive application of standard MR approaches to censored survival times may induce significant bias. Through simulations and analysis of data from the Women's Health Initiative, we provide practical advice on modeling survival outcomes in MRs.     

Development of a composite indicator to prioritize districts for implementation of human immunodeficiency virus programmes in Maharashtra,India

A key recommendation of the National AIDS Control Programme‐IV of India was to develop new strategies for geo‐prioritization of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. We conducted this study to categorize the districts in Maharashtra (India) based on a multidimensional framework for geo‐prioritization of services. Programmatic data on trends of HIV prevalence, coverage of marginalized populations and vulnerability factors were included. A composite indicator based on these was developed, and the cumulative score was calculated for each district. HIV prevalence among general population has declined steadily from 0.60% in 2007 to 0.33% in 2017. The programme coverage was stable but inadequate for men who have sex with men (MSM). The coverage for female sex workers (FSWs) was inadequate and reduced over time. Nine districts were categorized as high priority, 13 as moderate priority and 11 were classified as low‐priority districts based on burden and vulnerability for HIV. The high‐priority districts were Pune, Solapur and Yavatmal for FSW interventions and Pune, Thane and Latur for MSM interventions. This multidimensional indicator is based on existing programmatic data, dynamic and can be made state‐specific. It is useful to categorize and prioritize districts for allocation of resources and geo‐prioritization of services in resource limited settings.     

医疗服务价格调整对公立医院收入结构的影响研究——基于成分数据分析方法

目的基于三级甲等公立医院运营数据,分析医疗服务价格调整对医院收入结构的影响。方法引入成分数据分析方法,利用浙江省12家三级甲等公立医院(综合医院7家、中医类医院2家、专科医院3家) 2019年1—7月收入结构数据模拟无政策干预下8—12月数据,比较实际数据与模拟数据的差异。结果调价后综合医院、中医类医院和专科医院的医疗服务收入占比分别提高了4.77、4.01和2.54个百分点,检验和检查收入占比分别减少了0.60、0.78和2.94个百分点。综合性医院和中医类医院的药占比降低了1.87和5.29个百分点。各类医院服务收入增加了10 890.14万元,药品收入减少了6 521.79万元,检验检查收入减少了3 065.96万元。结论医疗服务价格调整政策提高了服务收入占比,降低了物耗性收入占比。下一步需建立医疗服务价格动态调整机制,继续控制医疗费用不合理增长,并关注不同类型医院收入结构的差异。