基于系统输出分布的智能控制

提出了文题所述的控制策略,依据输出分布曲线的特征变量选取方法和依据该项信息的规则控制系统。仿真研究得到了满意的结果。在一个实验性二元精馏塔上用IBM-PC进行试验亦获成功。本法对具有非线性特性的分布参数对象,较常规控制策略有明显的优越性。     

控制性降压在临床麻醉中的应用进展

控制性低血压是指在某些手术麻醉期间，用药物等方法降低血压，以达到减少手术野出血，便于手术操作的一种方法，通常采用血管扩张剂，钙通道阻断剂及麻醉来控制血压，现就这一领域的研究进展作一综述。     

国产ELISA试剂盒应用于兴奋剂控制中的hCG检测

本文介绍用国产酶免定量药盒测定血、尿样中ｈＣＧ含量的一种ＥＬＩＳＡ方法。该方法特异性好、经济可靠而且简便快捷，适用于运动员尿样的兴奋剂检测。文中还报道了该方法应用于测定两例志愿者注射ｈＣＧ后的血、尿样及国际奥委会医学委员会１９９４年水平考试和１９９５年资格复试ｈＣＧ阳性尿样的结果，并讨论了测得值与其它试剂盒测定结果的差异及原因。     

Integration of new regulatory strategies into the network of an endocrine control system: limitation of androgen secretion by rat testis is achieved by substrate-dependent modulation of P450XVII enzyme concentration and catalytic efficiency.

In addition to the well-known control circuits involved in the regulation and adaptation of testicular androgen biosynthesis, it is proposed that two new control strategies are involved in the maintenance of steady-state testosterone secretion rates by testicular Leydig cells. Cytochrome P450XVII (steroid-17 alpha-monooxygenase/steroid-17,20-lyase), one key enzyme in steroid hormone biosynthesis, responds to external human choriogonadotropin stimulation with an oxygen-dependent and substrate flux-dependent inactivation and decomposition, and increased substrate availability decreases the efficiency of androgen formation in favour of abortive intermediate leakage. These results are discussed as a paradigm of substrate-dependent modulation of cytochrome P450 activities.     

Temporary closure of the abdominal wall (laparostomy)

The definitive closure of the abdominal wall, i.e., a closure of the fascial layer and skin may not be favorable in the treatment of numerous surgical conditions, e.g., peritonitis, trauma, or mesenteric ischemia. In these cases, the abdominal wall is temporarily closed, and a laparostomy is created to facilitate re-exploration or to prevent abdominal compartment syndrome. Regarding the technique and material used for the temporary closure, no prospective randomized data exists, but mesh materials are commonly used. They provide drainage of infectious material, permit visual control of the underlying viscera, facilitate access to the abdominal wall, preserve the fascial margin, enable healing by secondary intention, and allow mobilization of the patient. In the case of decreasing intra-abdominal pressure, meshes can be trimmed to centralize the rectus muscle and to facilitate definitive closure. Non-absorbable meshes have been frequently reported to cause enteric fistulae and persistent infection necessitating mesh explantation. While these infectious complications appear to occur less frequently with the use of absorbable materials, these meshes will finally lead to an incisional hernia, requiring repair with non-absorbable mesh after a period of 6–12 months. Nevertheless, in the complex situation requiring a temporary abdominal wall closure, use of absorbable mesh material is common and represents the state of the art. Electronic Publication     

What is the HACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) approach and how can it be applied to enteral tube feeding?

The HACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) concept is now widely applied in the food industry and provides a structured and critical approach to the identification and control of hazards that may affect food safety. It has shifted the emphasis for control from retrospective end-product testing to the effective control of raw materials and key processing operations.
This paper discusses how the HACCP approach can be applied to enteral feeding. This involves each unit assembling a multidisciplinary team of personnel involved in enteral feeding. This team will then carry out a detailed analysis of the process from selection of ingredients and feeding systems through to consumption of the feed by the patient by constructing a flow chart that relates specifically to each unit. They can then identify and assess the hazards associated with the handling of the product at each stage in the process. This will enable them to identify the points where control over an identified hazard can be achieved (critical control points, CCP) such as quality of ingredients, design of administration systems, preparation and distribution of the feeds and the procedures involved in the assembly and manipulation of the systems. Control and monitoring procedures can then be specified and implemented at relevant stages in the process. The major strengths of the HACCP procedure are that it entails a team effort from key personnel involved in the full range of activities associated with the product and each detailed analysis is specific to each unit's practices and resources and can be continually reviewed and modified in response to changing circumstances.     

温州地区近6年907例精神病司法鉴定案例分析

目的　探讨近 6年精神病司法鉴定案例的特征。方法　对浙江温州鹿城精神病医院1998～ 1999年 (A组 ) 2 0 2例 ,2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年 (B组 ) 36 8例 ,2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3年 (C组 ) 337例进行对照研究。结果　近 6年 ,女性和无业构成比上升 (P <0 .0 1)。责任能力评定下降 ,服刑能力、民事行为能力评定上升 (P <0 .0 1)。精神损伤评定构成比上升 (P <0 .0 5 )。诊断为精神分裂症、情感性精神病逐年上升(P <0 .0 1)。无责任能力评定上升 (P <0 .0 1) ,完全责任能力评定下降 (P <0 .0 1)。法院委托鉴定上升 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　近 6年中精神病司法学呈现不同的特点 ,并逐步向规范化、法规化迈进 ,服务范围和对象将会扩大     

使用电力载波技术实现中央控制电子钟

本文应用电力载波技术，实现远端时钟的中央控制。系统通过电力载波芯片从电力线上收发控制信号，中央控制端发送的时钟校准信号到电力线网络，接人网络的远端时钟接收到校准信号后，由微处理器解析数据调整受控端时钟显示，从而实现时钟的中央控制。     

Direct solution to an optimal control problem of econometric systems

A direct solution is proposed to an optimal control problem of linear econometric systems with a quadratic welfare loss function when there are linear equality constraints on the control variables. The direct solution proposed here eliminates the problem of non-uniqueness of the optimal solution, which is present when this optimal control problem is solved using the recursive algorithm proposed by Chow,¹ Pindyck² and Tan.³ If a unique solution to the optimal control problem exists, then the direct solution and the recursive solution coincide.