血流频谱分析在乳腺肿块鉴别诊断中的价值

目的：检验血流频谱分析在鉴别乳腺原发性肿块良恶性方面的价值并确立最佳的数值标准。方法：使用彩色多普勒血流显像和能量多普勒显像分别引导脉冲多普勒频谱分析，检查了１０４例乳腺原发性包块（良性５５例６３个病灶，恶性４９例６４个病灶），测量指标包括肿块周边与内部血流收缩期峰速、搏动指数及阻力指数，并分别绘制受试者工作曲线确定各自的最佳阈值。结果，以ＣＤＦＩ状态取频谱，乳癌病灶周边及内部血流的平均ＰＳＶ，Ｐ     

中医五色理论在现代色彩心理学及疗法中的佐证初探

[目的]探讨中医五色理论在现代色彩心理学及色彩疗法方面的证据。[方法]以中医五脏生理功能为线索,结合现代色彩心理学及色彩疗法,对中医五色理论在视觉刺激方面的应用加以探讨。[结果]现代色彩心理学理论以及色彩疗法,在很大程度上为中医五色理论在视觉刺激方面的应用提供了有力的证据。[结论]对根据中医理论辨证施以中医色彩疗法的探讨与研究具有相当的可行性与必要性。     

The efficacy of sports vision practice and its role in clinical optometry*

For years it has been recognised that many sports place demands on vision and particular visual skills. There is much evidence to show that the correction of visual dysfunction such as ametropia and binocular and accommodative anomalies results in improved sporting performance for those sports. More controversial and of special interest is the suggestion that it is possible to train visual abilities of subjects who do not present with traditionally recognised functional disorders of vision. It has been proposed that sporting performance can be improved as a result of this training. However, this review found the evidence to be inconclusive. In addition, there are studies that suggest athletes have better visual abilities than non-athletes and good athletes have better abilities than less skilled athletes. However, it has not been determined whether these superior abilities are innate to the athlete or have developed through practice. A review of the available literature was unable to prove (or disprove) either of these proposals. However, there appears to be enough evidence to warrant further investigation of these questions, in order that the area of sports vision and vision training can be more fully understood. This will enable clinicians to take full advantage of the potential of sports vision practice to assist athletes. (Clin Exp Optom 1995; 78: 3: 98–105)     

移植肾彩色多普勒血流超声与肾穿刺活检的对照研究

将彩色多普勒血流超声与移植肾活检结果相对照。评价无创性ＣＤＦＩ对移植肾排异反应的诊断价值。结果：不同病理状态下移植肾的阻力指数有所不同。急性排异和慢性排异反应组的ＲＩ值明显高于正常组。两次肾活检提示由急性排异转为慢性排异反应的同一患者，ＣＤＦＩ的动态观察显示，ＲＩ值明显增高。     

Frequency Doubling Technology perimetry and standard automated perimetry in migraine

The literature suggests that visual field defects may be more common in people who experience migraine. The Humphrey frequency doubling (FDT) visual field instrument selectively examines the magnocellular visual pathway, but has not previously been used to investigate visual function in migraine. In a masked controlled study we compared Humphrey FDT and Humphrey Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm fields of 25 migraine sufferers with 25 age- and gender-matched controls. Although both mean deviation and pattern standard deviation were a little worse in the migraine group, these differences did not reach statistical significance. There were no inter-eye visual field differences in the migraine group compared with controls. Comparing the mean of all the contrast thresholds in each hemisphere, there were no more inter-hemifield visual field differences in the migraine group compared with controls. There was no significant difference between the migraine and control groups in intra-ocular pressures. The visual field parameters were not correlated with the interval since the last migraine headache, the severity of migraine headache, the duration of migraine headache or the number of migraine headaches per annum. In our data, there was no evidence of visual field deficits, a magnocellular deficit, or indications of glaucomatous pathology.     

高频彩超对颈部淋巴结囊性病变的诊断价值

①目的探讨高频彩超对颈部淋巴结囊性病变的诊断价值。②方法回顾性分析25例颈部淋巴结囊性病变的高频彩超表现。③结果颈部淋巴结囊性病变见于颈淋巴结囊性转移瘤、化脓性淋巴结炎及淋巴结结核。其中13例为颈部淋巴结囊性转移瘤，其特征性超声表现为颈部淋巴结囊性肿大，伴囊壁实性结节；较大囊壁结节内常可探及动脉血流信号，部分囊壁结节可见微钙化。7例为颈部急性化脓性淋巴结炎，其主要超声表现为上颈部淋巴结呈单发、圆形囊性肿大；囊壁略厚，且较均匀；囊液呈细密点状回声。5例为颈部淋巴结干酪脓肿型结核，其主要超声表现为单侧或双侧中下颈部淋巴结呈多发、椭圆形囊性肿大，部分可融合成团；内壁毛糙，囊液内散在分布点状高回声。④结论高频彩超检查对颈部淋巴结囊性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

Search for coloured objects in natural surroundings by people with abnormal colour vision

Background: People with abnormal colour vision often report difficulty seeing coloured berries and flowers in foliage, which suggests they will have a diminished capacity for visual search when target objects are marked out by colour. There is very little experimental evidence of the effect of abnormal colour vision on visual search and none relating to search for objects in natural foliage. Method: We showed 79 subjects with abnormal colour vision (seven protanopes, 10 deuteranopes, 16 protanomals and 46 deuteranomals) and 20 subjects with normal colour vision photographs of natural scenes and asked them to locate clumps of red berries, to trace the length of a red string on grass and to name the season depicted in a photograph taken in the Autumn and the same scene photographed in the Summer. Colour vision was assessed using the Ishihara, the Medmont C100, the Farnsworth D15, the Richmond HRR and the Nagel anomaloscope. Results: All the subjects with abnormal colour vision located fewer clumps of red berries than those with normal colour vision. The subjects who failed the Farnsworth D15 performed significantly worse than those who passed but the distribution of scores in the two groups overlaps. The majority of subjects with abnormal colour vision could not trace the full length of the string: only 38 per cent of anomalous trichromats who passed the Farnsworth D15 test and three per cent of those who failed it were able to trace the full length of the string. Fifty‐five per cent of those classed as having a mild deficiency by the HRR test could trace the whole string. Most dichromats were unable to identify the Autumn season and those who did may have been assisted by guessing. Most (94 per cent) of those who passed the Farnsworth D15 test and all those classified as having a ‘mild’ deficiency by the HRR test could identify the season. Conclusions: All people with abnormal colour vision, even those with a very mild deficiency, have some degree of impairment of their ability to see coloured objects in natural surroundings. A pass at the Farnsworth D15 test or a ‘mild’ classification with the Richmond HRR test identifies those likely to have the least problems with visual search and identification tasks. The results have practical implications for the selection of personnel in occupations that involve visual search in natural terrain.     

彩色多普勒超声图指导风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术91例

目的：应用彩色多普勒超声心动图指导经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术(PBMV)治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的价值、方法：运用彩超对行PBMV的患进行术前术后检查，观察二尖瓣钙化程度及部位、开口形状、瓣口面积、二尖瓣返流(MR)程度、瓣下病变、左房左室大小、左房有无血栓．结果：91例PBMV术后患中，术后MR72例，其中MR新出现19例，MR加重8例、与术前对比，术后二尖瓣开放幅度、二尖瓣口面积、二尖瓣跨瓣压、二尖瓣压差半降时间较术前有明显改善趋势，左房内径、肺动脉内径较术前有缩小趋势．同时，术后左房压、右室压及肺动脉压也有下降趋势。结论：彩超能明确PBMV治疗二尖瓣狭窄的效果。影响：PBMV效果的因素较多，但二尖瓣钙化的程度、部位和瓣膜形态较为重要。     

经直肠彩色多普勒诊断良性前列腺增生37例

目的：探讨经直肠彩色多普勒超声对良性前列腺增生的诊断价值。方法：采用经直肠彩色多普勒对37例良性前列腺增生患者进行检查，测量大小，计算体积，并按前列腺重量分成四组，测定、分析增生内腺动脉的血液动力学参数。分组评价增生内腺的彩色血流图。结果：随前列腺重量的增加，增生内腺血流分布逐渐增加，血流的最大流度(Vmax)、血流最低流速(Vmin)、血流阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)逐渐增加。结论：经直肠彩色多普勒检查有助于临床对前列腺增生的准确诊断。