Cephalometric pharyngeal changes after Le Fort I osteotomy in different types of clefts

Fifty patients with clefts (30 unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), 9 bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), and 11 cleft palate only (CP), mean age 25 years) treated with Le Fort I osteotomy were compared retrospectively from cephalograms taken shortly before operation, and at six months and one year postoperatively. Patients with bimaxillary surgery or previous velopharyngoplasty, or both, were excluded. Maxillary advancement was moderate in all groups. One year postoperatively there was a significant change (73%–90% of the surgical advancement) in the sagittal depth of the nasopharyngeal airway but not in the depth of the oropharyngeal airway, the length of the soft palate or the position of the hyoid bone. The nasopharyngeal airway was largest in the CP group both preoperatively and postoperatively. Eleven patients (7 CP, 4 UCLP) had a velopharyngoplasty after the osteotomy to improve their speech. There was no difference in the nasopharyngeal airway in the patients treated by velopharyngoplasty compared with those not so treated, but they seemed to have the shortest maxillas and the greatest surgical changes vertically.     

Perceptual analysis of speech and the activity in the lateral pharyngeal walls before and after velopharyngeal flap surgery

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of velopharyngeal flap surgery on speech and its relation with the activity in the lateral pharyngeal wall. Videofluoroscopic recordings made before and after operation were used in this retrospective study, which comprised 28 patients who had pharyngeal flap surgery between 5:5 and 14:3 (mean 8:6) years:months of age at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Twenty-four patients had different types of clefts and four had velopharyngeal impairment (VPI) without a cleft palate. Eleven had additional malformations. Speech and activity in the lateral pharyngeal walls were rated perceptually preoperatively and postoperatively. The study confirmed that patients with VPI can be helped by a velopharyngeal flap operation. There seemed to be a relation with the activity in the lateral pharyngeal wall and speech. The later the postoperative assessment, the better the speech, but the age at operation did not affect the result. The impact of additional anomalies and syndromes should be investigated further.     

骨劈开、牙槽嵴扩张结合GBR技术同期上颌前牙区种植的临床效果

目的：探讨骨劈开、牙槽嵴扩张结合GBR技术同期上颌前牙区种植的临床效果。方法便利选取2011年1月—2015年6月该院收治的96例上前牙种植区剩余骨量不足的患者采用骨劈开、牙槽嵴扩张结合GBR技术治疗,1年随访后评定治疗效果。结果术后初期、术后3个月、术后1年牙槽骨高度分别为(10.25±1.19)、(9.35±1.24)、(9.15±1.19)mm,ISQ分别为(76.88±4.51)、(91.88±4.91)、(92.98±2.19)。种植前牙槽骨唇腭向平均宽度为(3.2±0.3)mm,、治疗后平均增加骨量、牙槽骨唇腭向平均宽度分别为(4.4±0.1)、(7.5±0.2)mm。修复后1个月、修复后3个月、修复后1年满意度评分分别为(72.2±5.1)分、(90.4±5.3)分、(92.4±7.3)分。术后3个月和术后初期的牙槽骨宽度、牙槽骨高度比较结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但术后1年与之相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);种植后牙槽骨唇腭向平均宽度和平均增加骨量与种植前相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1年的满意度评分、种植体稳定性评分与术后初期进行统计比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论骨劈开、牙槽嵴扩张结合GBR技术同期上颌前牙区种植可取的理想的短期治疗效果,但需进一步观察和评定远期疗效。     

Correlations between initial cleft size and dental anomalies in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients after alveolar bone grafting

Objective To determine in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate the correlation between initial cleft size and dental anomalies, and the outcome of alveolar bone grafting.

Methods A total of 67 consecutive patients with non-syndromic unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) were included from the cleft lip and palate-craniofacial center, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. All patients were operated by the same surgeon and treated according to the Uppsala protocol entailing: lip plasty at 3 months, soft palate closure at 6 months, closure of the residual cleft in the hard palate at 2 years of age, and secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) prior to the eruption of the permanent canine. Cleft size was measured on dental casts obtained at the time of primary lip plasty. Dental anomalies were registered on radiographs and dental casts obtained before bone grafting. Alveolar bone height was evaluated with the Modified Bergland Index (mBI) at 1 and 10-year follow-up.

Results Anterior cleft width correlated positively with enamel hypoplasia and rotation of the central incisor adjacent to the cleft. There was, however, no correlation between initial cleft width and alveolar bone height at either 1 or 10 years follow-up.

Conclusions Wider clefts did not seem to have an impact on the success of secondary alveolar bone grafting but appeared to be associated with a higher degree of some dental anomalies. This finding may have implications for patient counseling and treatment planning.     

Shh信号通路变化对小鼠胚胎腭突间充质细胞自噬的影响

目的：探讨地塞米松（dexamethasone,DEX）及平滑激动剂（smoothened agonist,SAG）干预下小鼠胚胎腭突间充质细胞Shh信号通路改变后,小鼠胚胎腭突间充质细胞自噬状态的变化。方法：体外培养胚胎14.5 d的C57BL/6J小鼠胚胎腭突间充质细胞,根据干预方式分为4组：对照组、地塞米松组（DEX组）、地塞米松+SAG组（DEX+SAG组）、单独SAG干预组（SAG组）。通过透射电镜观察各组细胞自噬体或自噬溶酶体的数量,Western blot检测各组Shh、Ptch1、Smo、Gli3A/R、Cyclin D1及自噬标志物LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ和P62、Beclin-1的表达情况。结果：电镜结果显示,对照组和DEX组中自噬体/自噬溶酶体的数量无明显差异,而SAG干预后可观察到大量自噬体/自噬溶酶体。Western blot结果显示,与对照组相比,P62、Ptch1、Smo、Gli3A/R、CyclinD1在DEX组中明显降低（P<0.05）,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、Beclin1表达无明显变化（P>0.05）;DEX+SAG组及SAG组中Ptch1、Smo、Gli3...     

中国人群细胞黏附相关基因多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂的关联研究

目的：研究北京市颗粒物污染对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重（acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD）的影响,并分析颗粒物污染对不同特征人群的影响差异。方法：从国家卫生与计划生育委员会医疗管理服务指导中心获取北京市2014年至2015年三甲医院AECOPD患者的住院资料,从中国空气质量监测平台获取同期大气污染资料,从中国气象局获取同期气象资料。采用广义相加Poisson回归模型,在控制长期趋势、周效应、节假日效应、气象条件等混杂因素后,评估PM2.5、PM10对AECOPD住院人次的影响。根据患者不同特征（性别、年龄）进行亚组分析,确定颗粒物污染的高危人群。结果：纳入15家医院,共7 884例住院患者,男女比例2.3 ∶1,65~79岁患者最多（45.5%）、≥80岁（37.1%）次之、<65岁（17.4%）最少。PM2.5、PM10日均浓度分别为（77.1±66.6） μg/m3、（111.9±75.8） μg/m3,两者均在移动平均滞后4 d时对AECOPD的影响最大,即PM2.5日均浓度每增加10 μg/m3,AECOPD住院人次增加0.53%（95%CI：0.01%~1.06%,P=0.0478）, PM10日均浓度每增加10 μg/m3,AECOPD住院人次增加0.53%（95%CI：0.07%~1.00%,P=0.025 0）。亚组分析结果显示,PM2.5、PM10日均浓度每增加10 μg/m3,女性患者住院人次分别增加1.13%（95%CI：0.19%~2.07%,P=0.018 3）、1.06%（95%CI：0.22%~1.91%,P=0.013 6）;≥80岁患者住院人次分别增加1.25%（95%CI：0.40%~2.11%,P=0.004 0）、1.18%（95%CI：0.42%~1.95%,P=0.002 4）;而男性、<65岁、65~79岁患者中,PM2.5、PM10与AECOPD的关联无统计学意义。由此可见,女性、≥80岁患者对颗粒物污染更敏感。结论：颗粒物污染会增加AECOPD住院风险,且女性、年老者风险更高。     

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牙槽突裂植骨术已成为唇腭裂序列治疗中必不可少的一个环节,但其术后的评价目前还没有一个统一的标准。自从1986年Bergland提出牙槽突植骨分级标准以来,得到了全世界唇腭裂序列治疗专家们的广泛认可。但随着现代医疗技术的发展,尤其是三维CT技术的发展,为牙槽突植骨分级提供了更好、更新标准的可能。牙槽突植骨的评价不应只在二维X线片的基础上,应该建立在三维CT的基础上。因为牙槽突植骨是在一个有一定立体的空间内进行的。所以,牙槽突植骨的评价应该是三维空间的一个完整的评价。目前中国学者在这一方面已经做了一些良好的尝试。     

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牙槽突裂是唇腭裂患者常并发的上颌牙槽部骨缺损,目前的治疗仍以自体骨移植修复为主,但自体骨移植会造成取骨处术后疼痛、皮肤瘢痕、术后活动受限、供骨区意外损伤或术后感染等并发症的发生,从而使患者承担较大的额外风险,更主要的是自体取骨会给患者及其亲人增加巨大的精神负担,而常不易被患者接受。随着牙槽突裂植骨修复术的逐渐普及,采用人工材料代替自体骨移植修复牙槽突裂的研究逐渐受到大家的关注,本文就牙槽突裂修复材料的种类、机制及效果进行分析比较,并提出人工材料最终代替自体骨修复牙槽突裂是未来发展的方向。     

自体鼻中隔软骨、耳软骨移植修复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形

目的:分析单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的发生机制,观察鼻中隔软骨、耳软骨对单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的矫治效果,从而探讨理想的修复方法。方法:根据患者的临床特点,选取轻度单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形患者作为研究对象,采用自体鼻中隔软骨、耳软骨二期修复鼻畸形。结果:本组患者共12例,随访时间1～6个月,临床矫治效果良好。结论:鼻中隔软骨、耳软骨移植对轻度唇裂继发鼻畸形具有良好的治疗效果。     

第一鳃弓综合征合并唇腭裂病例报告及文献回顾

第一鳃弓综合征是一类少见的先天性畸形,而合并唇腭裂的患者临床报告更是罕见,该文通过回顾1例第一鳃弓综合征合并唇腭裂的患者,并对近期国内外文献做一回顾性分析,对这一类疾病的常见临床表现、病因的遗传学研究及目前的综合性治疗措施进行介绍。